동아시아의 패자 발해, 건국부터 멸망 후 발해인의 행방까지 한편으로 몰아보기 발해의 역사 통합본

Hello, this is History Buzzer. When we talk about Korean history, we usually start with Goryeo Dynasty, and talk about Goguryeo, Baekje, Silla, and Goryeo Dynasty. But there are some countries that we should be sad about. I think the country that we should be sad about the most is Barae. If we were to pick one of the most popular kings in Korea's history, Barae would be the only one to be chosen. He is the coolest name in Korea's history. In 668, the capital of Goguryeo, Pyongyang, was besieged by Dangnara, and Goguryeo was destroyed. Dangnara tried to replace Goguryeo's former territory with Dangnara by installing Andong Dohobu in Pyongyang, but the resistance of Goguryeo's people was not easy. According to a report posted by Lee Se-jeok, the commander-in-chief of Dangnara, who destroyed Goguryeo, there were 11 fortified castles in Dangnara, 3 forcibly occupied castles in Dangnara, 7 empty castles in Dangnara, and 11 unfortified castles in Dangnara. Andong Dohobu proved that Goguryeo did not take over the entire territory. Although Goguryeo's expansion was subverted by internal division, in 675-676, when Silla won the Nadang War, Dangnara was no longer able to exert influence on the Korean Peninsula, and in 676, Andong Dohobu moved from Pyongyang to the Amnok River, and this fortification itself became famous. Although Andong Dohobu was formally established, Dangnara's domination of the Amnok River and the Duman River was weak, and the territory of Silla was up to the Daedong River, so when the Korean Peninsula was in the north and Manchuria, it was actually an ungoverned state. Many nomadic peoples lived in Manchuria, but when Goguryeo existed, they were all subjugated to Goguryeo. However, as Goguryeo disappeared, these nomadic peoples, especially the Georan and Malgals, rose to power in the name of the tribe unit. Among them, in the western part of Yohai, that is, in the western region of Yoseo, Dangnara had an administrative area called Yeongju, and the proportion of residents here was overwhelmingly Georan. However, when the administration of Dangnara, which was the capital of Yeongju at the time, carried out a very discriminatory and violent campaign against the Georan, the angry Georan tribes rose up in Yeongju based on Lee Jin-chung and his son, Son Man-hyeong. Lee Jin-chung and Son Man-hyeong killed Cho Mun-hye, and in 696, when they gathered the Georan and took over Yeongju, even the government of Dangnara could not effectively stop them, and there was a great chaos in the Yoseo Yodong region. In the midst of this chaos, Goguryeo people and Malgals moved to the east, and the people who led the forces were Geolgeol and Geolsab. Geolgeol is the father of Daejo, but why were they in Yeongju? In 668, after the destruction of Goguryeo, Dangnara imposed a policy of forcing Goguryeo people to move to China in order to cut off the resistance of Goguryeo people. There were several ethnic minorities, including the Malgals, and they were all forced to move to China with Goguryeo people. Perhaps Geolsab and Geolgeol moved to Yeongju at this time. In Yeongju, when Goguryeo people and Malgals moved to China, there were a lot of ethnic minorities because it was like a gateway to China. If the person who led the Goguryeo people in Yeongju was Geolgeol, the person who led the Malgals was Geolsab. There is a similarity between the names of Geolgeol and Geolsab, so you may be wondering if the two have changed their last name but the relationship between the two has not been revealed yet. When the Geolans rebelled against Lee Jin-chung and there was chaos in Yeongju, Geolgeol led the Goguryeo people, Geolsab led the Malgals and escaped from Yeongju. The last name of Geolgeol is Dae, but some records do not say that it is Dae. If Geolgeol is the father of Daejo, of course, the last name of Geolgeol is Dae. The last name of Geolgeol is Dae, which is a Chinese record. The last name of Geolgeol is really hidden in the veil. If he was a person who had his own position in the Goguryeo society before the Goguryeo period, there must be a record, or at least his origin should be written, but there is no record of what kind of person Geolgeol was before the Goguryeo period. Still, considering that he led the Goguryeo people, he was a person with leadership, and he was a person of Goguryeo. Geolsab was also the leader of the Malgals, so the Malgals must have followed Geolsab. There is nothing certain about Geolgeol and Geolsab, but it would be good to believe that the two are the leaders of the Goguryeo Malgals. There are people who know Geolsab as the same generation as Daejo because Daejo was so popular in the KBS drama. Of course, we can't know the exact year of birth, but if we only look at the generation, Geolsab was the same generation as Geolgeol, that is, to Daejo, he was the father. Geolgeol and Geolsab were actually in a state of blank, and they were in the age of monotheism. It is questionable where Geolgeol and Geolsab first arrived, but according to some records, it was near the river called Daeseokha in the northeast of Mount Paektu. The party government appointed Geolgeol as Jin Gukgong, Geolsab as Heo Gukgong, that is, he was appointed as a son-in-law, so at first he was going to marry. The gesture that the party government wanted to appoint Geolgeol as the son-in-law of Jin Guk means that Geolgeol had already set up a primitive form of government, and that he named it Jin Guk. We know that Daejo established Jin Guk from the beginning, but the previous government had already wiped out the foundation of Geolgeol. Meanwhile, Geolsab refused to appoint Geolgeol as his son-in-law. There is no record that Geolgeol refused, but it seems that Geolgeol also refused to appoint his son-in-law because the party government immediately dispatched a pursuit force. Or Geolgeol may have died before he refused. We don't know the exact time of Geolgeol's death, but Geolgeol had already died of illness before the pursuit force from the party country came. As Geolgeol's son-in-law was refused, the party government immediately dispatched a pursuit force. The general commander of the pursuit force was Lee Hae-goo, the eldest son-in-law of the party country from Georan. Lee Jin-chung and his brother-in-law Son Man-young, who were directly involved in the incident where Geolgeol and Geolsab were able to escape from Yeongju, killed Cho Moon-hae, the son of Yeongju, and destroyed Yeongju Castle. Lee Hae-goo was the head of Son Man-young. Lee Jin-chung died of illness shortly after the rebellion, and Son Man-young was in charge of the opposition forces. However, Lee Jin-chung's son complained to Geolgeol, who was in the north, asking why Son Man-young was not in charge of Georan, but himself. Here, the party government proposed a political deal to attack Son Man-young from Geolgeol, and Geolgeol attacked Son Man-young and gave a big blow. The party government, which was relieved by Geolgeol's attack, also set up a pursuit force of its own to attack Son Man-young, but it was Lee Hae-goo who carried out this operation, not Son Man-young. Son Man-young and Lee Hae-goo