This Ancient Artifact Completely Changes Everything We Know About Humanity

Hi, it's Katrina. Today we are diving headfirst into some seriously murky waters. Did dinosaurs live alongside human beings? Is there a cave in Peru filled with alien corpses? Let's take a look at some of the most controversial artifacts ever found. Dinosaurs and Advanced Technology Did our ancestors coexist with ferocious dinosaurs only a few centuries ago? It's a question that most paleontologists would laugh at, but no one's really laughing at the Ica Stones, a collection of rocks with the potential to change history. These tiny stones might be proof of dinosaurs and ancient lost technology. The Ica Stones are covered in strange engravings that have sparked debates, theories, and more than a few eyebrow raises. Some say they prove that humans were good chums with dinosaurs. Others think the Ica Stones are about as authentic as a $3 bill. When I say the Ica Stones are a collection of rocks, I mean they are a huge collection of rocks. There are more Ica Stones than Pokemon cards in your closet. Thousands upon thousands of these engraved rocks depict images of things that are downright crazy. People riding dinosaurs, advanced surgical procedures, and even a guy peeking through what looks like a telescope. Now I know what you're thinking. Humans and dinosaurs together? What is this, the Flintstones? That's exactly why these stones have been the subject of heated debate for decades. Just listen to how the stones were found in the first place. The earliest known reports of engraved stones in Peru date to the 16th century with the Spanish conquest. However, the Ica Stones didn't appear in the public eye until a man named Javier Cabrera came along in 1966. Javier used to be a physician. According to him, he came across the stones by happenstance and started collecting them from rural regions of the Ica Valley. Soon he had amassed nearly 20,000 of these rocks. That's a lot. In 1996, Javier Cabrera had so many stones, he opened a museum to showcase them. He also wrote a book titled The Message of the Engraved Stones of Ica. In the book, Cabrera outlined his theory for how the stones were created. He said that humans came from another planet, and the stones are at least 405 million years old, and aliens may have used cognitive code transplantation to create modern humans through genetic manipulation. That's some serious Anunnaki talk right there. Cabrera somehow even knew the name of this ancient human civilization. He said they were called glycolytic man, and they left Earth right before the extinction event that wiped out the dinosaurs. All that remains of these prehistoric humans are the Ica stones, carved with images of their daily lives, which apparently consisted of riding dinosaurs. Creationists found out about the collection of rocks and have been in love with them ever since. Creationists believe the stones are proof that humans and dinosaurs walked hand in hand, or maybe claw in hand, at the beginning of the world, which to creationists was only 10,000 years ago. It's all very intriguing, but how much is factual? Experts say probably none of it is real. One of the biggest red flags is that the dinosaurs on the stones look exactly like outdated mid-20th century drawings, complete with dragging tails and scaly bodies. Scientists now know these depictions are wrong. The stones appear to have been carved by someone with an outdated view of what dinosaurs looked like, not by people who truly saw dinosaurs with their own two eyes. Are any of the Ica stones real, or are the Ica stones one man's really weird hoax? It's hard to say. What are your thoughts? Ancient Alien Hyperdrive Deep in the sands of the Egyptian desert hidden in the necropolis of Saqqara, a mysterious stone has left historians, engineers, and ancient alien enthusiasts scratching their heads. The artifact in question appears to be part of a high-tech hyperdrive system, or, and I know this isn't quite as exciting, it might be a water pump. The artifact is called the Disc of Sabu. In 1936, British archaeologist Walter Brian Emery was digging through the tomb of Prince Sabu, a first dynasty noble who lived around 3000 BC in early Egypt. Most of the stuff in his burial chamber was fairly standard, you know, the usual pharaoh's starter kit. You've got your pottery, animal bones, tools, all the normal knickknacks buried with an Egyptian prince. Then Emery unearthed something not typical in the slightest. He found a bizarre round disc made from a schist, a fragile flaky rock that is about as easy to carve as a wet cracker. The Disc of Sabu looked like something straight out of a sci-fi movie. It had a round bottom shaped with three curved fin-like lobes evenly spaced around it. It had three mysterious biconvex holes near the rim, and it had a central hollow tube. But what is it? Conspiracies aside, this device, or artifact, or whatever it is, does seem to be an engineering marvel. It doesn't look like anything else found in ancient Egypt, at least not anything that should have existed in 3000 BC, when tools were made of stone and copper. Could it be a key component to a much larger and more complicated piece of machinery? That is one possibility. Another possibility was revealed by someone with a 3D printer. They made an exact replica and found that the Disc of Sabu functions remarkably well as, wait for it, a centrifugal pump impeller. For those of us who aren't engineers, I'll try to explain. A centrifugal pump impeller is put into a housing, spun really fast, and efficiently displaces water. It's a tool that is perfect for irrigation and flood control. Considering