오순제 교수의 가야사 강좌 | 40강 | 성산가야 그들은 누구인가?

Yes, hello. It is also called Seongsan Gaya or Byukjin Gaya in the Hoogi Gaya Alliance. Now, we say Byukjin Gaya or Seongsan Gaya. The reason is that the Samguk Yusa sees Seongsan Gaya as Byukjin Gaya. Because Seongjuk remains in the Byukjin area. But why do you avoid the word Seongsan Gaya? There is a reason. The name Seongsan remains in Goryeong. Because it should remain in Seongju, but it is not Seongju. It remains in the Seongsan area of Goryeong. As a result, chaos occurs, so it is called Byukjin Gaya. But now it's Seongju, so it's Seongsan Gaya. Both are used a lot. But what does Byukjin Gaya mean? Byukjin Gaya. Byukjin Gaya is a field with a wall. But Jeolla-do and Gyeongsang-do are a little different. The terrain is a little different. The reason is that there are some places surrounded by mountains on the Nakdong River. The largest of them is Hamchang. It's very wide. So Goryeong Gaya was used. In the case of Geumgang Gaya, the Gimhae Plain is very wide, but as I have already explained, there was no Gimhae Plain in the Samguk and Geumgang Gaya eras. It was all the sea. You shouldn't misunderstand that. Seongsan Gaya was in Gyeongsan in the early days of Goryeo. Gyeongsangbun is now Seongju. And if you look here, there was Bonpihyeon in Yeongyeon of Seongsanbun, but Shinhwa said it was Gyeongsangbun. Where is Gyeongsangbun now? Seongju, Seongju. Let's take a look at the ancient ruins of Seongsan Gaya. If you look at the ruins of the Cheongdong period, Seongsan Eup, Hangwolmyeon, Chojeonmyeon, there were high-altitude stones of the Cheongdong period. And when it was the Iron Age, Jangakri Ruins. In the early days of the Cheongdong period, there were four Togakmyeons. Triangular clay pottery, Juyongtogi, these things appeared quite early in the Gyeongbuk area. So I think it goes up to the 2nd century BC with Daegu Paldal-dong and Wolseong-dong. Then in the Sangheonri Ruins, there are pottery and stone knives. Then in the middle to late 1st century BC, Wajil-togi appears. Triangular clay pottery, what was there before is gone, and what comes out is Wajil-togi. Then it's the Wonsanguk period, and it will be the early days of the Wonsanguk period. At that time, the most important place is Baekjeonri, Yesanri Ruins. This is a horse-shaped belt, a buckle, a knife, a seven-edged fan, a bead necklace, these things are coming out. So if you look at the Baekjeonri Ruins again, there are quite a lot of 41 pieces of wood in Seongjube, Yesanri, and Baekjeonri. So this period is from the first half of the 1st century BC to the second half of the 2nd century. This is AD. This is the early ruins of the Wonsanguk period. So maybe beef was formed around here. So it develops through three stages. The first stage is the middle of the first half of the 1st century BC. At this time, iron will appear. Based on the wooden handle, we have a spear, an iron spear, an iron sword, a sword, a sword, a chopper, an iron axe, and then a sickle. So it is the head of the nine classes at this time. The second stage is from the middle of the first half of the BC to the second half of the BC. Iron spear, tiger buckle, and so on. So if you look here, the 31 pieces of wood are the central ruins. The third stage is from the second half of the AD. So what comes out of Gaamri? Geumdonggwan. Geumdonggwan is around the 4th century. Now, if you look here, the country that is now designated as Seongju-gun is estimated to be a semi-prosperous country. We are looking at the semi-prosperous country of the Samhan period. Let's take a look at Geumdonggwan from Seongju. This is the 4th century, right? There is a border like this, and there are three pillars like this, and there is a round shape like this, and it is like this like a leaf. Geumdonggwan, which has these three pillars in the decoration of flowers and grass, came out. After the 4th century, at this time, the influence of Shilla was not yet visible, so it had a very close relationship with Daegaya in Goryeong. So it's in the Daegaya region. The evidence is that the Western food appeared in the east of Rakdonggang yesterday, at the end of the 4th century, in the middle of the 5th century. It's Ki. It appears at this time, and what appears here? Daegaya Western food is appearing like this. Looking at that, I think that until this time, there was at least Daegaya in Goryeong. And in the 417th year of the Samguksa period, there is a story about Park Jae-sang's passion. Park Jae-sang is recommended, because if you look here, King Nolji, who was sent to Goguryeo, is looking for a soldier to save his brothers. Who is recommended? It's Park Jae-sang. But there are three people who recommended Park Jae-sang. Suju-chon-gan, Il-ri-chon-gan, and Lee-yu-chon-gan. These names come out, and who is Il-ri-chon-gan among them? He was in Seongju region. Looking at that, Seongju region is in the Shilla area to some extent, and it's 417 years. It is