Почему Машины 🛸 до сих пор НЕ ЛЕТАЮТ? Перспективы Автомобильного мира через 10, 20... 50 лет

What will the cars of the future be like? Maybe this picture will finally become a reality in the next 50-100 years? Will we ever want to drive? Or will our world be captured by drones, as it already happens in motorsport? Let's see what humanity will move to in the future. To begin with, it is necessary to determine whether there is any reason for optimism at all. Otherwise, there may be no development of technologies. Or is this development intentionally restrained or corrected in the right direction? In order to see what humanity is capable of at the moment, it is most logical to look at China. For example, look at this sealed railway in the Himalayas. Perhaps this is the clearest demonstration of what China is capable of in the field of transport. Yes, we have all seen railways. But not like this. After all, these are trains and cars that you can get into space on. Or go underwater. Before departure, hatches are drilled here, the illuminators do not open, and in the cabin they artificially maintain an acceptable level of saturation of the air mixture and pressure. The thing is that the Tsinghai-Tibet Railway runs along the upper border of the troposphere, where there is not enough air, and in a critical case, oxygen starvation may begin. At an altitude of 4,000 km above sea level. This is a familiar environment for the Himalayas, the highest mountain chain on the planet. On the slopes of the Himalayas, there is Tibet. A territory with a turbulent history and complex legal status. Activists and human rights activists from all over the world have been calling for decades to free Tibet from the Chinese occupation. The PRC does not consider its occupation management. For communist China, Tibet is just one of the regions of a huge country. And this region needs transport. Before the construction of the Tsinghai-Tibet Railway, the journey from remote Tibetan villages to mainland China took days, if not weeks. People moved on foot or on donkeys. No one has ever tried to build a railway in such difficult natural conditions. But China did it. The wagons look more like a trampoline than an electric train. Mind-boggling overpasses, which carry trains to the height of a five-story building for the sake of local fauna. The railway literally soars above the ground so as not to interfere with local animals. Rails that are laid right in the eternal frost. Before the PRC, only the USSR faced such a necessity and could not cope with the task. In the Arctic regions of the Russian North, there are simply no really long railways with regular passenger traffic. And in China there is now. To do this, Chinese engineers used liquid nitrogen for additional soil freezing. Deep freezing guarantees the safety of the railway at any time. The branch was built from 1974 to 2006. Now the high-altitude railway works and efficiently transports passengers on a daily basis. And here is another Chinese miracle. A city the size of Belarus and a dubious project with the development of rivers, which is already becoming a reality in our days. The Chinese mega-project began with the overpopulation of Beijing. So many people live in the capital and its suburbs that the road to work in one direction took 4-5 hours. This problem in China was solved with a swing. 13 million Tianjin will be attached to Beijing, which has a population of 22 million. And at the same time a whole province of Hebei, sadly famous for its dirty metallurgical production. Another 78 million people live in the region. The resulting monster should become the capital agglomeration of the People's Republic of China. It will be a city the size of Belarus and a population of more than 130 million people. Almost the same number of people live throughout Russia. And this is where the rivers appear in the project. Being on the border of the desert zone, Beijing and its surroundings suffer from a lack of water. The large-scale construction works in the new megacity only aggravate this deficit. The river turn is intended to correct the imbalance. In order to supply the city with water, three giant channels will be dug up in China. They will direct water from the wet southern regions to the dry north, where Beijing and Tianjin are located. The eastern channel, with a length of 1150 km, will draw water from the Yangtze River. The channel will flow up the slopes using 20 pump stations and fill the reservoir in Tianjin. The second channel, with a length of 1263 km, will flow down. It is intended for Beijing. The third channel was named the Great Western Channel. This project is still in the planning stage. It will redirect water from the Yangtze River to Huanghe, located north. To do this, it will be necessary to move thousands of people, who now live in villages. They will be flooded and made new channels. On the way to this channel there will be many bridges and tunnels, which are planned to be built in parallel. The Chinese government is full of determination to redirect the rivers, despite the risk of drying out for the Yangtze itself. China intends to improve the situation for the Yangtze with the help of even more southern rivers, which are now flowing into neighboring countries. India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. The possible drought in all these countries, China, oddly enough, does not care at all. In general, how much the Chinese will be able to leave the ecosystem of whole macro-regions balanced is a very big question. And in general, it