advanced near Beijing, but the Geolgeol attacked them again, and in 697, the Georan rebellion was wiped out in a year, and Son Man-young escaped and was killed by his subordinates. And Lee Hae-goo surrendered to the party government. Even if he was an enemy of Seolleong, the party government, which was open to the surrender of the people, appointed Lee Hae-goo. When Geolgeol and Geolsabiu tried to form a government of their own by uniting Goguryeo people and Malgals, the party government ordered Lee Hae-goo to be executed in 698. After the death of Geolgeol, Geolsabiu, who led the Goguryeo People's Malgal Union Government, died in a fight with Lee Hae-goo's pursuit force. Now that Geolsabiu is dead, the Goguryeo People's Malgal Union Government is led by Daejo, who is recorded as the son of Geolgeol. After the defeat of Geolsabiu, Daejo, who judged that he could no longer be based on the original, tried to lead the group and go further east. Rather than running away, Daejo thought it was a priority to repel the pursuit force, so he lured Lee Hae-goo's pursuit force into a deep valley called Cheonmulnyeong. The specific development process of the Cheonmulnyeong battle is not recorded anywhere, and Lee Hae-goo's pursuit force was greatly defeated by Daejo's army in Cheonmulnyeong, and Lee Hae-goo barely escaped. So the decisive battle to establish a new country was this Cheonmulnyeong battle. The party country could no longer send additional pursuit forces, but the relationship between the party and the government of the Goguryeo People's Malgal Union Government was distorted, so it occupied Yeongju-dang and was engaged in an international war with the party country, so the party-country government was blocked from sending troops to Daejo's army. In 698, Daejo and his army arrived in Donhwa, Gilrim-seong, China, and decided to help Dongmo Mountain Daejo, who was supposed to lead the Goguryeo People's Malgal Union Government, was forced to keep his name as Jin-guk because he wanted to be the successor of the Goguryeo People's Malgal Union Government. However, Daejo wanted to get away from his father's influence, and in order to become the successor of the country, he changed his name to Barae because if he kept his name as Jin-guk, he would become the successor of his father, not himself. So he changed his name to Barae. And in Barae, Daejo is also called Gohang. When the news of the founding of Barae spread to East Asia, Goguryeo people and other ethnic minorities in Manchuria gathered together, and the size of Barae gradually increased. In Yudugong's Barae-go, Daejo became the eldest son of Goguryeo early, and it is recorded that he was very brave and good at horse riding and archery. And according to the Gu Dangseo, a Chinese record, it is said that he moved to Yeongju with his family when Goguryeo was destroyed. However, like his father, Daejo has all the records of Goguryeo's destruction. We don't know the birth year of Daejo, but let's make a reasonable guess. Gohang Daejo founded Barae in 698, so it was exactly 30 years after the destruction of Goguryeo in 668. In order for one person to establish a country, in reality, the age range would be from the late 20s to the 40s. Given the fact that Daejo's reign lasted 21 years and the average age at the time, the age of Daejo at the time of the founding of Barae should be seen as the late 20s or the 40s. Then, around the time when Goguryeo was destroyed, Daejo was not even born, or was just born, or was about 10 years old. It would be difficult for 10 years to be the longevity of Goguryeo, right? There are various interpretations of the word Byuljong. So there are many questions about how much Daejo is related to Goguryeo, and there are also people who suspect that Daejo is related to Goguryeo. Daejo emphasized Goguryeo and founded Barae in order to suggest that Goguryeo was established when Goguryeo was founded, and to show that Goguryeo was established when Baekje was founded. It can also be interpreted as an extension of the people's ideology. The Barae territory of Daejo was anyway inhabited by a minority of Goguryeo and Goguryeo people, and in order to attract all of them, Goguryeo had no choice but to be established on purpose, right? In fact, when Barae was founded, Goguryeo people and minorities from other regions entered Daejeo Barae. Barae has an internal administrative system at a fairly fast rate, but this is because it was only 30 years after Goguryeo was destroyed, and the Goguryeo ruling class, which still remained a lot, was moved to Daejeo Barae. The Malgals who founded the country together were only a small number, and most of the Malgals were the non-ruling class of Barae. So, among the people from Barae, there are many people who were Goguryeo's most universal sages. However, the Barae of Daejo was only a newly established country, and after the Barae of Daejo, it was established as a country that improved Goguryeo. Barae is a country created by the Goguryeo people and the Malgals. However, there were a total of 9 tribes in Barae. The Malgals who participated in the Barae reign were the Songmal Malgals. Most of the other Malgals were also imported to Barae, but the Malgals who opposed the Barae regime the most were the Heuksumalgals, who now live in Vladivostok. Heuksumalgals recognized Barae as a very threatening country, and the Barae, which was between the party and the Heuksumalgals, was under political pressure from both sides. According to records, the king of Barae said to the nobles, Heuksumalgals first lent us a way to communicate with the party country, and last time they asked us for money, they all told us first. But now they asked for the management of the party country, but they didn't tell us, so they're trying to attack us from the front and back with the party country. In the party country, Heuksumalgals openly dispatched the party country management. I'm sure it wasn't annoying because Goguryeo appeared again and tried to exert influence in Manchuria. The king of Barae sent his son Daedorihaeng to the party country, and first of all, he tried to coordinate the relationship between Barae and the party country. Rather than the king of Barae trying to bow his head to the party country, the king of Barae was trying to hit the weaker Heuksumalgals, and the party country was trying to hold the party country in a diplomatic way so that it could not save Heuksumalgals. The king of Barae was preparing Heuksumalgals, but Barae, the leader of Heuksumalgals, seems to have divisions between strong and weak. The king of the king of Mu was a very strong philosopher, and the brother, the great Mu-Nye, who was appointed as a commander of the king of Mu, was a strong supporter of the leader. The Heuksumalgals themselves were not the problem, but if you touch Heuksumalgals, it's touching the party country, and now it's very dangerous for Barae, who just got a territory, to wreak havoc on the party country. If Heuksumalgals asked for the management of the party country and we attacked, If we attack, it will be a thorn in the side of the party. The party country is a big country, and the military is 10,000 times more