in the influence of Shilla, but I think it has some autonomy. So you can see that Seongju region became Shilla in the early 5th century. Among the historical records of the Samguk period, the 12 historical records of Seongju, especially Mokgwak 1-15, What comes out here is the Gosik's Dojil-togi, so it's Gyeongjil-togi. These things are coming out all the time, but where are these things like Lee Dan-tu-chang-go-bae and Baryeong-gi-dae following? It's the east of the Akdong River, so what is the west? It's the Daegaya. It's not that way, it's the shape of the east, so it's the Shilla. So if you look here, from the beginning of the 5th century to the end, Mokgwak 1-1, and then 24-5, the eastern forms coming out of these places show that the Seongju region of Shilla was dominated. Nam Ik-hee is looking at it like this. Next, let's look at Seongsan-dong Gobun-gun. This is the most important Gobun-gun. This Gobun-gun has Seongsan-seong behind it. Under Seongsan-seong, there is Seongsan-dong Gobun-gun, the most important Gobun-gun in Seongju. It's made of stone at the top of the mountain, but it's not being investigated right now. Why? Because there are military facilities. Actually, we need to investigate this, but we can't. And based on Seongsan-dong Gobun-gun, Yonggang-ri, Myeongcheon-ri, these Gobun-guns are the important centers at that time. You can see it like this. So these three are the most important, and the most important of them is Seongsan-dong Gobun-gun. And what's behind Seongsan-dong Gobun-gun? There was Seongsan-seong. Now, Seongsan-dong Gobun-gun is the grave of the forces that ruled Seongju in the form of an indirect rule of Shilla. If you look at the relics that come out of here, you can see that it continues from the 5th century to the 6th century. So the relative year of the Gobun-gun is the same as this. If you look here, it's the 2nd, 38th, 1st, 58th, 59th, 57th, and 6th. The first part is horizontal, so it's on the side. And the second part is the head, so there's a head and a head. The head is buried by the body, and the head is buried by the head. This is the headstone. The 6th part is the headstone. This is the headstone. The headstone has a hole in it, and it's pierced in a zigzag. The one pierced in a straight line is the headstone, and the one pierced in a zigzag is the Shilla. The headstone is a little different. One of the biggest tombs in Seongsan-dong is the 48th part. It's made up of a main and a secondary. Especially, the 8th part of Seongsan-dong is a Hwangyeol-style stone room shown in Gyeongju. This is very important. And in the 1st part of Seongsan-dong, there are various things like Eunjae's coffin, Eunjae's earrings, Eunjae's belt, and Hwandoo-daedo. In the 2nd part, there's a hand knife, an iron rod, and a silver chain. We did an excavation survey of Seongsan-dong Gobung-gun in the Japanese colonial era. After the liberation, we excavated about 5 tombs. There are various things here. There are Eunjae's hangyeok, Jaegal-gyo-gu, pottery, and Maguryu. But the relics excavated from Seongsan-dong Gobung-gun are from the ancient area, the west. Unlike this area, most of the relics are from the east, Daegu. If you look here, there is a flower garden in Daegu. It's across the Nakdong River. It's very similar to the relics from that area. When you look at this, you can see that this area is in the form of Shilla. This is Seongsan-dong Gobung-gun. There are a lot of them. So this was the central area. And Myeongcheon-ri Gobung-gun and Halmisan-seong. This is from the middle to the end of the 5th century. Seongsan-dong Gobung-gun and Myeongcheon-ri Gobung-gun. I told you that three places are important. One of them is Myeongcheon-ri Gobung-gun, not Seongsan-dong Gobung-gun. Myeongcheon-ri Gobung-gun has Halmisan-seong behind it. Seongsan-ri Gobung-gun has Seongsan-seong behind it. But in the middle of the 5th century, Daegwaja expands. So at this time, Shilla controls Daegu area. An important Gobung-gun that appeared at this time is Dalseong-ri Gobung-gun. Munsan-ri Gobung-gun appears in Dalseong-ri Gobung-gun. This is Daegwaja and this is Seongsan-gwaja. So it was to control Daegwaja, which was influenced by the eastern region of the Nakdong River. Halmisan-seong is located in Myeongcheon-ri Gobung-gun in Geumsu-myeon. It is at the top of the mountain, 315 meters above sea level. Pogok-sik is a small mountain with a valley in the middle. Pogok-sik is a large mountain with a valley in the middle. Myeongcheon-ri Gobung-gun is located about 1.1 km south of Pogok-sik. Myeongcheon-ri Gobung-gun is located 25 km south of Pogok-sik. Seongsan-dong Gobung-gun is located 25 km south of Pogok-sik. This is Myeongcheon-ri. Seongsan-dong Gobung-gun is located 1 km south of Pogok-sik. This is the center. This is the central area and this is the central area. These two areas played a very important role in Seongsan-gaya. Why is this area important? It is to control