RELATIVSÄTZE einfach erklärt👌🏼 (Deutsch lernen - Grammatik - B1 - B2 - C1)

Aha, that's the man who always says hello to you, the one you saw at the bakery first and with whom you would like to go on a date. So-so. Hello and welcome back to my channel. My name is Maria. I am a German teacher and your language coach. I receive a lot of emails every day, like this one, for example. Hello, my language coach Maria. I love your grammar explanations. Thank you. Can you please make a video about relative clauses? I still don't understand how they work. Thanks in advance. Greetings, Annetta. You know what, Annetta? I love the topic of relative clauses and of course I like to explain it in my video today. In this video, I will show you all the relative clauses that you need in German. You will see that they are super easy. Well then, let's get started right away. Let's go! There are many examples in this video, but you don't necessarily have to write them down. You can also find these examples in my free PDF. It is linked directly below this video. Enter your name and email address and you will receive the PDF with all the information. This way you can concentrate much better on the video. And if you like to learn German grammar, then please click on subscribe and give this video a thumbs up. With me, you will always find a lot of grammar, vocabulary and motivation. What are relative clauses? We use relative clauses when we want to give more information about a word or a sentence. For example, This is the series I'm watching at the moment. This is the food I like best. ...that I'm watching at the moment. ...that I like best. These are relative clauses. Relative clauses are completely normal subordinate clauses. The verb is always at the end. In our examples, the words are the series and the food the so-called reference words. We refer to these words. We give more information about it. The relative clause is almost always directly behind the reference word and is therefore sometimes in the middle of the main clause. The series I'm watching at the moment is super interesting. The food I like best can only be cooked by my mother. Where are the relative clauses here? Exactly in the middle of the sentence. Did you notice anything? Normally, we need a connector to connect the main clause with the subordinate clause. Like this, if, although, and so on. By the way, you can learn more about connectors in this video. But here we don't have any connectors. We have relative pronouns. In the first example, the and in the second example, that. These are not articles, even if they look like articles. No, these are relative pronouns. You can find a declination table of all relative pronouns in all four cases also in my free PDF. If you have looked at this table, then you will see that relative pronouns in the nominative, accusative and dative singular are completely identical with the specific articles. Therefore, there is also a risk of confusion. But on the other hand, it will also make our lives easier. Relative pronouns in the dative plural and in the genitive differ from the articles and you should pay special attention to this. Now we are forming examples with relative clauses in all cases. And you will hopefully realize that they are really very easy. We start with relative clauses in the nominative. But how do we know the relative clause and accordingly also the relative pronoun in the nominative? The verb in the subordinate clause is important. The verb decides everything. To make it easier, you can start with a long sentence and make two short main sentences. And here comes my example. This is the man who is very nice. And now we make two main sentences out of it. This is the man. The man or he is very nice. So we can clearly see that the word man in the second sentence is the subject. And it is in the nominative. Then the relative pronoun is also in the nominative. With the verb to be as a full verb, we always use the nominative. Oh yes, you will learn more about the German cases in this video. And what else is important? The gender is important for us and whether the reference word is in the singular or in the plural. I refer to the man. This noun is masculine, singular. Then I also use the relative pronoun der. Simple, right? A few more examples with relative clauses in the nominative. This is the woman who is in love with the man. This is the child who always plays on the street. These are the people who go shopping every day. What do they buy? If you can think of a great example in the nominative, then go ahead, write it in the comments. It is super important to apply what you have learned directly. And if you want to practice, you can sign up for one of my German courses. We practice relative clauses in B1, B2 and even in C1. Just by doing that, you can see how important this topic is. You can find the registration link directly below this video. I'm looking forward to seeing you. And now we are forming examples in the accusative. The verb is important again. Usually, these are typical verbs that you always use with the accusative. This is the man I met last week. We form two short sentences again. This is the man. This sentence looks different. The word man is no longer a subject here. This is an accusative object. In our relative clause we have the verb to see and the subject I. That is why the relative pronoun is also in the accusative. If the subject in the relative clause is different, There are more examples. This is the woman I see every morning at the bus stop. This is the child I think is really cute. These are the people I pick up from the train station. Some people. I don't know them. And now it's time for your own example. But we see it in the dative. We pay attention to the verb again. This is the man everyone is curious to hear. Let's break this sentence down again. This is the man. Everyone is curious to hear the man or him. What does he have to say? We have to pay attention to three things again. Gender, singular or plural and case. For gender and singular or plural let's look at the reference word in the first sentence. The man is masculine and singular. That is why the relative pronoun is also in the masculine