than us. If we make a deal with them, we will soon be ruined. It is worth saying that the old Goguryeo fought against the party country with 300,000 soldiers in its heyday, but when the party country's soldiers were defeated once, they swept the land away. Now, our soldiers are only a third of Goguryeo, so it is impossible for the king to break their will. However, the decision of the king was firm. The king forced Wonjung to Daemun, but he realized the unrealistic nature of Wonjung and rebelled. When the angry king tried to arrest Daemun, Daemun was exiled to the party country as it was. The king asked the king to send Daemun to the emperor Hyeonjong of the party country or to kill him, but Hyeonjong of the party said he would send Daemun far away, and he was ensuring the safety of Daemun. The king said, How can a country like the party country give up its faith? The king expressed his displeasure to Hyeonjong of the party country. In this way, the relationship between the party country and the party country is getting worse. The party country needed a political alliance. It was a country that had just been founded, so there were not many allies, and the relationship between the party country and the Black Forest was distorted, and there was a conflict with Silla because of the perception that Silla was the country that destroyed Goguryeo. The only thing left was Japan. Japan was not bad with Goguryeo. In 727, the king of Barae, Mu, sent a messenger to Japan for the first time. At this time, the messengers fled to Hokkaido after encountering a rough storm, but they were attacked by Ainu, the natives of Hokkaido, and a few of them escaped and arrived in Kyoto, which was the capital of Japan. Since then, Barae and Japan have maintained a good relationship until Barae was destroyed. The reason why Japan welcomed Barae's request without much hesitation is because Japan also recognized Barae as an extension of Goguryeo. At this time, in the letter that Mu sent to Japan, Barae said that he had recovered Goguryeo's old land and had become a descendant of Buyeo, and he emphasized Barae's founding concept and identity, and Japan also called Barae the king of Goryeo when expressing the king of Barae. And in the early Japanese period of the Japanese imperialist record, the visit of Goguryeo's messengers was stopped on the day of the attack of the party country, and it was re-established in 727. Meanwhile, the relationship between the party country and Barae was getting farther and farther away. Mu and Barae were getting angry at each other in their own way, and Barae sent a letter to Mu, but the content was close to threatening. Mu, who also signed a national treaty with Japan, immediately prepared for war. First of all, Mu realized that the existing capital, Dongmo-san, was geographically and administratively insufficient as a capital, and he moved the capital to Hyeondeok-bu, the western castle of Heoryong-si, near the Joseon Dynasty. Mu thought Goguryeo was one of the reasons why he was attacked by the party country, and he thought it was because it was too successive. The fight between Goguryeo and the party country of Sunara was a form of defense that Goguryeo defended when the party country of Sunara invaded. If Goguryeo attacked first and paralyzed the enemy's military bases, Mu, who thought that Goguryeo would not have been attacked, decided to attack the party country first. In 732, Mu attacked General Jang Mun-yoo after leading an army and landing on the Sandung Peninsula. Deungju was one of the largest ports on the Sandung Peninsula in China at the time, and it was also a place where the military function of the party country's naval base was carried out. Historically, when China hit the Korean Peninsula, the Chinese navy always departed from the Sandung Peninsula. The Barae army attacked this place and occupied it, and General Jang Mun-yoo even killed Wei Jun, the leader of Deungju. Deungju was destroyed, and Jang Mun-yoo returned. The reason why he just went back even though he was winning is that Jang Mun-yoo's strategic goal was not the concept of expanding territory, but that the Sandung Peninsula was always used as a supply port when China invaded the Korean Peninsula, so it can be interpreted as a deterrent to China's supply function in the event of a future battle. The party country sent a letter to Silla to hit the southern part of Barae. Silla has not been able to recover from the party country and the national flag since the Nadang War, but he thought it was an opportunity to restore relations with the party country, so he sent a large army to the southern part of Barae, but due to the harsh cold of winter, he was not able to fight properly and withdrew. It seems that Silla was pretending to fight rather than actually trying to fight with Barae, and was trying to restore the national flag of the party country. Meanwhile, the party country also sent a large army to fight with Barae, and it was Mu-hang's younger brother, Daemun-hye, who was no different from that person. When Daemun-hye was in charge of Nagang, Mu-hang also sent a assassin to kill Daemun-hye with Nagang. One day, Daemun-hye was attacked by assassins at Nagang Church, and Daemun-hye's assassination attempt failed to kill the assassins, but from the party country's point of view, it was impossible to ignore the fact that the assassins of the enemy invaded Nagang. Mu-hang, who guessed that the party country would abandon military action, decided to attack again this time. This time, Barae's army, which Mu-hang personally appointed, advanced to Mallijangseong by land, and in the battle of Madosan near Mallijangseong in 733, the party country and Barae fought, and Barae's Mu-hang won. The party leader hurriedly sent reinforcements towards Mallijangseong, and barely took over Mallijangseong. Barae, which was a new country, won an amazing victory against the party country, which was the largest country in Asia at the time. Based on the battle of Deungju and Madosan, which put the party country in danger, the international perception of Barae changes dramatically. Now, Myeongsil-sangbu Barae was one of the powerful countries in East Asia. It is rare for any country to have more than three competent monarchs in a row. If it comes out, it's the country's luck. In particular, if all three kings of the first to the third are royal armies, it is even less, and Barae is the third king Mu-hang, followed by the second king Mu-hang, and another prominent member of the royal family is promoted. Barae's Mu-hang used an independent language called Daeheung while governing. Mu-hang was a military leader of Pyeonghang. During the reign of Barae's Mu-hang, Barae had an hostile relationship with the party country, but in the second half of the reign of Mu-hang, he sent a messenger and made a peace treaty. However, this was not an international exchange between the two countries, but a reconciliation of the fight. A full-fledged friendly exchange with the party country took place during the reign of Mu-hang. If you look at the Chinese record, you can see that Barae's Mu-hang sent a lot of messengers to the party country. However, the