牛津数学家兼基督徒，让人看到神的伟大与无所不在。

我非常驚訝的是,今天真正的思想家繼續要求我們選擇神與科學。 這就像是要求人們選擇Henry Ford和工程學作為引擎車的解釋。 哈嘍,大家好,歡迎來到《想不到》。 你接下來聽到的內容絕對非常精彩。 這是牛津大學頂級數學家約翰·倫諾克斯教授 在世界級辯論社團牛津聯盟發表的一場硬核演講。 這場演講的信心密度高到驚人。 他在短短15分鐘裡,正面回應了科學、理性、客觀道德 甚至包括人類最難面對的邪惡與苦難等核心問題。 每一個論點都直擊要害,含金量極高。 讓我們一起來聽一聽這位頂級學者的理性論證。 這位頂級學者給了這個大學的標誌 Dominus Illuminatio Mea 他們看不到信仰神和最佳無理論的辯論之間的矛盾。 如果我敢在這位聖地的大學教授的教堂裡提到我的大學教授 我會提醒你,在大學教堂的教堂門口 在大學教堂門口,寫著 神的作品是最偉大的,是所有人都欣賞的。 我們看一看16世紀和17世紀的科學發展 Alfred North Whitehead和其他人都評論 人們成為了科學家,因為他們期望了自然的法律 他們期望了自然的法律,因為他們相信了神賜予的法律。 所以女士們,我並非羞辱 素信人和科學家的分別 因為理論上,基督教教授給了他們我的主題 但我感到驚訝的是 今天有正確的思想家仍然要求我們 選擇神和科學 這就像是要求人們選擇 由希伯格到工程學 作為一個汽車的解釋 當牛頓發現他的《含地之法》 He didn't say I've got a law, I don't need God No, he wrote the Principia Mathematica arguably the greatest work in the whole history of science because he saw that God is not the same kind of explanation as a scientific explanation God doesn't compete Agency does not compete with mechanism and law Why is there something rather than nothing? Alan Sandage, the brilliant cosmologist who became a Christian in his 50s said God is the answer to that question But people are now so desperate to show that the universe created itself from nothing which seems to me to be an immediate oxymoron If I say X created Y I'm assuming the existence of X to explain the existence of Y If I say X created X I'm assuming the existence of X to explain the existence of X which simply shows that nonsense remains nonsense even if high-powered scientists utter it Reminds me a little bit of G.K. Chesterton who said it is absurd to complain that it is unthinkable for an unthinkable God to make everything out of nothing and then to pretend that it is more thinkable that nothing should turn itself into everything The heavens declare the glory of God says the ancient psalm And we've unraveled a bit of that seeing the fine-tuning of the fundamental forces of nature It's something that's so striking to scientists that it demands explanation And it seems to me that Arno Penzias hit it right He is the Nobel Prize winner who discovered the microwave background on which a lot of the evidence for the Big Bang is based He said astronomy leads us to a unique event a universe which was created out of nothing one with a very delicate balance needed to provide exactly the right conditions required to permit life and one which has an underlying one might say supernatural plan But I want to come to what I think is one of the fundamental arguments for theism I take it this house believes in reason That's why we're all here And as a scientist I believe that the universe is rationally intelligible That is something that has struck some of the geniuses of science as demanding an explanation Einstein said the only incomprehensible thing about the universe is that it's comprehensible And Wigner talked about the unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics How is it that a mathematician thinking in her head in here can come up with equations that seem to fit the universe out there Well, how is it indeed? Because the irony of the atheist position here is evident My atheist friends, and I have many of them tell me that the driving force of evolution which eventually produced our human cognitive faculties reason included was not primarily concerned with truth at all but with survival And we all know, ladies and gentlemen what has often happened and still happens to truth when individuals or commercial enterprises or nations feel themselves threatened and struggle for survival The leading philosopher Alvin Plantinga of Notre Dame says if atheists are right that we are the product of mindless, unguided natural processes then they have given us strong reason to doubt the reliability of human cognitive faculties And therefore inevitably to doubt the validity of any belief that they produce including their atheism Their biology and their belief in naturalism would therefore appear to be at war with each other in a conflict that has nothing at all to do with God Yet my atheist friends still insist that it is rational for them to believe that the evolution of human reason was not directed for the purpose of discovering truth And yet it is irrational for me to believe that human reason was designed and created by God to enable us to understand and believe the truth Curious logic By contrast with that Biblical theism asserts that ultimate reality is personal and intelligent And the reason science works and this was the motivating force that drove the great pioneers of science is that the universe out there and the human mind in here that does the science are ultimately the product of the same intelligent divine mind Human beings are made we are told in God's image And that means that science can be done That makes infinitely more sense to me as a scientist than atheism does Now let me come briefly to ethics Ethical behavior like rational behavior of course does not itself require religious belief This is consistent with the fact that humans are created in God's image as rational moral persons But just as I suggest that rationality cannot be explained without the existence of God So I dare to suggest that the existence of morality cannot be explained either As modern science sprang from Judeo-Christian sources so did the concept of human equality Listen to atheist Jürgen Habermas arguably one of Germany's leading intellectuals He said that universalistic egalitarianism for which sprang the ideals of freedom and a collective life and solidarity the individual morality of conscience human rights and democracy is the direct legacy of the Judaic ethic of justice and the Christian ethic of love This legacy substantially unchanged has been the object of continual critical appropriation and reinterpretation To this day there is no alternative to