TẬN CÙNG NAM CỰC! Hành Trình Di Cư Hoành Tráng Của Chim Cánh Cụt Hoàng Đế _ MMHD.

At the edge of the earth the wind is not only freezing but seems determined to blow all life away Temperatures dropped below -60 degrees with no rain no snow and no tree shadows There is no spring here—only endless cold and weeks of unbroken darkness Yet right there in the place seemingly impossible for survival a great journey is just beginning Emperor penguins the only creatures that don't flee as winter arrives march into the heart of the cold While all other creatures retreated from the South Pole they advanced They are not searching for life—they are life's very hope Through snow darkness and biting cold nothing can stop them This is not merely a migration but a journey to preserve the species o continue a small miracle in one of the hottest places on Earth The South Pole entered summer after months of darkness and the sun finally reappeared The ships can now head south once more They dare only venture into this icy land during the brief summer months But piercing through the tough hardened ice layer still clinging from winter was far from easy Even with specialized icebreakers the journey to the Southern Ocean remains fraught with danger Gigantic icebergs and violent waves are just a few of the constant threats looming ahead In coastal areas near the sub-Antarctic islands most of the land is no longer covered by ice and snow This place has become a home to countless native animal species harboring an unexpectedly rich ecosystem The narrow strip along the coastline is not only a place of survival but also a battleground for mates and the cradle of new life The Antarctic continent is completely surrounded by a vast ice sheet But that's nothing to the emperor penguin This largest penguin species both in size and weight regards the Southern Polar region as its home a kingdom all its own The gateway to the South Pole is located in Argentina specifically at the southern tip of the country's Tierra del Fuego region The South China Sea is the vital link connecting this region to the rest of the world Among the few destinations here the city of Ushuaia stands out—famous for its remote location far from the national border and often dubbed the world's end Not far from the city the Magellanic penguin breeding season is underway The albatrosses take turns incubating the egg and going out to sea to forage rarely having much time together The Magellanic penguin survives by feeding on fish squid and the abundant krill found in the cold waters of Tierra del Fuego The Le Esquerra Lighthouse located about 8 nautical miles from Ushuaia is considered the last known boundary of the world where humans can survive In contrast this marine area is ideal for animal species due to the abundant food sources within the water South American sea lions often select small rocky islands as resting spots where they relax and sleep before beginning their daily foraging The male spends almost no time relaxing as he must constantly guard and protect his harem Meanwhile the South American black oystercatcher hunts sea snails using its rigid bill to crack open their shells and feast on the flesh within Off the coast of Tierra del Fuego about 2 000 kilometers to the east lies the star Yorkia Typically uninhabited except for a British governor and a handful of scientists the subantarctic islands are virtually deserted At 2 934 meters Nối Paris is the highest peak here More than 160 glaciers on the island flow into the sea However the coastline remains almost unfrozen year-round In this coastal region giant sea cumbers can grow up to 10 meters long swelling like ripe mangoes and providing safe shelter for fish crabs and shrimp Except when the giant Antarctic petrel appears to hunt The emperor penguin is the most prominent and striking resident of Yorkia In the Southern Hemisphere's spring thousands of emperor penguins gather in coastal bays around the island The males arrive first returning to the very site where they nested the previous year When diving into the sea they always act in groups a highly effective survival strategy that helps them avoid underwater predators Emperor penguins are highly social and often hunt in groups preying on fish and squid After diving around 150 times a day they need to find a quiet sandy spot to rest A few weeks after the males arrived the females began to land one by one starting their journey to reunite with their mates During the breeding season Emperor penguins are renowned for their fidelity with each individual forming a bond with only one partner On the southern islets the roosting birds of the Great Wall lack celestial destiny Yet not everyone is fortunate enough to return after long days of hunting at sea Orca whales and other predators always lurk nearby waiting for the perfect moment to strike Some penguins are left standing in desperate hope waiting for their mate to return Their distinctive feathers provide not only warmth but also excellent moisture resistance They spend much of each day grooming the outer layer and applying oil to the fur which helps protect the downy undercoat that retains heat inside And that is a matter of survival in these harsh conditions here But the emperor penguin is not the only resident of this land