【ゆっくり解説】なぜ日本史にイスラム教は出てこないのか！？

I'm Yukkuri Reimu. I'm Yukkuri Marisa. In Japan, there's a saying that only 1% of the population is Christian, right? Then how many people are Muslim? According to the survey, there are about 230,000 Muslims living in Japan in 2020. Of these, about 47,000 people are Japanese or married and have an A-level qualification, so it's about 0.0002%. I imagined it, but it's really small. If it's limited to people with Japanese or A-level qualifications, it's very small. Why is Islam such a distant religion for Japanese people? There are various factors and history behind it. Today, let's look at why Islam does not appear in Japanese history. It's connected to the modern world from there. Well then, take your time. What is Islam? In the 7th century BC, Muhammad, a prophet in the Arabian Peninsula, It is said that Buddhism began because he was given the title of God through an angel. It is one of the three major religions in the world with the same roots as Judaism and Christianity. That's right. It's about the same God. Islam is the only religion that obeys Allah. It is a summary of the words of God revealed to Muhammad. It is said that Muhammad, the prophet, received revelation from God through the angel Jibreel for 23 years. The summary is the Koran. Angel Jibreel? Is it about Gabriel? It's really the same God. That's why the Koran is the word that Allah spoke. In this Koran, which is the word of God, It contains various things such as the foundation of the way of life in the relationship between God and humanity and human society, Prohibition of worship, distinction between halal and halal, and discrimination between good and evil, It is the source of the faith of Muslims. According to the Koran, various rules and regulations are decided, right? That's right. Especially there is something called Hadith, This is a record of the guidance of the prophet Muhammad who conveyed the word of God to people. It is a criterion for judging when things that are not mentioned in the Koran are confused, It is respected as a model for Muslims. I see. So Muhammad is a model. It also has the meaning of the right path, which is called Sharia. There is a law of Islam that prohibits the speech of the Koran and the prophet Muhammad. Islamic law? I don't have a very good image. Islam is the only religion that follows the teachings of Allah. It is called a Muslim. Muslims are obligated to follow the five basic practices, which are the confession of faith, worship, prayer, fasting, and pilgrimage to the Holy Land, as well as to follow the rules and regulations set by Allah. Anyway, I have a tough image. Rather than the form of faith, it is important to practice the spirit and practice of the Qur'an, and to show obedience to God in our daily actions. Also, even if Muslims are obligated, they are accepted to deepen their spiritual growth and bond with God, and should be happy to do so. I see. Because it is important to practice to grow yourself, it may look tough. Among them, the five basic practices are the basic thoughts and actions of a Muslim. Muslims are obligated to follow the six basic practices, which are the confession of faith, the five basic practices, and the five basic practices. Muslims are also forbidden to avoid food and to follow the rules of worship. Everything is a practice of faith. What is the confession of faith? Allah is the only absolute God. Angels are the servants of God. The Quran is the record of God's voice. Prophets are people who convey the words of God. The next life is the resurrection and the life after death. Heaven and hell are the destinies of God. You're talking about the resurrection and the life after death even in Islam. The five basic practices are to believe in God, to pray five times a day for worship, to give to the poor those who are poor, to fast for a month during the month of Islam, and to go to the holy land once in a lifetime. Fasting is famous. It is also called Ramadan. Ramadan is the ninth month in Islamic history. For about a month, Muslims are forbidden to drink water or eat anything from sunrise to sunset. Also, abstinence and sexual activity are also prohibited. Why do we have to fast? Ramadan is the month when the first warning of the Quran was issued. For Muslims, Ramadan is not just a meal, but the most sacred month to deepen their faith away from greed and evil. It is also a time when people who are not blessed taste the pain of hunger and thirst equally regardless of their status, and support donations. Is it also a time to do charity at the same time as fasting? The meals during this period are usually taken before dawn every Sunday. During Ramadan, Muslims and non-Muslims eat at mosques all over the world, and after worship, everyone shares a meal. Some mosques hold events to deepen the understanding of Islam during the Ramadan period. Because it's a time for everyone to share, Muslims and non-Muslims eat together. But I can't. Fasting is one of the