the Egyptians were irrigation geniuses, this theory does hold some water, pun intended. But of course, some people couldn't resist taking things to the next level after the Disc's discovery. Enter Erich von Däniken, the Swiss author famous for kickstarting the global ancient astronaut theory. He claimed that the Disc of Sabu is actually a stone copy of a lost metallic device from a super-advanced civilization. Mainstream archaeologists, on the other hand, being their usual party poopers, have labeled the Disc of Sabu as an incense burner or a decorative vase. At the end of the day, the Disc of Sabu remains a mystery. What do you think it was for? And now for a quick break because it's shout out time! I want to give a huge thank you to Allison McIntyre and Stephanie Rivers for supporting this channel. Thanks so much for watching and spending time with us. If you are new here, be sure to subscribe if you haven't already. Aliens, Roswell, and Blink-182 UFO hunters believe a strange metal shard might be alien technology, so they sent it to a laboratory to be tested. The results were weirder than anyone had expected. This odd little specimen allegedly fell to earth in 1947, right around the time of the infamous Roswell incident. You know, the one that had everyone convinced that little green men crash landed in New Mexico? This particular metal shard managed to avoid the US military and found its way into the hands of Tom DeLonge, the Blink-182 frontman turned UFO researcher. Tom's organization, The Stars Academy, performed a preliminary analysis on the metal artifact. They claimed it had a bizarre, never-before-seen material structure that might be a clue to alien technology. They also said it could occasionally levitate. What could easily be dismissed as the ramblings of a crazy fanatical organization in love with aliens caught the attention of the big boys. The US government's All Domain Anomaly Resolution Office decided to investigate. They were especially interested in whether this piece of metal could indeed reduce its own inertial mass to defy gravity and levitate. Let me just say that when the government wants to play with your toys, there's probably a good reason. The mysterious metal scrap turned out to be made from a magnesium alloy with a dash of bismuth, lead, and some other trace elements. Bismuth took scientists by surprise because it's an interesting character in the world of materials. Some speculate that in the right conditions, bismuth can act as a terahertz wave guide, a conduit for super-powerful electromagnetic waves. If true, this could hint at some kind of alien engineering. Even the government agency was stumped. The All Domain Anomaly Resolution Office had to call in a group even more advanced than themselves to double-check their work. They phoned the experts at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This isn't just any laboratory. It was originally set up during World War II to research atomic weapons. These days, it mostly deals with energy-related projects. But every now and then, it takes a deep dive into mysterious materials. The first order of business was checking for biosignatures, chemical traces of life, and technosignatures, evidence of advanced tech. If aliens had a hand in making this metal sliver, it might show up in the metal's atomic structure. After running the shard through some high-tech tests, scientists found that its isotopic signature, the unique chemical fingerprint of its elements, was disappointingly normal. Both the magnesium and lead matched what you would expect from earth metals. The test showed no signs of alien life. But could it still be a piece of mind-blowing technology? That was the next question. The team used scanning transmission electron microscopy to study its crystalline structure. But again, it looked an awful lot like magnesium alloys we already make here on Earth. After crunching the numbers and analyzing the data, the lab scientists concluded that the material was definitely of terrestrial origin. They guessed it was manufactured right here on Earth, likely as part of post-World War II research into new magnesium alloys for aircraft. But not everyone is convinced. To the Stars Academy isn't giving up just yet. They released a statement saying they still have questions and plan to discuss the findings further. Because, let's face it, who doesn't want to keep the dream of alien technology alive? Even though this particular piece of metal doesn't seem to be a souvenir from an intergalactic road trip, that doesn't mean all hope is lost. Maybe the tests were corrupted by a secret government agent sent to debunk the piece of metal. If you have any opinions, be sure to share them in the comments. Extraterrestrial Bling You know what's cooler than ancient treasure? Ancient treasure made from a meteorite. How would you like to walk around bedazzled in pieces of alien rock? Forget diamonds, meteorites are a girl's and guy's best friend. Spanish scientists just confirmed that two iron artifacts from a 3,000-year-old bronze hoard weren't made from your average earthly metals. Instead, they came from a space rock that crash-landed over a million years ago. And that's only the tip of the iceberg. Talk about jewelry that's out of this world. Archaeologists found a fragment of an iron bracelet and half of a hollow iron seer covered in fine gold filigree. Both artifacts were part of the Vilena treasure, a jaw-dropping cache of 59 golden artifacts discovered in 1963 in Spain. This hoard, packed with gold, silver, and other high-status items, is one of Europe's most significant prehistoric finds. The treasure comes from a time when