relationship between the party country and Barae has not been established. During the reign of Barae's Mu-hang, the party country never ignored Barae as it lost twice in the war. Barae's Mu-hang increased Barae's power and status, so Barae's Mu-hang was able to respect the party country and continue cultural exchanges. And at that time, the party country was the most popular country in the world. Various sources from all over the world have melted into the party country, and many countries were building relationships around the party country. Rather, it was a stupid thing to close the door on the world order centered on the party country. One of the reasons why Barae was able to grow more was that during the reign of Mu-hang, Barae was able to intervene in the international order by accepting various and excellent cultures through the party country. There were two routes for Barae to communicate with the party country. First of all, there was the Yongju Island through the land and the Chogong Island through the sea. Not only the culture, but also many of China's Confucian centralization systems were adopted. If there is a system that has already been organized and completed, it is also a very important ability to import it according to our actual situation. In the party country, there was a tradition of recruiting officials for foreigners. Barae also sent many students abroad to the party country and made them apply for the civil service. Among China's centralization systems, there was the Samsung six-part system as a central political organization, and Barae adopted this Samsung six-part system. Samsung is an organization that oversees the overall work of the country, and the six-part system was like a government department that classified the country's work by type. However, it did not apply to China's Samsung six-part system as it is, and the name was operated by Barae's own order. China's Samsung is Sangseoseong, Munhwaseong, and Jungseoseong, and Barae's Samsung was called Jungdangseong, Seonjoseong, and Jungdaeseong, and China's six-part system, the Air Force No. 2 Air Force, was changed to Chungin, Uiji, and Yesin. They're all Confucian names, right? The General Secretary of the National Assembly of Barae was called the Denesang of Jungdangseong. The 756th Munhwang moved the capital to Sankyung Yongcheonbu. There are two records of the relocation of Sankyung Yongcheonbu. It was after the Second Emperor, Mu, moved to Jungyeong Hyundukbu from Dongmosan where he was originally ruled by the Great Leader, and the Third Emperor, Mun, moved to Sankyung Yongcheonbu, but did not relocate the Second Emperor, Mu, and moved to Sankyung Yongcheonbu again at the beginning of the Third Emperor, Mun, after the relocation of Dongmosan to Jungyeong Hyundukbu. Whatever it was, Barae moved from Junggyeonghyundukbu to Sanggyeongyongcheonbu, and Sanggyeong was located north of Barae rather than Junggyeong. In order to rule the wider Barae, Sanggyeongyongcheonbu moved to a place where the capital was located in the middle of the country. Munhwang also established a state-owned education institution, Jujagam, to educate the noble youth of Barae. The name of Gwancheong and Munhwang's policies are mostly aimed at education. The reason for this is that Confucianism values loyalty to the king, so it has always been used as an ideology of rule. For the systematic management of the country, Confucianism was necessary. Speaking of which, let me explain more about Sanggyeongyongcheonbu, the capital of Barae. Sanggyeongyongcheonbu was a planned city built in many squares like the capital of Dangnara. Sanggyeongyongcheonbu is a very large city, with a total circumference of 16km. It was the largest city in East Asia after Chang'an, China. And there were a total of 10 fortifications in Sanggyeongseong. Among them, the Barae Stone of Heungryongsa Temple is very famous for its magnificent scale. The Barae Stone is a typical Western style that was popular in Silla at the time, and it is a work that gives a strong impression of Silla's Western style. It can be seen that there was a great exchange between Barae and Silla. In addition, it is said that King Mun of Barae called himself the King of Geumryunseongbok, the king of anti-corruption. Through this, it can be seen that King Mun actively promoted Buddhism as a ruler ideologist with Confucianism. However, King Mun of Barae suffered a tragedy as a father who had to send two daughters first. One is the second daughter, Princess Jeonghye, and the other is the youngest daughter, Princess Jeonghyo. The graves of the two princesses, Princess Jeonghye and Princess Jeonghyo, were discovered after liberation. It is said that there are two graves that can accurately identify the owner among the graves of Barae. The graves of Princess Jeonghye and Princess Jeonghyo were accurately written on the graves of Barae. If you go to Dunhwa City, Jilin Province in China now, there is a Barae Goveungun called Yukjeongseong Goveungun. So far, 166 graves have been confirmed, and the only grave that can identify the owner is the second daughter of King Mun, Princess Jeonghye's grave. The ceiling of Princess Jeonghye's grave is a typical Goguryeo grave style called Mojurim style. In addition, a famous stone lion statue was found in Princess Jeonghye's grave. This is a stone water culture that protects the grave, which was widespread in East Asia. The stone lion statue of Barae boasts a muscular body of 60 cm in height, just like the statue of Barae. It represents the sculpture art of Barae. The youngest daughter, Princess Jeonghyo, was also found in Jilin Province, Harum City, China. In the tombstone of Princess Jeonghyo's grave, The princess was taught by her teacher early on and tried to become like him. It is said that she enjoyed poetry, writing, and making reservations every time she visited a country. There is a fine mural on the tomb of Princess Jeonghyo, and through this mural, you can see Barae's clothing and face. King Mun was also actively in touch with Silla. During that time, Silla was divided between the two countries because of the perception that Goguryeo was a country that had been destroyed. Since the reign of King Mun, he has actively maintained a friendly relationship with Silla, such as installing a Silla road on the Sangseol Expressway. According to Choi Chi-hwan, the gatekeeper of the Unification Silla, it is said that the remaining forces of Goguryeo gathered in the north of Baekdusan to build a country and named the country Barae. It can be said that Silla also understood Barae as the second Goguryeo. He also continued to have a good relationship with Japan, which was established as the state religion of Muwang. There was also a route called Japan-Do, which interacts with Japan through the East Sea. There were a total of five international education routes in Barae. There was Yeongju-do and Jogung-do, which educate each country, Silla-do, which educates Silla, Japan-Do, which educates Japan, and Georando, which educates the nomadic peoples of the north. Since the center of the five educational routes was Sanggyeongseong, the capital Sanggyeongseong must have been