adds up to the same pile of questions about the global impact of humanity on nature, and the price of mistakes of such impacts, if they are not thought through enough. But let's continue about the technical achievements of our time. The longest bridge in the world is also in China. Previously, the road along the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao route took 4 hours. Three huge cities are located on different sides of the Pearl River, and all together they enter the region of the Great Bay, the territory on which the economic take-off of China began. In order not to reduce the pace of GDP growth, the authorities have strengthened integration with the bridge. Since 2018, this distance has been overcome in 40 minutes. The longest bridge in the world, with a total length of 55 kilometers, consists of several sections with right and left-hand traffic. The fact is that in Hong Kong and mainland China, people drive on different sides of the road, so drivers move from one side to the other right on the bridge. But the main thing is that in some places the structure dives under water. The whole structure is a hybrid of a bridge and a tunnel. During the movement, drivers drive along artificial islands, take in the air in the overwater sections and plunge down into the underwater areas. Buses go along this bridge every 5 minutes. Personal transport is limited. Due to the extreme motorization of Hong Kong, Macao and border areas, the number of passes that allow you to drive along the bridge does not exceed 10,000 per day. Despite these restrictions, the bridge is in great demand. Well, finally, another Chinese reality, a drone, a plane that flies faster than a plane. This is not fiction, this is a drone at the Shanghai airport. Each passenger of such a train can see how it overtakes a flying plane in parallel. Drones, they are also called maglevs, operate on the technology of magnetic levitation. Such trains do not roll, but literally hang in the air, due to the repulsion of different magnetic poles, the carriages are located a few millimeters above the rail. During the movement, friction also does not occur, in fact, there is nothing to wear out in such trains. The difficulty is one. Magnetoplanes are very expensive. So expensive that the Soviet Union and the United States abandoned such projects. At the end of the last century, small lines of maglevs worked in Western Germany and Great Britain, but then they were closed. And then came China. China not only revived the Soviet dream of flying in the air, China was able to replicate the technology. It all started with the very high-speed line in Shanghai. It was built on European technologies. But then the Chinese engineers intervened. They developed a simpler, which means cheaper, maglev option. These are the lines that now operate in Beijing and Changsha. If high-speed modifications accelerate to 431 km per hour, then a less expensive option in Beijing is enough for 100 km per hour. And by 2021, a new ultra-fast magnetoplane should appear in Tsingtao. According to calculations, it will be able to develop 600 km per hour. However, the main thing is that the magnetoplane successfully solves the task of ecological city transport with a gigantic operating time. And at the same time, it saves people from the profession of a driver. All Chinese magnetoplanes work autonomously. What is it if not the ultimate transport of the future? Or do you still need a personal aircraft? How is it in our reality? Let's see. The development of such means of transportation was carried out by both giant corporations and small start-ups. The need to park even a flying car was not canceled. Therefore, the car of the future should be able to land and take off vertically. Now this is one of the main difficulties for engineers. Terrafugia has not yet been able to solve the problem. Their current development, called Transition, can fly, but cannot land vertically. In fact, it's just a plane with folding wings. So future owners should not expect to easily fly over a suddenly formed traffic jam. Takeoff can be made only at the airfield. The approximate cost is $ 400,000. Just about 30 million rubles. A more advanced project of Terrafugia is the TFX summer car. It looks much more elegant and futuristic. Traffic jams, as well as bad weather, should not be a problem for its future owners. TFX should be able to take off and land vertically. The development of Terrafugia is designed for 4 passengers. The driver will not be required. It will be enough to inform the destination point, the rest of the car will do it itself. As the manufacturers promise, TFX will be able to fly in real, not virtual, air in 2023. The appearance of an air taxi service is a prospect for the foreseeable future. The market is headed by Uber. At the beginning of this year, Hyundai and Uber jointly presented the concept of the SA-1 air taxi. Together with it, the developers showed the Hub platform, necessary for the operation of a new taxi. From this platform, the air taxi will be able to take a vertical takeoff and landing. On board, the car will take up to 4 passengers. The pilot will be driving the air taxi in the first couple of hours. Subsequently, the developers expect the flights to become autonomous. As a result, SA-1 is promised to be completely electric and not as noisy as helicopters. And, in the end, there is also a muscle traction. A quite acceptable option. Here, look. However, in order to fly somewhere on such a motorless glider, you need to first climb a high mountain