humans didn't do much ironwork. They didn't call it the Bronze Age for nothing. These iron relics predate the widespread smelting of iron. At the time they were made, humans weren't even supposed to know how to work with iron yet. Like, at all. No iron. This, of course, begs the question, how did they forge meteorite iron? Researchers decided to settle the mystery once and for all by zapping the artifacts with a spectrometer. First, they tested the pieces in Spain. Then they ran a second round of tests in Germany. The results showed that the iron didn't come from Earth. According to senior researcher Ignacio Montero Ruiz from Spain's Institute of History, the composition of these artifacts matches iron meteorites. In fact, both objects may have come from the same meteorite. The test confirmed the origin of the pieces, but didn't explain how they were made in the first place. Who was working with space iron in 1000 BC? Could these artifacts have been made with extraterrestrial assistance? Did aliens teach humans the art of smelting iron, starting with actual space rocks? Ancient alien theorists, assemble! It sounds crazy until you realize this isn't the first time that humans have made bling from space rocks. A 3000-year-old iron arrowhead found in Switzerland was also made from a meteorite. So was King Tut's dagger, discovered in the young pharaoh's tomb. Random pieces of space metal appear here and there in the archaeological record. Space aliens are just really intuitive humans. The mainstream theory is that before humans figured out how to smelt iron from the Earth's crust, they relied on the only source of pure iron that nature provided, meteorites. Space rocks crashed down, packed with iron already in metallic form. This meant that ancient people could hammer and shape them without needing a furnace hotter than the sun. What do you think? If you lived 3000 years ago, would you want an extraterrestrial iron bracelet? Or are you more of a gold and silver kind of person? The Sibiu Manuscript's Ancient Rocket Science People are always saying, it's not rocket science. But is that a phrase that is new to the modern world or has it been around since ancient times? A very mysterious document has revealed that rocket science has been around since long before the first V2 rocket flew out of a German missile silo. What if I told you that an ancient manuscript, written nearly 500 years ago, describes multi-stage rockets, liquid fuel, and the idea of manned space travel? Would you laugh it off, call it fake news, or start questioning everything you know about history? Well, hold on to your hats, because this manuscript is real. Discovered in 1961 by Professor Doru Todoriciu in Sibiu, Romania, this 450-page text is like a 16th-century rocket scientist's blueprint. Known as the Sibiu Manuscript, it contains incredibly advanced concepts for its time, including detailed designs for weaponry, artillery, and ballistics. But how? The manuscript was written between 1550 and 1570 by Conrad Haas, a military engineer who worked for the Kingdom of Hungary and the Principality of Transylvania. Weren't they hunting vampires in the 16th century? When did Romanian scientists have time to develop rockets? At a time when most of the world was still figuring out how to launch fireworks without burning down the village, Haas was laying the groundwork for rocket technology. The Sibiu Manuscript, written entirely in German, dives deep into rocket design and the combination of fireworks with weaponry. It goes further than that, though, introducing the concept of multi-stage rockets, a technique that no one would mention again until the 20th century. Haas also experimented with creating liquid fuel mixtures and detailed the use of fins shaped like hang gliders, the kinds of design features seen in modern rockets. But with all of this knowledge, did Haas ever manage to bring his designs to life? While there are claims of a rocket launch in Sibiu in 1550, there is no documentary evidence to support this. Before the manuscript was found and deciphered, a Polish artillery expert was credited with the first comprehensive designs for multi-stage rockets in his 1650 treatise. But Haas' work predates that by nearly 100 years. Is this rocket science the result of a mind centuries ahead of its time? Or is there another story hidden in the manuscript? How did Haas design the first blueprint for space travel almost half a millennium before the moon landing? Any thoughts? Ancient Samos If weird is your favorite flavor of history, then this next place is your all-you-can-eat buffet. Welcome to Samos, the Greek island where history, mythology, and mind-blowing engineering come together like the ultimate Mediterranean cocktail. Seriously, if Zeus had a summer house, it would probably be here. From bizarre bronze artifacts to an ancient tunnel that would make modern engineers do a double-take, Samos has been a cultural hotspot for millennia. One of the most curious artifacts on display in the Archaeological Museum of Samos is a bronze object depicting naked female figurines. Sounds like just another ancient art piece, right? Only this artifact is believed to be a diplomatic gift to Azael, a ruler mentioned in the Old Testament. Even more intriguing, it bears an inscription in Aramaic, linking it to Syria and dating to the 7th century BC. Historians note similarities between the artwork and ancient Sumerian depictions of the sun god, suggesting a fascinating mix of cultural influences. And that's just a warm-up. Samos is filled with weird wonders. If you think modern engineers are impressive, 6th century BC architect Eupalinos would like a word. This