a big city where the waters of East Asia meet. But for some reason, in 785, the capital was moved to Yongwon-bu, Donggyeong. Donggyeong Yongwon-bu has a legend called Hamgyeong-do in the north of the Korean Peninsula, and a legend called Jirin-seong Hunchun, which is just above the Duman River. It is characterized by being closer to the sea than the Yongcheon-bu in Sanggyeong. It seems that more research and interpretation are needed for the Donggyeongcheon-do of Muwang. Muwang's health deteriorates dramatically after the death of his youngest daughter, Princess Jeonghyo. In 793, this noble king, Muwang, dies. The reign of Muwang lasted 57 years, and the entire history of Barae is a little over 200 years, so he took over a quarter of the history of Barae alone. Thanks to Muwang's great diplomatic achievements, East Asia enjoyed a period of peace for about 150 years. Rather than enjoying it by force, I think it would be the true condition of a powerful country to trade economically and culturally with neighboring countries and to promote the prosperity of its own country. However, after Muwang, Barae quickly retreated. Something abnormal happened after Muwang. What happened to Barae after Muwang? In general, if you say the history of Barae, most people know about the first Great Joyong, the second Muwang, and the third Muwang, and you probably haven't heard much about it since then. The 10th king, Seonwang, who led the last reign of Barae, is famous, and it is not well known what happened to Barae between the 4th and 9th kings. The reason why it is not well known is because this period was a kind of dark history in the history of Barae. It was a time of crisis. To Muwang, his son, Daegwang, had to follow in the footsteps of his son, but he was disillusioned. Still, Daegwang had a son, Daehwa. If there is no son and a grandson, the grandson is the first rank of the next 9th king. But for some reason, the 9th king, who followed Muwang, was killed by Muwang's cousin, Daewon, the 4th king, who was not the grandson of Daehwa. It doesn't feel right to say that Siho was the last king, right? In the Chinese book of records, it says that Daewon killed him when he was disillusioned. It means that the kings chased him out. Just because he was disillusioned, the name Siho was added. And the grandson of Muwang, Daehwa, who was originally trying to follow Muwang, is now the 5th king, Seonwang. The 5th king, Seonwang, moves the capital from Donggyeong Yongheonbu to Sanggyeong Yongcheonbu. In the previous video, the 3rd part of the history of Barae, I told you that there are many rumors about why he suddenly moved from Sanggyeong to Donggyeong. There is also an interpretation that the 5th king, Seonwang, who was defeated at the end of Muwang, moved the capital to Donggyeong, his power-based city, and then the 5th king, Seonwang, who was defeated, returned to Sanggyeong, his and his grandfather's power-based city. However, the 5th king, Seonwang, died without a year of his reign, and because he had no son, his uncle, Daesungrin, was promoted to the 6th king, Gangwang. Many people think that Gangwang is the uncle of Seonwang and Seonwang is the son of Seonwang, so there is no direct family of Gangwang. In fact, there are not many cases where the uncle of Dongseogogeum is the next king. Nevertheless, Gangwang was evaluated as a king who managed the chaotic Barae from the 4th to the 5th in a short period of 15 years. So, from the 7th to the 9th, all three kings are the sons of the 6th king, Gangwang. At this time, a unique political system appears in Barae. There is no record, so I can't know the exact outcome, but if a son does not inherit the throne and one king dies, the younger brothers of the king keep reading the throne as a temporary king or a king's assistant. Yes, but it's like this. Following the 6th king, Gangwang, the 7th king, Jeonghwang, was the next king. The reign of Jeonghwang was 3 years, but he ascended in 812. It is said that Jeonghwang had a son named Daehyunjin, but in 812, Jeonghwang died, and his younger brother Daehyun was appointed as the governor of Gwonji, and he served as a temporary king, and then he was crowned as the 8th king, Higwang. The king's son is alive, but why did the king's brother, who did not forget his son's death, serve as a temporary king named Governor of Gwonji, and then crowned him as a king? It is not clear why. According to the Chinese special record, Governor of Gwonji was crowned according to the history, that is, he was crowned according to the old official or old case. This is the same for Higwang. Higwang also had a son, but when he died in 817, Higwang's younger brother, not Higwang's son, was crowned as the 9th king, Gangwang. This is why the three sons of 6th king, Gangwang, took the throne in a row. 6th king, Gangwang was not a good father enough to make his three sons kings, but it means that the way of succession to the 9th king of Barae was abnormal. Among the 6 kings of Barae, 4 of them were the uncles of the previous king, and the other two were fought by Munwang's younger brother and grandson, so from 793 to 818, for about 25 years, not a single king of Barae was able to rule normally. If there had been an invasion of a foreign country in such an internal situation of Barae, Barae would have faced a crisis of extermination. Fortunately, there was no invasion of a foreign country. This is because the era of peace in East Asia has come since the reign of the three great kings. Of course, there may have been internal problems in each country, but thanks to the 150 years of peace, there was no big war in East Asia, so even in an internal situation where Barae was confused, the country was able to continue without much confusion by working hard on diplomatic policies. Thanks to this, Barae was able to reach its heyday at the time of the 10th king, King Seon. There is an interesting but very angry story about the 9th king, Gangwang. It is related to the wife of Gangwang, not Gangwang. In 2005, there was a daughter of Munwang, Princess Jeonghyo, and the tomb of Queen Sunmok, the wife of Gangwang, was found by Chinese archaeologists in Yongdusan, Heorong City, Jilin Province. It's already awkward in that they are Chinese archaeologists. There was a tomb of Queen Sunmok in the tomb of Queen Sunmok, and it was recorded as the tomb of Queen Sunmok Tae. Thanks to this, one more tomb known as the owner of Barae's tomb has been added. This itself is very good news, but the fact that the tomb of Queen Sunmok was found in Korea was in 2009, 4 years after it was found in 2005. It was known through the Chinese Archaeological Report. However, the Chinese Archaeological Report did not reveal the exact location of the tomb. It only revealed the existence of the victim. The name of Queen Sunmok became a problem. Why? In modern times, the Chinese government claims that Goguryeo and Barae were the provinces of China through the East and West Provinces. However, in that ancient society, the local government of China does not use the title of emperor or queen. The Chinese and Korean schools are at odds over whether the Barae family used the title of emperor or not, but