and develop the route very carefully. But jokes are jokes. In general, flying cars driven by people are not quite the transport future that most futurologists predict. The most promising scenario is the spread of flying drones. Already in our time, it is such projects that attract investors the most. Several large companies are now working on unmanned aerotaxis. Among them is the manufacturer of Airbus aircraft, whose City Airbus aircraft made its first free flight in January 2020. Unlike the Hyundai and Uber projects, the Airbus development initially does not provide for the pilot to be in the cabin. The electric multicopter will move at a speed of up to 120 km per hour at a distance of up to 30 km. City Airbus will be able to transport up to 4 people. Subsequently, the Aviation Construction Corporation and other participants of similar projects hope to raise the air not only by flying taxis, but also by airbuses more accessible to passengers. And in general, the topic of drones is the most obvious and indicative in motorsport. Why are robot races more interesting than racing people? The first swan of a new approach to racing is the RoboRace competition. These are the stars of autonomous racing capsules on real racing tracks. Simply put, robot races. In its current form, the idea looks absurd. All robots for RoboRace are built by one company, and the only goal of these autonomous devices is to get to the finish line. It doesn't always work out, but it's just the beginning. At first, they also laughed at the completely electric Formula E, which is now the fastest-growing racing championship on the planet. There are already more automakers here than in Formula 1, and at the rate of audience growth, Formula E left far behind all competitors. Sooner or later, the same effect will be covered by RoboRace. For this, you only need a real technical confrontation. Imagine that autopilots for racing without drivers are produced by leading companies on the planet. Google, Microsoft, Toyota, BMW, Baidu, and even NASA. Or maybe Yandex? It's quite real. Each company from the listed ones really has success in designing drones. And why wouldn't they compete with each other? From the point of view of organizers, robot races will be even easier and more understandable than the competition of live athletes. There is no person behind the wheel, there is no risk that he will get into an accident and crash. Which means that people can not be insured. Which means that the rules can be relaxed, allowing the designers to swing all the power of their imagination. Just imagine. Speed ​​without limits. A real dangerous turn. A whirlwind of engineering concepts. Isn't this what the current Formula 1 fans dream about? To make fans want to cheer for someone, robomachines are invented by virtual personalities. This is already being practiced. In South Korea, they created a whole musical group of virtual personalities. This is a K-pop girls band called KDA. Evaluate the development of the characters in the video of the virtual group KDA. By the way, there are cyber races in the frame. One of this clip has more than 300 million views. The number is approaching the total audience of the entire modern Formula 1. Another direction of development. The rivalry of not robots, but real people. True, remotely. Teams of engineers, each of which builds its own robomobile with unique characteristics. And, in fact, racers driving a car at a distance. The best option for the world, which is raging in the epidemic. Real cars, real people, and everyone is sitting at home. Cars are driving along the highway, and the car is in the hands of a person many kilometers from the racetrack. Would you look at that? Well, there is nothing to say about a purely computer competition without any physical four-wheeled hardware. Gamers have been fighting over the network for many years, and now the wave of streams has reached motorsport. With the beginning of the pandemic, real races began to be canceled one after another. They were replaced instantly by virtual ones. Their own cyber championship was launched by the most popular series of America NASCAR, Supercars from Australia, MotoGP, and, of course, Formula 1. In these competitions, real racers participate, who would ride on real tracks if there was no coronavirus at home. Where else can you see famous racers, current champions, and, for example, a dishwasher, fighting on the same computer track? Yes, yes. Unlike real motorsport, Formula 1 is a very close race car. And daily training to keep your neck from overloading in corners. The first champion of virtual Formula 1 was an ordinary dishwasher. And one of the main celebrities of the racing eSports world, Daniel Berezny, would never have achieved success on real tracks. The reason is a two-meter height, because of which Berezny will not fit in any race car. And what about real motorsport? In the 50s, the motto was common. On Sunday, win, on Monday, sell. Racing technologies really crossed paths on ordinary roads. In the 2000s, this connection finally disappeared. But not the DAS system to be implemented in an ordinary car industry. DAS is such a cunning invention of the Mercedes team, that even if you change the steering wheel, the corner of the crash takes its original position. With the current situation, the race will somewhere by 2050 turn into another kind of outdated sport like polo, rowing or fencing. That is, it will become a pleasant competition that almost no one watches. Who in the modern world needs rapierists fights? Well, now