guy designed one of the most impressive tunnels of the ancient world, an almost one-mile-long aqueduct that supplied water to the city of Samos. Herodotus, the ancient Greek historian and history's first travel blogger, called it one of the three greatest works of all the Greeks. And for good reason. This tunnel, dug through a mountain with nothing but hand tools and mathematical genius, could move enough water daily to sustain a major city. 2,500 years ago, while most people were still figuring out basic plumbing, Samos had a fully functional underground water system. Workers dug from both ends of the mountain and met in the middle, just like when the English and the French burrowed under the English Channel to build the greatest underwater tunnel in history. If that's not impressive, I don't know what is. But hey, I'm not here to talk about human ingenuity. This video is about alien tech. Which brings me to this thing. What is that? According to the Samos Museum, it is a bronze artifact depicting a carriage pulled by horses. But to the naked eye, it looks more like a submarine being pulled by freakish creatures with pointed faces and long necks. I dare say the object doesn't look remotely like a carriage. And then there's the figure on the left, who looks like they are connected to some sort of mechanical control device. What does it look like to you? Some sort of alien land vehicle perhaps? Let me know in the comments. 7,000 year old alien artifact. This next discovery will make you think twice about ancient civilizations and their mysterious beliefs. Archaeologists unearthed 7,000-year-old clay figurines in Kuwait. But their age isn't even the best part. They have an unmistakable resemblance to what we commonly think of as aliens, with elongated heads and curiously shaped eyes. The figurines were crafted by the Ubaid culture, an ancient people who thrived in southern Mesopotamia around 5,500 BC. These people were pioneers in pottery, and their unique art style has been found across a vast region stretching over 1,200 miles, from modern-day Iraq to parts of Turkey. Most of their pottery is fairly normal by ancient standards, but holy moly, the unusual finds in Kuwait came as totally unexpected. At the Banro 1 archaeological site, a joint team of Polish and Kuwaiti archaeologists unearthed over 1,500 artifacts, including some that looked like aliens. One especially peculiar clay figure caught the attention of scientists like Peter Belinsky. It had lizard-like features that could easily be mistaken for alien characteristics. Either the Ubaid culture encountered reptilian aliens and made figurines in their likeness, or the people really liked reptiles and made figurines of themselves mixed with lizards. Which do you think is most likely? It's true that the Ubaid culture had a fascination with reptiles, as evidenced by their head-shaping practices. They intentionally modified skull shapes to make their heads more lizard-like. Experts suspect the figurines could represent the Ubaid culture's attempt at mimicking lizards and snakes. They may have worshipped serpents. Interestingly, the Egyptian snake goddess Wadjet, one of the oldest deities in the Egyptian pantheon, could be connected to the Ubaid culture. Perhaps their serpent-worshipping fanaticism spread to Egypt 5,000 years ago. While these discoveries don't necessarily provide evidence of alien contact, they do shed light on ancient rituals and beliefs that could be seen as extraordinary or otherworldly. The Ubaid figurines remind us that ancient peoples had their own ways of expressing the unusual and mysterious. As excavations continue at Baha'u'llah 1, there's likely more to uncover about these ancient alien figures and what they represent. All we can do for now is wait and hope that even more evidence is found of an ancient encounter between man and alien. Or perhaps not. It might Aliens in the ocean. Interstellar metal is taking the world by storm. Get ready for a revelation that feels like it came from an alternate universe. Metallic spheres found on the ocean floor off the coast of Papua New Guinea may just have come from outside our solar system. In June 2023, a team led by Harvard astrophysicist Avi Loeb embarked on an ambitious two-week mission to retrieve some remnants of a meteor that crashed into the Earth's atmosphere. Their search took them deep into the waters near Manus Island, where they scoured the ocean floor for traces of what they now believe to be an interstellar object. The findings were astonishing. Avi and his team discovered more than 700 tiny metallic spheres, all interstellar in origin, according to their initial analysis. That's a lot of tiny alien meatballs. For the first time, scientists were holding materials from a large object that arrived from outside the solar system. This marked a huge milestone in space exploration and extraterrestrial research. The metallic fragments are believed to be composed of a unique alloy unlike anything found in our cosmic neighborhood. Keep in mind that these spheres didn't come from an alien ship, as many have guessed. They came from a space rock that originated from some dark, unknown corner of the universe. And that's what makes the metal so alien and important. The composition of the little metal spheres includes beryllium, lanthanum, and uranium, elements that are not found in terrestrial alloys or typical meteorites. They also don't match the usual fallout from nuclear explosions or materials from Earth, the Moon, or Mars. So where did these spheres come from? Scientists suspect the materials came from a magma ocean on an exoplanet with an iron core, far beyond our own