Code the Classic Hangman Game using Python from Scratch! Beginner Python Functions and Operations!!

hello welcome back to the channel and today uh we've got kind of a fun Python tutorial episode we're going to learn to build the classic uh word guessing game hangman inside python uh completely from scratch so uh if if you aren't familiar with some basic python Concepts we're going to cover a lot in this video I'll do my best to explain each thing as we get to it but if you're totally unfamiliar with python from the jump it's probably wise that you check out some of the other tutorial videos on this channel first uh but without any further Ado let's go ahead and get into this so essentially hangman uh you've probably played it is one player or person will uh guess a word and then the other person only gets so many chances to guess the letters one at a time in that word hopefully guess the secret word before the uh little drawn stick figure gets fully filled in and hung uh which is when the player guessing loses so uh it's pretty fun and let's just jump into kind of taking a look at one way of writing the code for it so um I'm going to I'm going to go ahead and just start by defining a a variable which is going to be our initial input where we ask the players for the secret word so we'll say word equals input please enter your secret word okay and then um um th this is going to default to string because Python's default inputs uh always come in as string if we wanted to be super sure that we read it in as a string like if for some reason someone punched in numerical uh characters or whatever we could do that um I'll leave it in there you don't need the Str Str there um and then let's see yeah I'm going to create a variable called secret word and some of this will make sense once we uh run run it and play it a little bit here but I'm basically going to say for I in range oh whoops for ION range length I got caps lock on for ION range uh and then the length of our word I want the secret word put a coal in there I want my secret word to add add one character of just these little stars so if you think about what we just did we are getting an input for a word from a player and then we are uh making a secret word that is that same length that is going to be just start out so it's kind of going to look like when you enter your password in a text input and the letters don't show up it's just these stars um so that's pretty cool uh we could do do stars or we could do um dashes it doesn't really matter I'll do stars I think that looks good and secretive um okay and then uh so now we've created a word we've created a secret word and uh let's go ahead and kind of make um let's start making the game logic so we want to say while the word is not equal to the secret word so the way I'm picturing us playing this game is every time you make a guess we're going to create functions that go through and check if each character in word is equal to that guess you just made and if it is then we're going to update only that character of the secret word to show that letter so if you put in apple and then guess P the secret word now is going to be star PP star star um so I like that way of doing it so let's go ahead and say while the word is not equal to the secret word this is going to kind of be every guess now every iteration of the game we'll start by printing the secret oops the secret word is and then we will add the secret word all right so that's pretty cool and then let's um let's go ahead and get a guess because this means that if we've gotten in this far that um that the word hasn't been solved yet so uh I'll create a variable right here called new guess and let's go ahead and just uh create a function called guess so we'll say new guess is equal to an actual uh guess process and let's go ahead go up here and make the guess function so what do we want to do every time we guess um well we want them to input one letter right so we'll call it guest letter and we'll say input guess uh letter and that should do that and now let's we have to check some stuff because if someone enters like a phrase or accidentally enters multiple characters we don't want to let them uh do that so we'll just say if the length of guest letter is greater than one then we're going to make them enter it again we'll say guest letter equals input and this time we'll we'll tell them uh input guess one letter all right so that that should handle if they enter a phrase or anything um you could build some while loop that's basically saying while guest letter is greater than one um and and continually make them re-enter it I'm just going to say it once and say like it was probably user error but uh there's a couple ways you can write everything so else we'll go ahead and return guest letter right because that's that's what we want the guest to be all right and so then now that's just handled the the each game Loop of getting the next guess from the user so now we have this variable new guess which should have uh which should have the new um letter in it and I guess the next thing we're going to want to do is check the guess yeah so let's do um secret word now we're going to update our word and call it check guess okay but but I think what we should pass in here is our new guess right whatever new character um has just been guessed and let's create a function for checking the guess so Define check guess all right and in here uh let's go ahead and just pull in a few globals so let's pull in global word and Global secret word cuz we're we're going to use those um we're going to use those in here I guess we could pass them through as variables but uh we don't have to we'll just call them call them out as Global so that's how you reference a variable that exists outside of a function inside of a function um you just call the global so okay let's say um let's let's create an intermediate variable that we can just use in here and say my word equal equals secret word um and then for now okay yeah for I in range so what we're going to do now is we're going to go through each character of our word and I just got to be length of word um we're going to go through each character of our word and we are going to check and see if the guest character was that character so we'll say for ION range length of word if word at character I is equal to the guess um well what do we want to do if it's equal to guess we want to update my word um and there's unfortunately there's really no easy way to overwrite just one character of a string it doesn't allow for substitution so we can't unfortunately we can't just say like my word at I is now equal to guess it's going to tell you it can't do that sort of like partial indexing so what we have to do is um kind of concatenate the before and after strings so we'll say um my word from the beginning of the word up to character I um and then concatenate it with our guest and then my word again from I + one because what we've done is we've taken the actual character at position I and dropped it from the string so going from the beginning to I the way ranges work is they don't count um they don't count the end point so here we're saying start at my word so again if it was Apple and we were replacing the L and we said go from the beginning to the fourth character it's going to add a then P then P again but it's not it's going to stop at four it's not going to include four so that's why we can write it this way instead of I minus one um and then we'll add the guess and then we'll add my word um from I + one to the end of the string so that's basically picking the secret word apart and then um inserting our character into the middle of it and then putting it back together okay so then we'll go ahead and once that's done we're going to return my word and let's put some spaces in here and that should do it for checking so let's go ahead and just run this real quick and see where we're at enter your secret word well I'll say apple okay so here you can see right away we get um five hidden characters let's guess a letter let's guess a that's pretty cool the secret word is a star star star P all right L let's try guessing like q w yeah you can see nothing's there e so um and then as soon as we guess the last letter in the word it finishes so that's pretty awesome um we've built the the basics of what you need to get a functioning game right here but obviously things like keeping track of Lost characters and then actually drawing the figure um if you die it it's not in place yet and that would make this game a lot more fun uh you were even able ble to see the original input of the word that the you know user puts in the whole time so in the next uh video in part two of this hangman tutorial we're going to take a look at um kind of adding a lot of that additional functionality that's going to really make this a fun fully useful game but this video is getting up there in time so um I'm going to stop this here that's the basics of what you need to build a Hangman game from scratch with python hopefully you found this kind of cool kind of useful if you have any comments for me or uh thoughts on what you'd like to see next feel free to let me know in the comments below and if you found this or anything else on the channel useful I always appreciate a like and a subscribe it helps the channel out a ton and as always good luck with your code and thanks for watching thanks bye