let's get back to flying transport. And this is a plane on solar batteries. Solar Impulse made its first flight in 1999. You can't buy it, but the prototype really flies. The solar plane was built by entrepreneur and psychiatrist Swiss Andre Borschberg and Bertrand Piccard. On their own Solar Impulse, two inventors flew around the world. True, the plane turned out to be single-seater, so the creators managed them in turn. The Swiss proved that solar energy can really be used in aviation. Let's take a look at some of them. And let's not consider banal gas, electricity, biofuel or hydrogen elements. Let's look at such unusual as air, water and, for example, mercury. In the 19th century, transport with a pneumatic motor was a common phenomenon. They were installed on cars and even locomotives. Compressed air was stored in special cylinders from which it got into the engine through the distribution system. The main drawback of such a method is low efficiency. A full tank is not enough for a long trip. Nevertheless, it does not prevent car manufacturers from developing experimental models of aircraft from time to time. In 2011, a Toyota presented a car working on compressed air. Its range was 3 km. Another prototype in 2012 was presented by the Indian Tata Motors. The three-wheeled Tata Airpod could travel more than 200 km on one cylinder. In 2014, a concept of a hybrid power plant operating on compressed air was presented by the French company Peugeot-Citroën. The hydrogen fuel car is a concept that has long been trying to occupy a niche in the automotive industry. The hydrogen internal combustion engine was invented by the French inventor François-Isaac de Rivaz more than two centuries ago in 1806. Today, its principle was simple. The mixture consisting of hydrogen and oxygen was set on fire in a spark in the cylinder, and this made the engine work. Just like in the case of an ordinary diesel engine operating on gasoline. And another example. Hydrogen fuel for ordinary diesel engines was used in September 1941 in the blockade of Leningrad. This is a well-known case in history when in just 10 days hydrogen fuel was used in the blockade of Leningrad. But it seems that in order to split the water into oxygen and hydrogen, to use it as fuel, you need to spend a lot of energy. And in general, the process of electrolysis of water is energetically unprofitable. However, not everyone thought so. This is the inventor Stanley Mayer. Forty years ago, he invented and built the famous news station Vagayo. So what happened to Stanley Mayer? Was gilded by potential investors? Did they give him a lot of money to build a car? No, everything was wrong. At first, after the appearance in the news of Stan and his videos, some experts began to call Stan a swindler. And then he died. Officially from cerebral aneurysm. But the inventor's brother told another story. During dinner with investors from Belgium, a man dropped a piece of metal from the door, jumped out of the door, fell on his knees and was torn out. To the question, what happened? He answered, they poisoned me. In the 90s of the last century, the physicist and inventor Spartak Mikhailovich Poliakov was engaged in anti-gravity capabilities . He managed to design the so-called upper inertial engine. He was able to create a liquid mercury with a channel in a closed space. Poliakov was able to obtain a small level of thrust of several kilograms. The whole course of the experiment is described in his scientific work Introduction to Experimental Gravitonics. But it all started much earlier. In 1875, in one of the Indian temples, scientists discovered an ancient written treatise called Vimanika Shastra. This document was written in 1875. It contains a detailed description of ancient aircraft. If you look closely, these aircraft are very similar to the NLO we know. According to this source, it was mercury that ancient people used as fuel for these devices. And this find seriously affected the further technical progress of the Third Reich. The Germans were primarily interested in the applied side of ancient technology and the production of ancient aircraft. Pragmatic Germans decided that ancient people could not invent all this just like that. Moreover, the documents contained recent evidence of the creation of aircraft with a propulsion system based on mercury. In May 1895, an unmanned aircraft was tested on one of the beaches of Bombay. It was created by the professor of the Bombay School of Arts, and it was the first aircraft of the same type. The propeller, equipped with a mercury engine, rose 450 meters up, stayed there for a few minutes and went down to the same place. The witnesses of this event were not only ordinary citizens, but also state figures. Apparently, all this was enough for the German scientific elite to start serious development in this direction. And now let's talk. Maybe even if amazing technologies do appear, they will, to put it mildly, not be for everyone? Ordinary earthlings will suffer from overpopulation, diseases and wars. But the richest inhabitants of the Earth, for example, will create their own isolated world, for example, in floating cities not controlled by any government. Or, in general, as Hollywood predicts, will leave the planet and move away from the Earth. And for the rest, slums on Earth, struggle for survival in dangerous and harmful conditions of the environment and labor. Or everything will be much. And that's all for today. Set up your autopilot on this channel and you will learn a lot of interesting things.