HISTORY OF EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE

In this video you will learn some Ancient Egyptian Terminologies, Types of Temples, Parts of Mastaba, Parts of a Pyramid, Significant Egyptian Structure, Character of Egyptian Architecture and Famous Buildings in Egyptian Architecture. After prehistoric age, in the Mediterranean world, the historical records of Ancient Egypt begin Egypt as a unified state, which occurred sometime in 3150 BC. Egyptian Architecture. Their megalithic buildings is focused more on burial tombs of their pharaohs and temples for their deity. Terminologies. Pylon, massive temple gateway. Papyrus, an ornament symbolizing fertility. Obelisk, a carved single piece of tapered monolithic stone, found at the entrances of Egyptian temples. Osiris Pillar, are the prototype of caryatids of the Greeks. Hieroglyphics, sacred stone wall craving ornament which is a form of pictorial writing. Sarcophagus, Egyptian coffin. Stele, an upright stone containing the names of the dead. Sirdab, secret room in a mastaba containing statues and possessions of the dead. Hypostyle Hall, pillared hall which the roof is laid upon. Mamizi Temples, small shrines dedicated to goddess Isis. Androsphinx, a lion with a man's head, representing sky god Horus, like the great Sphinx at Giza. Types of Temples. 1. Mortuary, place for worshipping dead pharaohs. 2. Cult, place for worshipping of an Egyptian deity. 3. Rock Cut, a burial chamber for a noble man. Parts of a Mastaba. 1. Offering Chapel. 2. Sirdab. 3. Sarcophagus Chamber. Parts of a Pyramid. 1. Offering Chapel. 2. Mortuary Temple. 3. Elevated Causeway. 4. Valley Building. Significant Egyptian Structure. 1. Pyramid. 2. Temple. 3. Mastaba. 4. Obelisk. 5. Sphinx. Character of Egyptian Architecture. 1. Simple but monumental and massive. 2. Decorated with hieroglyphics. 3. Massive battered walls with less opening. 4. Square and rectangular and plan usually symmetrical. 5. Pyramid sides are faced on the four cardinal points. Famous Buildings in Egyptian Architecture. 1. Great Pyramids at Giza. 2. Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara. 3. Great Temple of Abu Simbel. 4. Great Temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak. 5. Queen Hatshepsut Temple. After a long reign of Egyptian Empire in 671 BC, a civil war had occurred which led to the invasion of Assyrian and the rise of Mesopotamian architecture that will be discussed on the next video.