the king and queen of Barae used the title of emperor and queen because the word queen came out of the tomb. Therefore, the Chinese side is looking into the excavation of the tomb of Queen Sunmok, and they are not revealing the excavated Goguryeo and Goguryeo artifacts in extreme secrecy. Even the photos are limited. It is said that it is currently impossible to access the site. However, if you look at some of the excavated items of the tomb of Queen Sunmok, you should pay attention to the gold crown of Barae. If you compare it with the Goguryeo artifact, the Zou Guan, you can see that the style is exactly the same. In addition, if you look for similar types of excavated items, you will find that the gold crown of Silla's Cheonmachong is quite similar. All the artifacts of the bird symbolize the feathers or wings of the bird, but these types of artifacts do not appear in the mainland of China at all. The reason why China has not revealed the tomb of Queen Sunmok is because the contents of the excavated artifacts and tombs are all data that can refute the East-North process of the Chinese side. In addition to the tomb of Queen Sunmok, the wife of King Gan, the tomb of Queen Hyoi, the wife of King Mun, was also discovered. The Goguryeo artifacts and excavated items here are more controlled than that of Queen Sunmok. In Barae, even in the poverty of the country that was difficult, the literary and academic ability was excellent enough to pass a few people. Since Barae is still a country behind Goguryeo, it was more developed than Goguryeo in terms of Confucian education and literary ability. Barae is not a country that was only at war because it is a strong country in the north. But Barae's literary works were not well known. In this video, I would like to take a meaningful time to introduce the works of Barae's representative poets. First, Yang Tae-sa of King Mun. Yang Tae-sa is the general of Barae, appointed by King Mun as General Wideok. Yang Tae-sa has worked as a diplomat in Japan, and there is a poem called Snow by Doi Yachung. Let me introduce you to the poem called Snow. Last night, the clouds in the sky were blooming, and this morning, a snowstorm is falling. Surim is locked up in the flowers of the wind, but I can't hear the birds singing in the spring. Another poet is Wang Hyoryeom, who was also a diplomat dispatched to Japan during the reign of King Hui of the Eight Kingdoms. There are records that Wang Hyoryeom has written about five works, and that the Japanese were amazed at Wang Hyoryeom's literary talent. Even the tree of flowers bloomed beautifully in spring. I can't hear the sound as if I'm smiling. Will there be any flowers left for me by the owner to give me flowers every day? Literary researchers say that Barae's literature has improved the tradition of Goguryeo literature. I've told you about Barae from the 4th to the 9th kings, which are not well known. Now it's time for another famous king to appear. The best monarch in the history of Barae, who was the last king of Barae, is the 10th king, Seon Hwang. The real name of the 10th king, Seon Hwang, is Dae In-soo. When the 9th king, Gan Hwang, died, Dae In-soo became the governor of Gwonji again, and later became the king of Gwonji for 818 years. Seon Hwang used a unique language called Geonheung with Jikwi, and immediately went to the capital of Daehae, and invaded the Malgahal in 818 to 820 years. Perhaps after the reign of Mu Hwang and Mu Hwang, it seems that Seon Hwang revenged the Malgahals who tried to escape from the house of Barae, and most of all, he even revenged the Black Water Malgahal, which was the most hostile to the regime of Barae. In addition, the center of Barae was Dongmanju at that time. There is a Yodong region that goes from Manju to China, not Dongmanju. The center of Goguryeo was originally Yodong. Therefore, the population concentration of Goguryeo people was high in this area. At the time of Mu Hwang and Mu Hwang, they already took over the territory of Barae, but the capitals of Barae were far away from Yodong, and Barae was internally confused for about 25 years, so the governance of this area was severely weakened. Seon Hwang now stabilizes the Yodong region. In the history of the Georan people, there was a small country called Sogoguryeo, which was founded by Goguryeo people in the Yodong region after the destruction of Goguryeo. I can't guarantee the existence of Sogoguryeo yet, but if there was, it can be seen that Sogoguryeo was completely absorbed by Barae during the reign of Seon Hwang. The 10th king of Barae, Seon Hwang, was a huge conqueror. Of course, the second king, Mu Hwang, was also a conqueror, but at the time of Mu Hwang, Barae had just been conquered, and the territory of Barae, which Mu Hwang had expanded, was quite constrained after 4 to 9 kings and 25 years. They restored this place during the reign of Seon Hwang and expanded the territory further. The unfortunate thing is that there is no unique history of Barae, so it is difficult to know the specific origin of Barae, Seon Hwang. I'm sure they've integrated more tribes, except for Malgal or Yodong's Sogoguryeo, but I don't know the details. However, in the Shindangseo, a Chinese record, it is said that a large number of people from the north of the Jamot Sea conquered a large area. Although they were conquerors, they maintained a good relationship with the party and the country. Thanks to Barae, Seon Hwang, Barae enjoyed a heyday in the 9th century. North Korea, as well as Manchuria, and Vladivostok were also flourishing. In the heyday, the largest territory of Barae was about 5 times that of Tonishila, and it was about 1.5 times larger than Goguryeo's heyday. It was the era of the country with the largest territory in Korean history. In the heyday of Barae, the Chinese party called Barae the Haedong Seongguk. This meaning of Haedong is a nickname given to foreigners in Korea from the Chinese point of view, and the name Haedong Seongguk itself is a decisive evidence that the party country at that time did not recognize Barae as the local government of China. It's not just about winning the war. If you press it with force, the opposition will come out quickly. In order to absorb the territory of the conquered land, not the army, but the administration was introduced, it had to be incorporated into the administrative area. King Seon, at the time when the territory of Barae was the largest, reformed the administrative area system to control the large territory of Barae, which grew at a very fast rate. It's called the 5-gyeong 15-bu 62-ju system. 