obligations, but old people, heavy workers, pregnant women, women who are breastfeeding during menstruation do not have to fast. In addition, during the short period of travel, when Ramadan overlaps, some people may look back on fasting on another day. It's a pretty good figure. Well, it's because I thought it would be hard for people to suffer. Muslim churches start fasting from the age of 6 to 7. It is said that at first, they gradually get used to it until noon. When Ramadan is over, a big festival is held called Eid. I want to participate in only that festival! Worship is considered to be the most important and noble act among the five. Muslims are forced to pray within the time limit on a five-day schedule. If worship is a pure, clean place, it is allowed to be performed in any place, Worshipping in a noisy place such as a place where people get in the way or a club is prohibited. This is also famous for being a Muslim. Before worship, they perform a purification called Ubud. They follow the prescribed order and wash their feet, face, etc. with water to purify themselves. On Fridays, men are forced to do group worship and are recommended to gather in mosques. The larger the group, the more they are praised by Allah and are said to gain benefits. That's why a lot of people gather and worship. Worship is an act that is only allowed for Allah. Therefore, worship is not allowed even for prophets and imams who should be worshipped. The worship of statues is also prohibited. In Christianity, you don't pray for Jesus. You can't worship something like a cross or a statue. Worship is held five times a day, facing towards Kibra during the designated time. Kibra is the direction of the Kaaba Temple in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The time of worship is determined by the movement of the sun, so it varies in countries and regions. You can check by looking at the worship schedule, and recently you can easily check it with a mobile app. Even in a place like this, high-tech is advancing. History of Japan and Islam Let's take a look at the history of Japan and Islam from here. In pre-war Japan, both Indonesia and Islam were interested. The reason for this was the interest in Southeast Asia and Islam, based on the ideas of the Daito-wa. There are many countries in Asia that have a lot of Islamists. Many intellectuals at the time, such as Yukichi Fukuzawa, aimed to de-annualize and Westernize. The Meiji Restoration began with the consciousness of becoming a partner of one country. The Meiji Restoration's starting point was that the attention to Europe was too strong and the interest in Asia and Islam was low. The focus is on Christianization. Yukichi Fukuzawa himself went to Europe at the end of the war and moved by ship, so he passed through the Suez Strait of Egypt on the way. At that time, he visited Egypt a little, but it seems that Cairo used to be a very prosperous city. Now it has fallen, and there is no trace of it anymore. Well, even if you talk about history from 3,000 years ago. After all, the target for the Japanese at the time was Europe and Western civilization. On the other hand, Egypt was thought to be an era where ancient civilization existed and was perceived as a thing of the past. It was just a historical value. However, little by little, the interest in Islam grew. In the Taisho era, the Koran was first translated into Japanese. The translation of the Koran was made in an era when most Muslims were not in Japan, which is very early compared to the translation situation of other countries. That's right. I don't think there are many Japanese in Kyoto. I think there are various reasons for that, but it can be argued that the knowledge of the Japanese at the time was strong because they wanted to learn various foreign texts. And the other is the research promotion by the government. You had the idea that you should study the Islamic state. However, what is well known as the first exchange with Islam is the relationship with the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Abdulhamid II, and the episode of El Pulgó, who was dispatched from Turkey. What is the episode of El Pulgó? At the end of the 19th century, Emperor Abdulhamid II of the Ottoman Empire, who was suffering from an unfair treaty with the European monarchy, and the promotion of a joint treaty with Japan, which was in the same position as Meiji Ishingo, and the purpose of the 20th year of Meiji, for example, to pay tribute to the Turkish visit of Prince Komatsu and Prince Sinnoh, planned the dispatch of the Shinsen Shisetsudan. Did the Turks also sign an unfair treaty? The Shinsen Shisetsudan was appointed by General Emin Osman, and El Pulgó, the brigadier general of the Shisetsudan, was selected. On July 14, Meiji 22, El Pulgó, who left the port of Istanbul, arrived at Yokohama Port on June 7, Meiji 23. It must have been a great ship because it was the Shisetsudan's ship. General Osman, who was appointed by Emperor