solar system. In other words, the spheres recovered from the ocean floor came from a bubbling fire ocean on an alien planet. That's a word to comprehend I'm not even going to try. Avi's bold theories don't stop here. He previously made waves in the scientific community with his idea that the mysterious Oumuamua comet, which passed through our solar system in 2017, might be an alien spacecraft. Though many scientists dismissed his idea, Avi Loeb's curiosity remains undeterred. While early analysis of these alien materials is promising, Loeb and his team are continuing their investigations across several laboratories, including at Harvard and the University of California, Berkeley. And there's more to come. Loeb has already planned for a second expedition to gather even more data. Are we on the brink of proving that extraterrestrial life has been in contact with us? Or is this just a cosmic coincidence? Stay tuned! The Nazca left behind incredible lines in the desert, but they also left behind something even more bizarre. Mummies that look suspiciously like they're from another planet. And now these strange remains are at the center of a very human drama. In the ancient territory of the Nazca, Peru's most famous lost civilization, there lies a cave of wonders. Or maybe it's a cave of horrors. This pit in the earth is filled with pre-Hispanic artifacts, including mummies with elongated heads and only three fingers on each hand. It's believed that these beings are real, physical, biological aliens. And, as you can imagine, mainstream scientists are not talking about this. Mainly Andrew Rivera, an unassuming man who stumbled upon this mysterious cave by accident. He couldn't believe his luck. Or his curse, depending on which way you look at it. Inside the cave were human remains with unusual features. They were shaped like normal men, but their heads were huge, as if they held oblong-shaped brains. Considering this happened in the Nazca region, people were quick to assume aliens. The cave is near the Nazca Lines, the massive desert geoglyphs that some believe are messages from extraterrestrials. The whole area has long been a place of fascination for alien enthusiasts. And conspiracy theorists. Don't forget them. But here's where the whole operation was botched. Instead of preserving the findings, Rivera took advantage of what he saw as a financial opportunity. He removed up to 200 sets of remains and sold them on the black market. This may have been a mass alien grave, but of course greed saw it destroyed. Some of the artifacts ended up in Mexico, where they were recently showcased at UFO hearings by journalist Jaime Melson, who claimed they were evidence of alien life. However, scientists dismissed these claims, pointing out that the remains are more likely the result of human cranial deformation, genetic anomalies. Others pointed out it would be one thing if the bodies just had elongated skulls, but they also have three fingers instead of five. Scientists are trying to tell us these mysterious people practiced skull deformation and were also born as mutants. Are you buying this explanation? Rivera's actions didn't go unnoticed for long. He was convicted in 2022 for assault on public monuments, marking a significant step in Peru's ongoing battle against cultural trafficking. Despite the conviction, the damage had already been done. Many alleged alien artifacts had already been smuggled to countries like France, Spain, and Russia, where they fetched high prices on the black market. I mean, what would you pay for an alien mummy? On a separate note, the illicit trade in ancient relics has skyrocketed recently, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, with online sales making it easier for traffickers to operate under the radar. The theft and sale of cultural artifacts have become such a problem that experts are now calling for a re-examination of Peru's efforts to control this illicit trade. While some of the mummies may have made their way into congressional hearings, the story of Peru's stolen artifacts continues to unfold. The mysterious cave and its contents will spark even more controversy and interest as both archaeologists and alien enthusiasts continue to seek answers. But really, you'd think this would be simple, right? Long heads, three fingers, weird bodies, stuffed in a cave near massive geoglyphs believed to be signs for alien ships? Some think the Nazca Lines were once part of a vast alien runway. Do you think these weird bodies are human? The great UFO arms race. The real arms race fueling humanity's lightning fast adaptation of new technology is all thanks to aliens. Yet another Pentagon whistleblower has come forward with a bombshell. There is an intergalactic cold war being waged right now. Apparently, the US government is sitting on more alien tech than Area 51 conspiracy theorists could ever dream of. And not just the US either. Other countries are in on it too. Nations are currently stuck in a multi-decade top secret arms race over unidentified anomalous phenomenon. If you've been following the government's slow, weird striptease on UFOs, you've probably heard about the infamous tic-tac UFO sighting from 2004. Or the eerie unidentified submerged objects lurking under our oceans. But now there is a new buzzword making the rounds. Immaculate Constellation. Sounds like the name of a progressive rock album, but according to multiple witnesses at the recent UAP hearing in Congress, it's the Pentagon's ultra-secret program for tracking, collecting, and analyzing UFO evidence. Journalist Michael Schellenberger testified that the government has been hoarding tons of high-resolution