singular. For the case we have to look at the second sentence. Oh yes, the case and the case are synonyms. So the nominative. Fumpi. My cat meows. Fumpi, did you understand the relative clauses too? Say meow. No reaction. So the nominative, the accusative, the dative or the genitive. In the second sentence we see that the man is in the dative. But why is that? Yes, that's because of the verb. This verb always needs the dative. To hear plus dative. That is why the relative pronoun is also in the dative. Masculine, singular. That means that we need the relative pronoun. Is that clear? In any case, always look at the reference word and the verb in the subordinate clause. Very important. More examples. This is the old woman I often help with shopping. This is the child my son is very similar to. Surprise! It's not always just verbs that come with the dative. As you probably already know, there are also adjectives that are used with the dative. Like, for example, to be similar plus dative. I would like to give you another example with a dative adjective. These are the people I am totally grateful to. Be grateful plus dative. And also pay attention to the relative pronoun in the dative plural. To them. That sounds completely different. You definitely won't confuse this relative pronoun with an article. And now take my sentence beginners and write your own examples with relative clauses in the dative. I'm waiting. And now we form examples in the genitive. This is the man whose dog once bit me. Let's divide this sentence into two sentences. This is the man. His dog once bit me. Ouch! His dog. His. What is that again? Exactly! This is a possessive article. We know that we always express a belonging with the genitive and with the possessive articles. So if we want to form a relative clause, then the relative pronoun is in the genitive. The dog belongs to the man. This is the man whose dog once bit me. Here are a few more examples in the genitive for you. This is the woman whose cat always catches mice in the garden. This is the child whose parents own their own company. These are the people whose house is for sale. To stand for sale means to be sold. And now I'm curious to see if you can write your own examples. Let's go! I have another surprise for you. There are also relative clauses with prepositions. We use such sentences when there is a preposition in the relative clause that is related to the reference word. This preposition is then in front of the relative pronoun. They can be different prepositions. Very often they are fixed prepositions that are always in connection with a certain verb or a certain adjective. You know verbs with prepositions, don't you? For example, to speak with plus. Very good, genitive. And here is an example. This is the man I often talk to. Wait a minute. You can also use speak with other prepositions, can't you? Of course. For example, to speak about plus. Accusative. Great! This is the man I often talk about. I blab about him. No, nonsense, that was just an example. And I mentioned adjectives earlier. Then let's make an example with it. To be proud of plus. Accusative. You did it again. This is the man I'm proud of. That's easy, isn't it? But you see how important it is to learn verbs with prepositions and also adjectives with prepositions. Now I'll show you a sentence with the woman. For example, this is the woman I've been waiting for. For an hour already. Waiting for plus. Accusative. This is the child I told about. Tell about plus. Dative. These are the people I sometimes complain about. Complaining about plus. Of course, the accusative. I know you have an example too. Then please write it directly in the comments. I think relative clauses are never enough. And that's why I'm going to show you even more relative clauses in a moment. And thus also summarize what you can do now. We start with a masculine noun. The main clause remains the same. And we form different sentences in the nominative, accusative, dative, genitive and of course with a preposition. This is the doctor who has been treating me for years. This is the doctor I contacted. This is the doctor many patients trust. This is the doctor whose daughter is also studying medicine. This is the doctor I talked to on the phone. And here are examples with a feminine noun. This is the doctor who has a small practice in the city center. This is the doctor I recommend to everyone. This is the doctor I sent my medical file to. This is the doctor whose husband also has a small practice. This is the doctor all newspapers report about. And now a neutral noun. This is the drug that works extremely well. This is the drug I've been taking or taking in for years. Both are possible. This is the drug I owe my recovery to. This is the drug whose packaging I can no longer find. This is the drug my grandmother swears by when she has a stomach ache. So she thinks this is the best medicine against stomach aches. Also swear plus accusative. And now the examples in the plural. These are the patients who participate in a study. These are the patients the doctor is treating today. These are the patients the doctor has prescribed the new drug. These are the patients whose health card does not work. These are the patients for whom the doctor does not have any free appointments today. Totally simple, right? Today we learned the most important thing about relative clauses. But that's not all. There are also relative clauses with who, what, where and some others. Do you want to learn everything in detail and also do exercises for it? Then come to my German courses. We learn relative clauses, as I said, on B1, B2 and even on C1 level. And if you want to get all the examples from the video in writing, then download my free PDF. You can find the link directly below this video. And of course I wish you a lot of success in learning German. And if you have any questions, if I can help you in any way, then please contact me. Write me your comment, ask me your question and I will, as always, be there for you. Well then, study hard, take care of yourself and we'll see each other again soon in my new video anyway. Take care and bye! Finally write to the man you saw at the bakery.