Abdulhamid II of the Ottoman Empire, gave a gift of the highest rank of the Turks entrusted to him by Emperor Meiji, and passed it on to Emperor Io, who was the emperor of both countries. In response, Emperor Meiji gave a medal to the Shisetsudan. What? The Japanese side was also very popular with the Turks. The Shisetsudan stayed in Tokyo for a few months, and was welcomed by the people. On September 15, Meiji 23, the Shisetsudan left Yokohama Port and arrived at the port of Kikoku. The Japanese authorities thought that El Pulgó was a poor wooden ship due to the typhoon in September, so they proceeded to repair it before departure, but General Osman did not want to be late, so he left on the same day as planned. I have a bad feeling about this. On September 16, the next day after leaving Yokohama Port, El Pulgó made a public appearance in Kusimoto Town, but encountered a typhoon from the port of Tokai, and lost the freedom of navigation due to the fierce waves and strong winds, and was immediately brought to Kashinozaki, and was hit by a shipwreck that was feared by sailors from ancient times. It was a typhoon after all. The seawater imported from the Sentai Hasonbu caused a mechanical explosion, and 587 people, including General Osman's navy, died, leaving only 69 survivors. If only Japan had stopped the typhoon... In response to this disaster, the people of Oshima at that time resorted to rescue, care, and medical care for the survivors. As a result, a large amount of funds from all over Japan, as well as supplies, were brought in for the disaster. Wow. That's a great story. After 69 survivors were treated in Kobe, on October 5 of the same year, Hiei arrived at the port of Kikoku by the navy of the Japanese Navy, and on January 2, 1924, he arrived in Istanbul safely, and was greeted with gratitude from the heart of the Turkish people. You were able to return to Turkey safely with the Japanese people and the government. Then time flew by, and on March 17, 1985, when the Iran-Iraq War was still going on, President Saddam Hussein of Iraq 48 hours later, he announced that he would attack a plane flying in the air of Iran indiscriminately. It flew like crazy. The Japanese who lived in Iran tried to go to the airport in Tehran in a hurry, but no plane was able to board in full. No way... What about Japanese airlines? All over the world, they put out rescuers to rescue their own people, but the dispatch of rescuers from Japan was delayed for reasons such as not being able to ensure the safety of the airport, and the Japanese at the airport were on the run. You can't go back to Japan, or you can't stay in a country in the middle of a war. At that time, it was the Turkish Republic that extended a helping hand. With the help of the rescuers from Turkey, 215 Japanese people managed to escape Iran. That was just an hour before the time limit. But wouldn't that put the Turkish people in trouble? At that time, many Turkish people were living in Tehran, so they provided aircraft to the Japanese, and the Turkish people evacuated on land. Did you give the aircraft to the Japanese? Later, Turkish Ambassador Neziatutkan said that the Turkish people have not yet forgotten the hard work of the Japanese in the El Pulgo accident. When I was in elementary school, I learned from a history textbook. Even children in Turkey know about El Pulgo. It's just that Japanese people don't know about it now. So, to help the troubled Japanese, the Turkish aircraft flew. I'm so moved that I'm about to cry. It's an El Pulgo incident that goes back to the present day like this, but at the time of the incident, it also aroused deep sympathy between the Ottoman Empire and Islam among the Japanese. At that time, there was a campaign to support the families of the victims in the domestic media. Noda Shotaro and Yamada Torajiro headed for Turkey to deliver the alimony. The old Japanese were kind. These two are said to be the first Japanese to disappear into Islam, but no records have been found of their fasting and pilgrimage. The first Japanese Muslim to fulfill his pilgrimage was Koutarou Yamaoka, and according to the pilgrimage record published in 1912, he also spent his daily life in Islam after his pilgrimage. The connection here is whether the Japanese were the first Muslims. And from the necessity to promote a policy to make Asian countries centered on Japan, such as the East Asian region, as a colony, there was a movement to study Islam. The famous one is Shumei Okawa, a philosopher who started as an Indian researcher. What kind of research did you do? He founded a full-fledged research institute to study Islam, and it has recently become clear that he was recruiting spies. It seems that he was sending spies to Indonesia, Malaysia, and Cambodia, collecting local information, and forming a collaborative team with people who would become allies of Japan. So he did research on Islam and Muslims to send them as spies. It's a long way from the spirit of