images and other classified UAP data for decades. Meanwhile, the public is stuck squinting at grainy black and white videos that look like they were shot with a 2001 Nokia flip phone. In case you didn't already know, UAP is the new term for UFOs, essentially meaning any unexplained, possibly alien phenomenon. Schellenberger even handed over an 11-page report to Congress, supposedly penned by an anonymous whistleblower with insider knowledge of Immaculate Constellation. The hearing also featured big names in the UFO world, including retired Air Force intelligence officer David Grush. David previously claimed the government recovered non-human biologics, which is a less ghoulish way of saying alien corpses. At the hearing was also Luis Elizondo, the former head of the Pentagon's classified UFO program. Elizondo did not hold back. This was a key official in the Pentagon saying that UAPs are real. Advanced technologies not made by our government or any other government are monitoring sensitive military installations around the globe. Oh, and he also dropped this little bombshell. Elizondo said the U.S. is in possession of UAP technologies, as are some of our adversaries. Everyone's at home worrying about egg prices, while behind the scenes our governments are in a global race to reverse engineer alien technology. Isn't that basically the plot of every sci-fi thriller ever? While the testimonies were dramatic, there was one tiny problem. Zero actual evidence was presented. No photos, no materials, no alien USB drives with weird glyphs on them. Just a lot of bold claims. Pentagon spokesperson Sue Gao outright denied the existence of Immaculate Constellation, and the U.S. government's All Domain Anomaly Resolution Office maintains there is no hard truth that UAPs are extraterrestrial. When you look at ancient artifacts like some of the ones I've shown you today, bronze space vehicles, statues of alien overlords carved 7,000 years ago, mummified ETs, it's hard to dispute the existence of aliens if you really want to find it. And if you can learn stuff on YouTube, imagine what the U.S. government knows. Either the U.S. and other countries are secretly hoarding alien tech while pretending they know nothing, or this is one giant game of UFO telephone where rumors spiral into wild speculation. Either way, something is up. Is there really an interstellar arms race happening behind closed doors? Are world governments sitting on mind blowing discoveries? Or is this all just another case of people wanting to believe? Thanks for watching. Be sure to stay tuned for extra content you might have missed. Castles of Lost Cities. Images taken by satellites revealed new evidence of a lost civilization in the Sahara Desert. This is one of the most inhospitable parts of one of the most extreme places in the world. A team from the University of Leicester discovered proof that people lived here 2,000 years ago. It seems impossible, yet the team identified over 100 fortified villages and towns, and even castle-like structures, all decaying in the desert. These date from between the year 1 and 500 A.D. David Mattingly, project leader, said it was like someone coming to England and suddenly discovering every medieval castle. These settlements had gone completely unnoticed and unrecorded by the Libyan government. But who built these mysterious ancient castle cities in the desert? Researchers believe it was a group called the Garamantes. We don't know much about these civilizations' culture and lifestyle. However, that doesn't mean they were primitive or any less advanced than other civilizations of the day. Their ability to thrive and build in one of the most volatile places on the planet is proof of their prowess. The discovery is changing how we view ancient history because, up until now, researchers took the Roman accounts of the Garamantes for truth. The Romans called them barbaric nomads and accused them of being troublemakers on the edge of their empire. But all these castles and fortifications prove the Garamantes were highly civilized. They turned the desert into an oasis, had their own written language, and were pioneers of trade in the Sahara. What happened to them is unknown, and their cities are still shrouded in mystery. Mummified Monsters in Egypt Archaeologists at the Qubbat al-Hawa burial site in southern Egypt found 10 mummified crocodiles in 2019. But it wasn't until 2023 that scientists finished studying the reptiles and dated them at 2,300 years old. These mysterious crocodiles were found extremely well-preserved, with many of them over 11 feet long. After years of study, researchers are fairly certain they know what happened to them. They think they were embalmed and mummified just like ordinary people, to be given as offerings to the revered Egyptian god Sobek. Sobek was the reptilian deity of ancient Egypt, closely associated with military might and royal power. The Egyptians believed that by mummifying the animal associated with the god, they would earn its favor. It's unclear who ordered these animals to be mummified, something that would have been pretty difficult. The crocodiles would have needed to be captured and then euthanized. The whole process would have been very expensive. It may have been an ancient pharaoh from around 300 BC who wanted to gain Sobek's favor to have a more successful rule over Egypt. The Biblical King Hezekiah Israeli archaeologists recently deciphered an ancient inscription from the 8th century BC found on a wall in an underground tunnel. The tunnel can be found just outside the walls of the city of David, or ancient Jerusalem. The inscription shocked researchers because