5-gyeong refers to the 5 capitals of Barae or the top special administrative area. Sanggyeong Yongcheonbu in the heyday, Donggyeong Yongwonbu in the heyday, Seokyeong Amrokbu, which was also the initial center of Goguryeo right above Amrokgang, Jilinseong Heorungsi, which was the early capital of Barae, Junggyeong Hyeondeokbu, and lastly, Namgyeong Namhaebu, which is now referred to as Bukchong from Hangyeong. And the whole country was divided into 15-gyeong-bu, and 62-gyeong-bu were placed in the administrative area of the 15-gyeong-bu. 15-gyeong-bu is the concept of a province today. As each province has a governor, in the 15-gyeong-bu of Barae, governors of the government office called Dodok were discovered, and as there is a city army in the province, in 62-gyeong-bu of Barae, suicide was found every week. The greatest power of Barae, founded by the king of Barae, was completed not as a war, but as an administration, and that's why Barae's king is considered a useful ruler. What's more amazing about the king is that the king's term of office is 12 years, and he did all this in 12 years. There is a province called Solbin-bu among the 15-gyeong-bu, and it is said that the horse of Solbin-bu was so excellent that it was on the front page of Dongasia. The horse of Solbin-bu was the main item of Barae's international trade, and it was said that the horse of Solbin-bu was as famous as the animal called Dambi. In fact, even today, one of the best characteristics of China's Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang is called the hair of Dambi, and it is said that the hair of Dambi of Barae was so famous internationally at that time that there was even a term called the road of Dambi. Speaking of which, I will also tell you about the military system of Barae. The military and defense of the country are ultimately dependent on the administrative system. In Barae, there were 10 ranks, left-wing, right-wing, left-wing, right-wing, left-wing, right-wing, right-wing, left-wing, right-wing, left-wing, right-wing, left-wing, right-wing, and the commander-in-chief was placed on top of each, so there were a total of 10 commanders in Barae. There is no information about the local army, but in most ancient countries, the military was organized by the administrative units of each local government, and the local army was divided into 15 divisions or 62 groups because the military conscripted ordinary people, and the local officers played the role of commanders of each local army. In 830, the king of Seon died. The son of the king of Seon died early, and the grandson of the king of Seon, Daejin, became the 11th king of Barae. Daejin also inherited the meaning of the grandfather's Seonwang, organized the internal administrative system of Barae, and accepted the pre-eminent position through continuous cultural exchanges with the party. However, from the 11th Daejin, there is no royal title for the kings of Barae. It's not that there's no king, it's not a record. There is no title such as Muwang, Munwang, Seonwang, and it is only recorded in its original name. And again, Barae celebrates the new era. Daejin in the 11th, Daegeon in the 12th, Daeheonseok in the 13th, and Daehwihae in the 14th. The king's power weakens over these four people, and the nobility's power struggle becomes fierce, but there is no detailed record, and it is difficult to clearly know not only the king's birth year, but also the year of his death. What is certain is that Barae was declining more than ever, and the biggest of the causes is that it was a competition between the nobles. Many ethnic minorities who were subordinated to Barae also began to leave Barae. At this time, if there is a story with a Chinese record left, it is a story about Barae's scholar Osodo. There was a test for the administration of a country called the Department of Employment for Foreigners called the Department of Employment for Foreigners. However, the acceptance rate of this Department of Employment was very low, and if you were not a very excellent student, passing the Department of Employment was a piece of cake. In 872, Osodo of Barae passed the Department of Employment. However, there was a Shilla, Lee Dong, among the people who took the test of the Department of Employment with Osodo, and Osodo's grades were higher than Lee Dong. Shilla is also proud of its study abroad, and it is an older country than Barae, but its pride must have been hurt. Then, about 30 years later, in 906, Osodo's son, Oh Gwang-chan, also passed the Department of Employment, and at this time, there was a Shilla, Choi Won-hee. However, this time, Choi Won-hee passed the Department of Employment with a higher grade than Oh Gwang-chan. At this time, Barae protested against the party country. However, the party country did not change its position of highly evaluating Choi Won-hee's scholarship. Even though Barae and Shilla have a peaceful relationship, isn't it realistic that there was such a competition for pride on the international stage? It may be just a small happening, but think about it, everyone. I told you that the Department of Employment with Osodo is only for foreigners. It means that the fact that the people of Barae agreed with the Department of Employment with Osodo does not mean that it is no longer a local government of China. The party country never recognized Barae as a local government, and since it was recognized as a foreign country, it allowed it to agree with the Department of Employment with Osodo. This is even a Chinese record. After the 14th Great King Daehwi, the last king of Barae was Daehinsun, but there is no record between Daehwi and Daehinsun. I don't know how many kings there were between these two kings, and I don't know what happened. Barae was destroyed in 926. The direct cause of the destruction was the invasion of the Yonara of the Georan people. The peace of East Asia lasted for 150 years, and 916 years, that is, 10 years before the destruction of Barae. The Yayu of the Georan people rose to the throne, taking over the present Yodong and Yoseo, and establishing Yonara. East Asia is once again in full swing. The Yonara, which was growing its power, threatened the Northern Kingdom of China and Barae. At first, the starting point of Yonara, which was built by the Georan people, was originally the territory of Barae, but the founding of Yonara itself was already a fight with Barae. Can't we say Yonara because it was an alliance with Barae and China? At that time, China was in a period of division called the Five-to-Ten-Nation Period after the destruction of the Tang Dynasty. Then shouldn't we ask Silla for help? At this time, the Korean Peninsula was also divided into the post-tribal period. Japan, which has always been close to Barae historically, also had a bad internal situation. Daehinsun made diplomatic efforts, but Barae did not have a country to ask for an alliance. I guess there is a fate of the times. In 924, two years before the destruction of Barae, Daehinsun led the army and advanced to Yodong, and won the victory in the battle of Yodong, which killed the long-lived city of Yonara. However, the battle of Yodong became an excuse, and in December 925, Yonara raised a large army and attacked the capital of Barae, Seonggyeongyongcheonbu. Yonara's tactics were similar to the tactics of the Qing Dynasty during the Joseon War. It was a tactic to avoid all other castles and only go straight to the capital. It was a dangerous tactic because it could not stabilize the rear, but if it worked well, it could neutralize the enemy country in an instant. Yonara captured the capital of Barae, Seonggyeongseongbu, at a very fast pace. Barae had no time to use hands, and it had already captured Seonggyeongseongbu