波蘭步兵排城鎮防禦戰戰術

Modern combat operations can take place in urban areas and other populated locations. Assessing the protective properties provided by groups of buildings in a settlement is necessary when planning combat operations. Problems associated with conducting combat operations in populated areas are of great importance in the training of troops. This film will introduce you to the methods of preparing for and conducting the defense of a populated area by an infantry squad. Actions of an infantry platoon during the defense of a populated area. The defensive features of the built-up area can be utilized by military units. Concrete and stone structures, along with a system of underground facilities, make it possible to conduct defensive combat even with small forces. When organizing defense in a city, a system of strongpoints is established, interconnected by engineering structures and fire support. An infantry company can defend several buildings that maintain mutual fire coordination. Let us give an example of the deployment of forces during the defense of a city. Let's examine the combat formation of one company. The assembly point of the company's strongpoint includes the strongpoints of individual platoons, two of which are located in the first echelon and one in the second. A infantry squad can defend 2 to 3 buildings of medium size. Within the company strongpoint, the platoon defense positions are located. Infantry fighting vehicle positions are set up nearby. In the same way, tank positions are prepared. Before commencing the organization of defense, the platoon commander, together with the squad commanders and the commanders of the attached support elements, conducts reconnaissance. Reconnaissance must be conducted both outside and inside the building. At the same time, the squad leader briefs the section leaders on the situation and assigns them their tasks. An important issue is determining the method of interaction with the security forces deployed on the forward slope by the second-line platoon, as well as defining the fire sector for each squad. Platoon leaders must know the positioning of adjacent companies within the company defense system. They must also be aware of the possible withdrawal routes for their own units in the event of a maneuver and the areas where subsequent defense will be organized. After clarifying the mission, the unit begins preparations for defense. It is important to remove flammable materials from the rooms. This also provides the defending party with greater operational freedom. At the same time, everything that could facilitate the enemy's entry from outside onto the roof or into the building is removed. First and foremost, these are gutters and lightning rods, as well as external staircases. Barbed wire spirals are used to close off sewer openings and channels. During the preparation of the building for defense, observers and duty firing units are located at the firing positions. An essential part of preparation is shielding windows and other openings from enemy fire and adapting them for defense. One way of carrying out this work is by placing sandbags in the windows. A loophole may be framed with a frame made of wood or another rigid material. The top of window openings on the lower floors of the building must be closed off to prevent grenades from being thrown inside. This can be done using sandbags or mesh. For the same purpose, various makeshift materials can be used, such as pieces of metal fencing. Holes that are not intended for use should be barricaded or walled up. Bricks can also be used to create the openings necessary for defense. Do not use boards for this purpose, but if boards are used anyway, they must be covered with mattresses to protect oneself from wood splinters. As soon as the firing positions are prepared, they should be occupied immediately, regardless of any further work. This increases the readiness of the forward base for defense. Firing positions can also be set up on terraces and balconies. The engagement areas of individual firing units must be closely interrelated with each other and with engineering obstacles. Rooms, corridors, and stairwells that are not intended for use must be barricaded. To combat possible fires, supplies of water and sand should be ensured. All easily flammable surfaces, particularly floors made of artificial materials, should be pre-coated with a protective layer. A sufficient reserve of ammunition, medical supplies, and food should be established in certain easily accessible locations. Basement areas should be reinforced with beams and equipped with air-raid shelters, sanitary stations, and storage facilities for easily flammable items. Permanent observation posts for aerial and ground targets are established on the upper floors of the building and on the attic. Firing positions for snipers are established right here. Consider the system for organizing fire protection vertically within a building. Machine guns and tripod-mounted machine guns are located in the basement. On the first floor: machine guns and handheld grenade launchers. On the following floors are the sniper and observer firing positions. Thus, a multi-layered fire system is created, which is one of the city's defensive elements. The message inside the building must be limited both vertically and horizontally. On stairwells that will not be used during defense, barbed wire obstacles equipped with mines and traps are installed. One of the final actions is barricading the building's entrance doors. Then, holes must be drilled in the walls and floors to facilitate fire control, mutual assistance, supply, and evacuation. These openings are made in both the interior and exterior walls of the building. Supply and evacuation routes are established both horizontally and vertically. Vertical evacuation is carried out using ropes and ladders. Passages in the horizontal plane are installed indoors and between houses. Here is one possible evacuation route scheme. Prepared