it seems to match directly with passages from both the Book of Kings and Book of Chronicles, found in the Old Testament. It's a controversial case of archaeological evidence proving the reality of what is written in the Bible. Professor Gershon Galil is the head of the Institute for Biblical Studies at Haifa University. He and his colleague Eli Shukron have the responsibility of deciphering the text. They say the inscription details the deeds of King Hezekiah, one of the figures from the Bible. It lists his great accomplishments during his first 17 years of rule. It talks about his grandeur as a political leader, his military might, his accumulation of wealth, and his infrastructure projects. The text inside the tunnel predates the earliest manuscripts of the Bible, including the Dead Sea Scrolls. It's irrefutable proof that the Bible reflects historical events and is not just all fantasy. One of the events confirmed by the text is the Siloam Tunnel. It was one of the most remarkable engineering projects ever undertaken by ancient people. A 1,750-foot tunnel was built at the order of King Hezekiah to bring fresh water from outside the city of David to the pool of Siloam. This was to ensure the safety of the city's inhabitants in the event of an Assyrian invasion. It's something written in the Bible, and something that really happened in history. The Siloam Pool happens to be the same place where Jesus Christ healed the blind man in the New Testament, making some wonder if that truly happened as well. And now for number 7. But first, I want to give a big shout out to Millie J and Bootdink, who is a long-time subscriber. I know you've been waiting, so I hope you see the shout out! Thanks so much for watching and supporting this channel. If you are new here, be sure to subscribe for more incredible discoveries! The Mysterious Paranthropus The origin of the human species is one of the most controversial topics in science. Most mainstream anthropologists agree our ancestors deviated from chimpanzees six million years ago. Since the time of the split, at least 20 known species of hominids evolved. These days, only Homo sapiens are left. But how we beat the rest, what our ancient ancestors were like, and how many there were, is still a major mystery. Take the case of our cousin, Paranthropus. It existed from about 2.5 until 1.5 million years ago. Its remains were found in 1938 by Robert Broome. The early archaeologists thought he had found the fossilized jaws and teeth of an ape, then was perplexed when the remains turned out to be more human than gorilla. The creature could clearly walk upright, yet it was larger than most of our ancestors. The Paranthropus is still one of the closest things we've ever found to the missing link. It was about 5 feet tall, it had teeth as thick as a thumb, and it wasn't very smart. Scientists think the Paranthropus represents one of the earliest deviations on our family tree. As the climate became colder and drier, hominids split in half. One branch remained ape-like, while the other became early humans. The humans had smaller teeth, they were shorter, but their brains got bigger. Then, about 1.5 million years ago, the Paranthropus went extinct, and the Homo lineage had evolved to be 6 feet tall. The Homo species got an edge over everyone else when they learned how to make tools out of stone. Zerzevan Castle Zerzevan Castle contains a mysterious temple once used by the cult of Mithras. It can be found about 93 miles from the even more mysterious ancient site of Göbekli Tepe in Turkey. The castle was built 3,000 years ago, destroyed by the Assyrians, then rebuilt by the Roman Empire. But what makes the temple so exciting and controversial is that it houses one of only 22 known Mithras temples. The most distant temple in the west can be found hiding in London, while Zerzevan holds the most well-preserved traces of the infamous Mithras initiation rituals. If you're not sure what Mithras was, let's do a quick recap. The cult of Mithras, or the Mithraic Mysteries, was a religion that picked up serious steam in around 2,000 years ago. It was based on an old Persian god, tweaked by the Romans, and competed directly with early Christianity. If Christianity had failed, Mithras might still be worshipped today. But the thing about the Mithraic Mysteries is that they were extremely secretive. We don't have any written testimonies of what went on within the religion. We know they were serious about astronomy, they were very esoteric, and reformed initiation rites. But exact details have been lost for thousands of years. Inside this long-forgotten castle is the old temple to Mithras, where archaeologists have uncovered strange symbols that have never been explained. Nothing was written down, and so there are many long-lost truths that scientists simply can't figure out. The Extinction of the Anasazi. Scientists believe they may have finally figured out what happened to the mysterious ancient Puebloans, also known as the Anasazi. These were the people who lived in the Chaco Canyon during the 12th century. They prospered in the Four Corners region of the United States for hundreds of years, then vanished abruptly and seemingly without reason. The ruins of their homes can still be found today in New Mexico. There were at least 2,000 people in the Chaco Canyon when they suddenly packed up and left about 700 years ago. The extinction of the Anasazi is a touchy subject among historians. Some believe it was climate change that destroyed their crops and left them starving. Others think they migrated south and joined the Aztecs in Mexico. Retired geochemist Larry Benson says it was almost