Every summer the beaches in the south swell with crowds becoming unusually busy A massive herd of walruses blocks the path from the breeding beach to the ocean Only fully grown males possess the distinctive large trunk a readily recognizable trait These giant creatures can weigh up to four tons Young males have not yet developed that proud trunk The nozzle is a particularly striking feature taking an average of eight years to grow large enough to make an impression From a young age sea dragons were taught how to fight and they never hesitated Strength aggression and strategy are crucial factors in territorial and mating battles sometimes determining life or death The earlier you start the better off you'll be Only real combat can forge true warriors And with its massive trunk and fearless spirit on the battlefield the ultimate victor will claim what it desires cluding respect and a harem of fifteen female elephants In reality this place is a rare convergence point for countless animal species whose lives are primarily tied to the open sea The interior of the island consists of sheer cliffs completely covered in snow and appearing utterly unsuitable for life Yet it seems the emperor penguin species particularly favors this land The evidence is that as many as 40 000 individuals gathered together They have a uniquely prolonged reproductive cycle lasting up to 14 months so within a group one can see young ones just a few months old as well as mature individuals searching for mates In winter the small birds are left stranded on the shore waiting anxiously for their parents to return after months at sea hunting for food But now it's summer—the season of birth love and caring for offspring After 14 months the young bird will shed its soft down feathers to grow a waterproof plumage And only then are they ready to plunge into the open sea transforming into independent hunters While a family is still busy raising its young somewhere a lone adult bird has already begun searching for a new mate Once found the courtship ritual officially begins It was a strict ritual that always ended in one way—sautéed It's not an easy task but certainly worth it A nearby Antarctic sealion poses no threat it's simply guarding its harem This creature remains undaunted by bad weather as it spends most of its time underwater But when they come ashore everything revolves around reproduction Fierce battles over territory and mates frequently erupt between penguins and sea lions whenever conflicts arise Meetings between them usually ended at mere curiosity or mutual annoyance After a period of careful observation and assessment both parties will turn and continue on their way Emperor penguins often nest near king penguins This species is renowned for its distinctive chattering call so much so that the Germans call them deceitful penguins They also take advantage of the brief melancholy southern summer to breed Their nests are built from stones and lined with grass And if necessary they aren't shy about stealing rocks from their neighbors' nests They are incubated for about 30 days before hatching Then the chicks remain in the nest for another 30 days raised in warmth and care by their parents and carefully protected from surrounding dangers To raise their offspring to adulthood the parent birds must gather more than 100 kilograms of krill The primary food source is essential for the comprehensive development of young birds They take turns going out to sea to hunt for prey Meanwhile one individual always stays behind to guard and protect the nest The Chentu penguin species only breeds in areas free of snow and ice Each year they return to the same ancestral breeding sites in South Georgia as if marked by memory and instinct Living in harmony with neighbors is essential as the amount of ice-free land on the island is extremely limited Each pair holds onto its own territory At the end of November as summer begins in the Southern Hemisphere the first seal pups are born Yet after just a brief time with their mother they must learn to be on their own The lioness will go out to sea to hunt for many days straight and only returned to the mainland briefly to nurse her calf The little seal pups had grown accustomed to being left behind They huddled together shivering for warmth in the frigid polar cold Occasionally there are still arguments among the grown children but the major battles ended long ago The territory is now clearly demarcated Overall life among the species here proceeds quite peacefully Sea lions walruses and even penguins All have their place in South Georgia Georgia lies at the intersection of the Atlantic Ocean and the Southern Ocean Continuing further south we reach the Saint Louis Islands And finally the Antarctic Peninsula extends deep into the planet's coldest region The weather here is constantly changing Cold winds from the south collide with warm air from the north creating vast areas of low pressure Storms and恶劣 weather are unavoidable challenges that constantly test every expedition even those well-prepared Gradually emerging on the horizon are massive icebergs colossal chunks that have just broken away from the Antarctic continent The tide is now flowing strongly toward the north Icebergs can drift thousands of kilometers carried by