El-Purul. The oldest mosque in Japan is said to have been built in 1935. This was built mainly by Indian Muslims. In Tokyo, it was built mainly by Tatar Muslims in 1938. Tatar? Tatar is a Turkish community, and they are people who came to Japan after the Russian Revolution. It seems that the Tatar Muslims and the Japanese military and politicians, and the taxes were building a network, and it is said that the Muslims received support as part of the reform. Maybe he wanted to get in touch with the Tatar people because he wanted to get involved in the Russian Revolution. After Japan tried to dominate China, the Japanese military and government had a strong interest in the Muslims on the continent, from before the war to during the war. After the war, the interest in Islam, which had been researched by the government, was completely cut off. Hmm. The research was over when there was no need because it was done by the government. Although there was a record of research on Islam in Japan, it is said that GHQ took it to the United States. After that, the impression that it was an oil-producing region due to the oil shock in the 1970s, and the negative image that it was a war-torn area and that terrorists were everywhere. Now that you can't get the right information, you only have a bad image from the negative news. Why is Islam a far-reaching religion? A region with a large number of Muslims is geographically far from Japan, and there are few historical connections. On the other hand, Europe is adjacent to a region with a high percentage of Muslim population across the Mediterranean, and workshops between Christians and Muslims, such as the Crucifixion Army and the Reconquista, have been held. I don't know much about the Crucifixion Army. The Crucifixion Army was founded in the late 11th to early 13th centuries, during a period of about 200 years, during which the Christian Church carried out a military expedition to recapture Jerusalem from the Islamic Church. During the period of about 200 years, seven expeditions were carried out, and in the meantime, the initial religious purpose of recapturing the Holy Land changed in various ways, resulting in many tragedies. Did they take over Jerusalem from each other? In the 11th century, the Turkish-based Islamic king Seljuq took over the Anatolian Peninsula, threatening the Eastern Roman Empire. Therefore, Alexios I of the Eastern Roman Empire asked the Roman Pope Urbanus II for reinforcements. Are you going to send troops to the pope because you're recapturing the Holy Land? Although it was a request for reinforcements, it was a great opportunity for the Roman Pope to show off his position. That's because at that time, the Eastern Roman Empire had a power struggle between the Roman Empire and the Roman Pope. Therefore, in order to show off his own power, the Roman Pope formed a cross army. Was Jerusalem that important? Speaking of Jerusalem, the founder of the Church of Christ Jesus Christ taught it, and after it was written in the Law of Attachment, the Holy Land was revived. And for the Islamic Church, it was the place where the founder Muhammad went to the temple overnight. Because they were originally the same god. The place is similar, isn't it? In other words, it was a very important holy place for both religions. Therefore, the great virtue of recapturing the Holy Land is that the Roman Pope concentrates the attention of the people on himself, so it was a great opportunity to show off his leadership. Well, I feel like I'm being used by the Roman Pope. In addition, the participants of the cross military expedition were given the honor of exemption, in other words, exemption from the punishment of sin, which also boosted the morale of the knights. Wow. The Pope is doing more and more black things. The cross military expedition brought a huge number of victims and a huge amount of money. However, with each expedition, the power of the popes, who had been in power until now, was gradually lost, and the power of the king, who led the expedition, began to increase. As a result, Western Europe developed into an era of absolute prosperity. Isn't it just a negative aspect? In addition, a small number of countries, such as Italy and Florence, which they passed through, developed. Islamic countries and Eastern European trade became active, and it is said that the low-income economy became the trigger for rapid development. The cross military not only fought, but also carried culture and supplies. There is also a history of Muslim-occupied areas becoming European colonies. European countries such as France and the United Kingdom have historically divided their colonies into Islamic areas, and made immigration policies after the war. This is still a big problem. Some have divided the areas that were connected by the Islamist religion into colonies, and later established a convenient alliance. That is the current border, but the production of colonies in Arab countries is not over