transitions can also be used for supply, medical assistance, as well as interaction and communication. Drainage systems can also be used as evacuation routes. At the same time as preparing positions inside the building, positions are being prepared outside, intended for tanks and infantry fighting vehicles. The system of organizing fire during city defense is based on the skillful positioning of fire assets, the creation of zones of continuous and multi-layered fire along the forward edge, flanks, and in the depth of the defense. As well as ensuring the ability to concentrate fire on threatening directions. After the tanks and infantry fighting vehicles have taken up their firing positions, prepare alternate positions and ensure evacuation routes. The foundation of the fire system is tank fire, infantry fighting vehicle fire, tank and IFV mounted weapons fire, and infantry small arms fire. The fire system should always be arranged in coordination with engineering obstacles. The defense is ready. Now let us consider one of the possible variants of combat. According to intelligence data, the enemy is approaching the city. The platoon commander personally checks the observation posts, whose task is to observe the forward area and report the appearance of the enemy. The enemy begins an attack, attempting to seize the populated area by surprise. Attacking tanks and infantry are approaching the area occupied by the security forces. Encountering strong resistance, the enemy takes cover and close combat begins. At this moment, the enemy's artillery took up positions. Due to the enemy's superiority, our combat outpost retreats to the prepared positions in the second line of defense on the commander's order. The soldiers of the forward platoon are making their final preparations for defense. The squad leader checks the firing positions and anti-tank weapons once again. The enemy continues intensive shelling, shifting the fire of its zone from the edge of the settlement. The enemy's aviation began to take action. Since the start of the artillery preparation for the offensive, soldiers from our units have been taking shelter in bomb shelters. Observers and duty fire units remain at combat posts. As soon as the enemy's attack is detected, soldiers, upon the commander's signal, leave their cover and rush to their positions to initiate active defense as quickly as possible. There is no time now to deal with the consequences of the enemy air attack. We must meet the enemy with fire. The primary weapon of infantry in combat against tanks is the handheld anti-tank grenade launcher. .foundation The enemy tanks usually operate in conjunction with infantry; therefore, the infantry should be engaged with automatic weapons fire to separate it from the tanks. After the firing positions are occupied, some soldiers begin extinguishing the fire. Fire-fighting measures use pre-prepared means. As required, upon the squad leader's order, soldiers participating in firefighting must be ready to return to their firing positions. The enemy tanks separated from the infantry are destroyed using anti-tank grenades and bottles filled with incendiary mixture. The squad leader observes the objective and directs the fire of standard and assigned fire support systems. A very important task is delivering ammunition to firing positions. For this purpose, pre-prepared supply routes are used. Medical personnel must be ready to quickly provide aid at the firing position and evacuate seriously wounded individuals to the aid station during combat. Evacuation of the wounded is carried out through pre-prepared connecting passages. Despite stubborn resistance, the enemy, using superior firepower, begins to penetrate through the breaches and directly threatens the key positions on the forward edge of the defense. From the moment the enemy stormed the building, the fighting broke down into a series of localized clashes for each building and object. Units defending individual buildings eliminate the enemy at close range with fire and hand grenades. The enemy managed to approach the building and planted explosives. In this case, defense requires readiness for hand-to-hand combat. The breach is sealed. After the first failed attempt, the opponent tries to break into the building through the roof. This time, the attempt proves more successful. The enemy occupies part of the upper floors of the building. In such a situation, the platoon commander decides to carry out a maneuver with part of the forces, switching to a counterattack. As a result of resolute actions, the enemy was driven out of the building. He has suffered heavy losses. The situation remains serious, after all. The enemy managed to disunite the platoon's defense into isolated positions of individual squads and created a threat to the withdrawal routes. The squad leader reports to the company commander and receives permission to carry out the maneuver according to the planned scheme. The groups use pre-prepared escape routes. The security personnel leave the building last. The enemy occupies the abandoned firing positions. To withdraw one's own units, especially those surrounded by the enemy, the network of channels can be used. The discharge may also be carried out via another previously prepared route. In this manner, the squad moves into the area of the new forward position, now located in the second line of defense, and prepares for combat. The company commander may launch a counterattack. If he decides to conduct a maneuvering defense, the enemy will find the squad fully prepared at its new positions from the moment of approach. A fight in a populated area is a difficult engagement requiring thorough preparation and skillful use of available weapons. One must, however, remember that, as in every battle, the decisive factor here is not technique, but the person. His physical and psychological resilience, his will to win, his immense desire to destroy the opponent. Subtitle Editor A. Semkin Proofreader A. Yegorova