before the local army of Barae came to the capital. King Daehinsun of Barae sent a squadron, but after a few hits, he immediately surrendered to Yonara. In January 926, King Daehinsun of Barae came to Seonggyeongseongbu with the royal family, surrendered to the emperor of Yonara, and Barae was annihilated. Yonara, who raised the army in December 925, annihilated Barae in January 926. It was less than a month. Can you guess how fast it was? In July of that year, Yonara captured the last king of Barae, Daehinsun, as a prisoner and returned to his home country. At this time, the emperor of Yonara changed the name of the horse he rode, Orogo, to a new name. It was very humiliating. There was a rumor that the power of Baekdusan had weakened due to the annihilation of Barae. It was actually found in volcanic ashes estimated to be in the early 10th century when Barae was annihilated, If you look at the Baekdusan period of the supporters, it seems that there was a division at that time, but it seems that it was not large enough to shake the whole country. It is also said that the division of the horse race was caused by the annihilation of Barae. It is not that there was no division of the ruling class, but it seems that it was not to the extent that the country was corrupt. The problem of the departure of the horse race was also before Daehinsun. The power of Barae was not as powerful as it was during the reign of the king, and it was gradually deviating. The departure of the ruling class and the horse race clearly affected the annihilation of Barae, but the most direct cause of the annihilation of Barae was the invasion of Yonara. What was the reaction of the Korean Peninsula at the time of the annihilation of Barae? In the case of Silla, which was not able to destroy the country, or Hubekje, which was far from Barae, they probably didn't care much about the annihilation of Barae, but the Goryeo of Wanggeon reacted very strongly. Before the annihilation of Barae, the Georan people built Yonara on the territory of Barae and threatened Barae, so many war refugees came to Goryeo when the Amnok River and the Duman River were north and south. Of course, Goryeo was a close country, but the more fundamental reason was that the people of Barae were aware of their race and came to Goryeo without burden because Goryeo was the successor of Goguryeo. The Taejo Wanggeon of Goryeo also had a policy of actively accepting refugees from Barae. It was the same after the annihilation of Barae. After the annihilation of Barae, as many as 100,000 people came to Goryeo. In the case of the ruling class of Barae, it is said that the Taejo Wanggeon abolished the social order and the most equal position of Barae. The most famous person among the people of Barae is probably the last son of Barae, Daegwanghyun. In the records of the Goryeo history, Daegwanghyun, the crown prince of Barae, gave the name of Wangge when he came to the battle after many hardships, and posted it on the family tree of Jongsil. In addition, he especially gave the original position of Barae and held family rites while keeping the Baekju. He also gave the position of Barae to the refugees who followed him, and gave the land and house to the soldiers. It's coming out soon. The reason why the Taejo Wanggeon of Goryeo favored the refugees and the people of Barae so much was that it was an inevitable choice due to the concept of the founding of Goguryeo. In addition, you can see that Goryeo also recognizes Barae as Goguryeo's successor. In the fairy tale, if the dynasty of a country is destroyed, the next dynasty will create a history of a ruined country. In the Goryeo Dynasty, Kim Bu-sik wrote the Three Kingdoms of Goguryeo and Baekje Silla, and it is said that he created the Goryeo and Goryeo Dynasties in the early Joseon Dynasty. However, Goryeo only wrote the history of the Three Kingdoms and did not organize the history of Barae. Maybe he wanted to regard Goryeo as the only successor of Goguryeo. For your information, the royal family of Barae, which was succeeded by Daejo, is still there. Those who went to Taeji Castle in Korea are all descendants of the royal family of Barae. Of course, there was also the Barae-Buheung Movement. The capital of Barae collapsed in an instant. In other words, it means that there were local governments of Barae that this country could not suppress. They united their forces and launched the Barae-Buheung Movement. This country destroyed Barae and built another Goryeo-Dynasty called Dongdan-guk in the capital of Barae, Samgyeong-dong. The Goryeo-Dynasty is now the emperor, but it will disappear soon. In the empty old capital of Barae, the people of Barae made Orya-guk. This Orya-guk seems to have been the driving force of the major Buheung Movement, which I briefly mentioned in the 5th part of the history of Barae. There was a country called Hubarae on the Amrok River, and some of Hubarae's forces and local forces from the south of Barae joined forces to attack Jeonghan-guk. Jeonghan-guk was destroyed by the Goryeo-Dynasty between 985 and 986. As Jeonghan-guk was destroyed, the Wanchung Dynasty between Yonara and Goryeo disappeared. A few years after the destruction of Jeonghan-guk, Yonara invaded Goryeo and the Yeouyo War broke out. There was also the Heungryo-guk on the Yodong Peninsula. The Heungryo-guk on the Yodong Peninsula seems to have been a country that was forced to move to the territory of Yonara by Daeyeol, the royal family of Barae, and the people of Barae united and became independent. The Heungryo-guk was a country that was independent in 1029, after a long time since the destruction of Barae. It was a long time after the end of the Yeouyo War, which lasted three times. However, it was only a small country and was destroyed by Yonara in 1031. In the middle, the Heungryo-guk asked Goryeo for help, but the 8th king of Goryeo, Hyeonjong, did not respond. After blocking all three invasions of Yonara, the era of peace has finally come, so Hyeonjong would not have wanted to raise a bush of war again. The Orya-guk, which was built on the old capital of Barae, which was the farthest from Yonara, lasted quite a long time. In 1022, the Heungryo-guk withdrew while competing with the Cheollil-guk, which was a neighboring tribe country. Then, in 1114, it is estimated that the king of the Orya-guk surrendered to the Yeojin-guk, and was completely wiped out at this time. In 1116, two years after the destruction of the Orya-guk, Go Yeong-chang, who claims to be a resident of Barae, established a country called Dae-Barae on the Yodong Peninsula, where the former Heungryo-guk was located. Dae-Barae is almost 200 years after the destruction of Barae, so I don't know how much Go Yeong-chang has to do with Barae. Dae-Barae disappears in 5 months. It is a reality that Korea's independent research on the history of Barae is insignificant because all of Barae's sites are located in North Korea, China, and Russia. But that's why we need to pay a lot of attention to Barae. Thank you for watching the history of Barae to the end. Then it was a history magnifying glass. If you enjoyed the video, please subscribe and like it.