winds and tides In summer only 2% of the area temporarily escapes from that snow and ice cover mainly concentrated on the Antarctic Peninsula In areas not covered by snow and ice swifts quietly build their nests on cliffs They are not social birds It is usually reserved for one's sole life partner If both agree on a location that will be where their home is built They only gather to play their instruments during the breeding season o protect the young from predatory birds Due to the lack of suitable vegetation they could only use small stones to build their nests This couple has just begun but at least they've agreed on where to build their nest Love takes a little time but true love will eventually be built While some pairs are incubating eggs many other adults head to the sea to forage for food Across the distant ocean they encountered a group of Adelie penguins the most common penguin species in Antarctica It appears everywhere across the frozen continent Despite their short legs and broad feet it's surprising how swiftly Adélie penguins move across the ground at an average speed of about 2.5 km per hour To reach the offshore hunting trail they sometimes have to walk more than 50 kilometers They often gather in rough seas to easily dive into the deep waters where dangers like submerged rocks may be lying in wait Like all other penguin species they appear rather awkward on land but their streamlined bodies Once again it's a perfect machine beneath the water Their primary food source is Creel a small densely schooling fish found in cold coastal waters That is why here on this frozen continent sentient beings reproduce millions offspring each year The Antarctic Peninsula remains the warmest region where melting ice in summer forms extraordinary and surreal shapes Occasionally a massive ice tabby runs aground near the shore where it may remain for many years until it finally melts o continue their journey of adventure For most ships the Antarctic Peninsula is the final stop The harsh and freezing conditions here making it impossible to proceed further southward or to cross the Gueto Sea even during summer The ice still blocks the path in many places As ice continuously freezes and melts travel conditions change hourly Sea ice begins to form at a temperature of 1.8 degrees Celsius forming a layer of slushy ice crystals which then coalesce into floating ice streams When the sea is rough these ice floes collide with one another forming thick ice plates known as sea biscuits In winter those ice flows become deeper and wider merging into a massive ice shield up to 1 000 km wide encircling the entire continent It wasn't until spring arrived and the ice began to crack that icebreakers could approach this region once again Up until that point about 20 million square kilometers of solid ice still separated this continent from the rest of the world Gueto Bay is dubbed the world's factory of icebergs Huge ice chunks continuously break off from the ice shelf and drift northward Nowhere else on Earth is harsher than this place The desolate scenery is so extreme that life seems impossible Yet right in the place that seems incapable of supporting life lies the home of the emperor penguin They hunt through a hole in the sea ice After spending time at sea these birds begin their journey back to the flock The stretch could be as far as 7 kilometers from the water's edge A long journey for such short legs But they aren't limited to just one way of moving Thanks to their sleek fur and natural oil coating They can glide swiftly across the ice like arrows a skillful belly slide Emperor penguin colonies typically nest far from the coast to avoid the risk of flooding when spring arrives Right here Emperor penguins raise their chicks A risky breeding strategy that often succeeds This utterly desolate land with so few threats allowed the children to grow up relatively safely But like all young birds penguin chicks are always hungry So their parents must continuously bring back large amounts of food Summer in Antarctica is the ideal time to stock up on food as daylight lasts for many hours and as the ice gradually melts The distance to the beach is also shorter They cross back and forth between the herd and the vast ocean repeating the journey without ever tiring Cold seas teem with squid octopus and mollusks Thanks to this abundance adult birds thrive There's always a chance to bring back food for the nestlings Emperor penguins are the only species that spend most of their lives in the harsh Antarctic cold Their bodies are perfectly adapted under the harsh conditions here The loud call is how they recognize their mate and offspring amidst the roar of oceanic noise When both parents had to go out to sea in search of food the young chicks gathered together into a nursery always under the care of adult birds Occasionally giant predators like gulls or albatrosses appear Staying within the group is the safest protection A lost cub may never find its parents again and if that happens it will starve to death Protected within the group the young birds often wander about exploring the world around them As the sun set most of the flock had returned to their nest There beneath the faint glow of the summer night They once again found shelter in their family