yet. Therefore, the proposal to solve this problem works as justice in the Islamic world. Because it is a country that has been divided on its own, it means that it will be re-established again. In addition, the immigration policy after the war was not good. It was called as a measure against lack of labor, and it was tried to continue to use it as a convenient low-income labor force. Oh, that's a painful story. For the people of Arab countries, it is unreasonable to say that division by population is not produced, It easily connects as one thing. Because both were done by Europe on their own. It was Europe that brought negative things to the Islamic state. Among them, there are still problems in the regions that have achieved independence, especially the issue of immigration and refugees to the former Soviet Union. Because it is possible to move from Europe to the Middle East, people living around the Mediterranean, including prejudice and hostility, have the experience of touching Muslims, and have accumulated knowledge of Islam. Fufu, so you have both good and bad images as knowledge. However, Japan has been aiming for a return to international society such as Meiji Restoration, modernization, Westernization, and post-war reconstruction, but that international society pointed to Western countries. The consciousness among the people was that it was only by acquiring Western things that it would become a country. That's right. Isn't it still weak to Western culture? However, it is not a phenomenon that is seen only in Japan, but also in the Middle East, so it has been a problem for a long time as to how to connect the West with Islam, but since the West has been emphasized in Japan, the interest in Islam has been lost. Even on the Islamic side, the attention to Japan was low. In addition, religious cultures are given differently. Islam is the only religion that believes in Allah, has a set of rules, and has a strong Muslim consensus. Japanese are very clear about religion. There are more voices saying that Muslims are much more friendly than Japanese, and there are only a small number of people who have a negative attitude towards other religions. However, when there is news that Muslims are still being harmed, the more repulsion there is from Muslims, the stronger the world-wide consensus. That's right. When another Islamic country becomes involved in the conflict, other countries rebel, and when the teachings of Muslims are taken for granted, various Islamic powers give their opinions. On the other hand, in Japan, it is difficult to judge whether individual differences are a kind of religious or established religious consciousness. I don't think you're dating a religion like this, or you're dating a religion, but for Japanese people who accept religious things as a habit, it looks like there's something cool about Islam, and I think it's hard to understand. Does that mean all Muslims look like believers? But that's not true. How can we understand Muslims? So it's important to check the situation first. Globalization makes people and things, information, move at an extremely fast rate, and it's always changing. This kind of situation is easy to cause confusion, but if you use it well, you can have knowledge that you've never had before. That's right. You can see so many things that Japanese people before the war could not imagine on one smartphone now. That's right. It's a good thing for religion and culture. Japanese people say that they are tolerant of religion because they are polytheists, but that's not the case. Rather, they eliminate what they can't accept. That's right. That's why cults and religions wear the skin of their existing religion. From the perspective of someone who believes in a religion, it's not rational that that person is doing it religiously, and it looks weird. It's because it's not rational that it's a religion. It's not good to deny that. But I want Muslims to be tolerant, too. You know, they're arguing about painting and stuff. Muslims believe in the resurrection of the dead, so the cremation is NG. If you can't give up here, you should come up with a good plan. Japan's cremation is also a matter of soil. That's right. It's not that Japanese people are doing cremation religiously, it's a matter of sanitary conditions on Japanese soil. There is an Islamic law in Islam, but as it is separated separately, law and religion should be separated firmly. There are a lot of Muslims who are used to coming to Japan now. That's right. India is the country with the most Muslim population now. So maybe the Indian curry shopkeeper that Reimu likes is a Muslim. That's a problem if you don't stay in Japan. So don't be too pessimistic. I want to expect that Japanese people will be able to date Muslims positively. There was a time when we helped each other like El Pulgo, so we should definitely understand each other. So that's it for this explanation. 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