definitely a sudden lack of rain that caused everyone to leave the Chaco Valley. His research shows a series of droughts began around the year 1130 and continued for 300 years. The New Mexico desert may seem barren today, but it was apparently even worse. Even if the Anasazi had concentrated all their efforts into feeding their people, they still couldn't have been able to grow a thing. Even if this is true, it doesn't explain what happened to them. Scientists still can't say where the Anasazi migrated to or if they all just stuck around and slowly starved. The Treasury of Atreus The Treasury of Atreus is a huge beehive tomb built 3,400 years ago in ancient Mycenae, Greece. As far as anyone knows, it is the biggest and most impressive tomb of its kind from the Bronze Age in the Aegean. It contains a circular burial chamber topped by a huge dome. Amazingly, the dome ceiling of the tomb was the largest dome in the world until the Pantheon was constructed 1,600 years later. Clearly, whoever this tomb was built for was extremely important. It was crafted from the most luxurious marble, every last detail meticulously done to perfection. And yet, scientists don't know who was buried here. They have a lot of theories but no concrete evidence. It's extremely controversial because many say the tomb belonged to the mythical king Agamemnon. He was the Mycenaean ruler who led the Greeks in battle against the Trojans in the 18th century BC. Another theory is that the tomb was built for Atreus, who killed his half-brother by throwing him into a well and then was banished to Mycenae. His story is popular in Greek myth, though there's never been any evidence he really existed. Agamemnon was said to be Atreus' son and he was killed after returning from the Trojan War. It's impossible for archaeologists to say who the tomb was built for. All we really know is that it was the grandest of all Mycenaean tombs, fit for a king. If it really did belong to Agamemnon, it could mean the story of Troy, the Trojan War, and the The First Roman Highway Italian archaeologists have revealed that they will likely never find the remains of the entrance to the First Roman Highway. It's a mystery we've been trying to solve for decades. We already know about the First Roman Highway, the Appian Way. However, researchers have been trying to find the first mile of it, the very first place it all started. When they say all roads lead to Rome, the first piece of the Appian Way was where it all started. In the 4th century BC, Appius Claudius Caeacus pushed to have the great highway created. The Romans called it Regina Viarum, or Queen of the Roads. It would be extremely important because it would connect the city of Rome to the port city of Brindisi. This would start an age of easy trade the likes of which the world had never seen. Ships could arrive at the port, goods could easily be transported to Rome by road, and then they could make their way to other places. Makes sense, right? But here's the thing about the road. It's buried. The landscape has changed a lot in 2,400 years, and the first mile of the road is buried 26 feet underground. Researchers have been trying desperately to uncover the first traces of it, only to abandon their efforts in early 2023. Scientists dug about 18 feet deep, then discovered a groundwater current. They think the original mile of the Queen of Roads has been completely washed away. Hidden Relics In 2008, a medieval pendant was discovered in the German town of Mainz. Now, researchers from the Leibniz Center for Archaeology have used a neutron beam to solve its mystery. The non-invasive technique revealed tiny splinters of bone hidden inside the pendant. Archaeologists say these bone fragments are most likely religious relics. The issue was corrosion. Researchers could not open the pendant to look inside because it's 800 years old and could break. They had to look using prompt gamma activation analysis, scanning the interior with neutrons. The scan revealed five packets of silk and linen, each one containing bone splinters. The pendant itself is decorated with pictures of Jesus and the four female saints. It was made in the 12th century, somewhere in Lower Saxony. But who in the world do these splinters of bone belong to? In the medieval days, it was popular to collect the bones, hair, or even teeth of deceased saints. People would carry these fragments of holy humans around with them like good luck charms. The bone splinters likely come from a real-life saint. Scientists just don't have a clue which one. The Power of Gold Thanks to ancient texts deciphered from Sumerian tablets found in the 1800s, we know a fair amount about the Anunnaki. The Anunnaki were worshipped by the Sumerians 5,500 years ago as godly deities who came down from the stars to teach humans the knowledge of the cosmos. This has been interpreted in a lot of different ways throughout the years. These days, many believe the Anunnaki were extraterrestrials who came to Earth specifically to mine gold in southern Africa. That's because gold wasn't used by them as something for jewelry, but rather for their technology. These same believers theorize that the Anunnaki were the ones who taught us things like mathematics. We still use the same systems of math and measurement as they did in Sumer in 3,500 BC. There are even ancient tablets from Mesopotamia that show the Anunnaki handing over agricultural instruments to their human subjects. For ancient alien enthusiasts, this is an obvious display of one race passing knowledge on to another. Thanks for watching! Be sure to hit that subscribe button if you haven't already and I'll see you next time! Bye!