it Everything else is just idle post-modern talk And it seems to me he's hitting the core of something important Because the value of a human being on which such egalitarianism rests is based not on what the human being can do but what she's made of or how she's made in God's image I never forget speaking on one of my many visits to Russia to a colleague in the Academy of Sciences And he said, you know, John, we thought we could abolish God and retain a value for human beings We found we couldn't And we've murdered millions of them And Alexander Solzhenitsyn has said If I'm asked why is it that 60 million of my fellow countrymen were sacrificed He said the answer is we have forgotten God Science, of course, marvelous as it is, is limited Even a Nobel Prize winner by analyzing a cake cannot tell why it was made But Aunt Matilda, who made it, can tell you She can reveal it to you But if she doesn't reveal it to you you'll never know And that brings me to be my next evidence It's the same with the universe We can analyze it magnificently But ultimately, if it has a maker And I believe it has Only he can tell us what it's all about And he's done so in the powerful narrative of the Bible In particular, in its analysis of the problem with humanity Not simply in terms of behavioral breakdown between people But a vertical breakdown of trust between us and the Creator The unique solution to that problem Is not simply in terms of human ethical development Although that's very important But in terms of something far deeper altogether The restoration of the fractured relationship with God Through the salvation he has brought through Jesus Christ A radical relationship that empowers us To live ethically from God And here we reach what for me is the chief evidence Not only for the existence But the nature of God It is Jesus Christ He it was who not only taught the golden rule But embodied it Fed the hungry Healed the sick and suffering And welcomed society's outcast Brought utter respect to the marginalized and ashamed And he's brought forgiveness and peace To multi-millions around the world He's able to do this, of course Because though he was a man He uniquely never was only a man But God become human The central evidence for this startling claim Is of course his historical resurrection from the dead That launched Christianity in the world This is of course, ladies and gentlemen A crunch issue If Jesus rose from the dead Death is not the end and atheism is false If Jesus did not rise from the dead Christianity is false And I remember at Cambridge as a student Listening to the brilliant Sir Norman Anderson A legal expert going through forensically The evidence from his legal perspective As a brilliant lawyer And he said at the end of it The empty tomb then of Jesus Forms a veritable rock On which all rationalistic theories Of the resurrection dash themselves in vain Just finally now As I read the Bible I do not only find intellectual satisfaction But I find a great deal of that I sense the voice of God speaking to me You see that's intensely personal But ladies and gentlemen We've been asked tonight about belief in God And I want to strongly emphasize That God is not a theory He's a person And if the origination of me qua person Is a personal God Then the most exciting thing really is Is there a possibility of getting to know God And so I don't simply believe there is a God I've come to know him and trust him And I have strong reasons for doing so Because of Christ dying and rising again from me And that has generated in me A sense of utterly unmerited forgiveness Acceptance and peace That has enabled me to face The ugly side of my own nature And with God's help to do something about it But it's enabled me to face something else The hardest problem I face as a Christian Is the problem of evil and pain My niece getting a tumor at 22 that kills her What do I say to my sister And this is the hardest problem we face But it seems to me that atheism here has no answer Because by definition Atheism believes that human death is the end So there is no ultimate hope But you see ladies and gentlemen We could stay here till midnight and beyond Arguing as has been done in this university for centuries What a good God should, might, would, could If not, possibly might, just, could he not have Done and we'll get nowhere So it seems to me there's another question we can ask And it's this Granted that life presents us with a double picture We see some beautiful things We see some ragged edges We see hurt and pain and we see joy How can we come to terms with that And it seems to me here is no simplistic answer But a window into an answer and it's this If it is actually true that Jesus is as I believe him to be the Son of God Then we can ask the question What is God doing on a cross And the answer comes back at the very least God has not remained distant from our human suffering But has become part of it And the other side of that is this Because Jesus rose from the dead He is going to be the ultimate judge Now here's an irony Because atheism has no ultimate hope of justice by definition The vast majority of people in the history of the world Have died without justice and will die without justice And if death is the end Then of course they have no hope of ultimate justice But the promise in the New Testament Guaranteed by the resurrection of Jesus Is that he is to be the judge in the coming day So ladies and gentlemen Those are some of the reasons Why I believe that God is real and worthy to be trusted Thank you 倫諾克斯教授帶我們看到的是 另一種關於現實的解釋 在這裡我們的理性道德和尊嚴 都有一個神聖的源頭 最重要的是這個源頭所代表的上帝 他親自步入了我們的痛苦 並且用復活向這個不完美的世界保證 歷史的終點一定有公義和盼望在等待著我們 信仰不是逃避現實也不是自我安慰 那種被寬恕被接納被愛的平安 不是科學能給的 卻真實的改變了無數人的生命 好了我們今天的影片就到這裡 感謝你的觀看 如果你也在這場思想的洗禮中有所觸動 歡迎在評論區留下你的思考 我們下期再見 拜拜