Daegaya. At that time, Myeongcheon-ri Gobung-gun and Halmisan-seong were located. There is Halmisan-seong here. I can explain it like that. Seongju-gun has four counties in Seongsan-gaya. The first county is Su-dong. Where is it now? It is in Indong-dong, Gumi-si. Now it is in Indong-dong, Gumi-si. And where is it now? It is in Yangmok-myeon, Chilgok-gun. What is in Indong-dong, Gumi-si? There is Hwangsang-dong Gobung-gun and Cheonsaengsa. It is a very important place. And what is in Yangmok-myeon, Chilgok-gun? There is Murim-ri Gobung-gun and Yangmok Gobung-gun. These are all important areas. And what is in Sinan-hyeon? It is the center of Seongsan-gaya, Seongju-gun and Seongju-up. And where is it in Dosan-hyeon? It is in Gacheon-myeon, Seongju-gun. And what is left here? There is Dokyongsan-dong. What is in Seongju-gun and Seongju-up? Not only Seongsan-dong Gobung-gun, but also Unjeong-dong, Jasan-dong Gobung-gun in Gyeokjin-myeon, Janghak-dong Gobung-gun in Seondan-myeon, Myungpo-dong, and Yongsin-dong Gobung-gun in Sinbu-dong. These are all surrounded. As you can see, this is the center of Seongsan-gaya. Next, let's divide the area of Seongsan-gaya into east, west, south, and north. Where is east? It is Nakdong-gang. And what is across Nakdong-gang? It is Dalseong-munsan-ri Gobung-gun. So, between Nakdong-gang and Seongju-yangsik, which is Seongsan-gaya, and Daegu-yangsik, you can see the other Yangsang. So, Nakdong-gang is the eastern end of Seongju-yangsik. And this is Munsan-ri Gobung-gun in Dalseong. And this is Shilla-si Geumdong-gang. And where is west? It is Daega-cheon in south of Seongju-eup. And what is here? It is Myungcheon-ri Gobung-gun. And what is around here? It is Okhwari-ri Gobung-gun. Here, you can see both Seongju-yangsik and Gyeongju-yangsik. And what is in the south of Daega-cheon? It is Daega-ya-yangsik. So, Daega-ya-yangsik is in Daega-ya-bunpo-gun. So, Daega-cheon is in the south-north. In the north, it is Seongju and Seongsan-ga-ya. And in the south, it is Daega-ya. You can see these two are contrasting each other. I am showing it clearly. If you look at it now, it is here. This is Seongju, like this. I have shown you the area where the relics of Seongsan-ga-ya come out. This is Nakdong-gang. This is Daegu-gu. And then, I have shown you the south border. This is the center of Myeongpori Gobung-gun. There are Gobung-guns like Bonlin-ri and Yongjeong-ri. And then, the north-east. This is very important. The outer river and Chilgok. What is important here is Yangmok-gobung-gun. These are coming out. You can see it like this. And then, if you look here, Among the ones coming out of Yangmok-gobung-gun, There is a relic of Seongju and Seongsan-ga-ya. This is the same as coming out of Seongsan-dong Gobung-gun. So, the people buried here can be seen as the lower class of Seongsan-dong Gobung-gun. So, this is in the mid-to-late 5th century. So, if you look here, you can see that Yangmok-gobung-gun played a very important role. And then, on the Chilgok side, there is Shimcheon-ri Gobung-gun. So, if you look at No. 24 and No. 38, You can see the typical pottery of Seongju style. And then, in No. 165, there are two lines like this. These patterns are engraved all the way. And then, in Yonggak and Sujong-ri Gobung-gun, There is a pottery of Seongju style. So, if you look here, when did this form appear? Seongju style appears in the mid-to-late 5th century. So, it's similar to Yangmok-gobung-gun. So, you can see that Yangmok-gobung-gun and Shimcheon-ri Gobung-gun are the places where Seongsan-ga-ya expands its influence. Now, that's what I'm talking about. You can see that the Nakdong River is expanding to the outer river, Gumi, and this area. Now, where do you see the north-west? Kimcheon, Seongnae-dong of Kimcheon, and Chogok-dong on the south side of Kimcheon. It's coming out like this. So, if you look at it, this is Kimcheon. It's coming out here in the south of Kimcheon. You can see it like this. Next, when you look at it like that, you can see the pottery of Seongju style in Chilgok and Kimcheon centered on the exterior. When is this time? It's the mid-to-late 5th century. If you look at that, it shows that Seongsan-ga-ya played a very important role in this area. Overall, if you look at the exterior, Chilgok, Kimcheon, and further ahead, Seonsan, Sangju, Andong, and if you look east, Daegu, Hwawon, Munsan, Hyeonpung, and Changryeong. It's playing a role as a middle point connecting these places. So, at least, the political system of Seongsan-ga-ya is expanding these areas along the Nakdong River in the middle of the 5th century. You can see that it's expanding its influence. Among them, if you look at it earlier, you can see the pottery of Seongju style in Yangmok-gobun-gun and Simcheon-ri-gobun-gun. The power of Seongsan-ga-ya at this time is expanding from the mid-to-late 5th century. So, Seongsan-ga-ya is not a very dense study, but at least, it's centered on Seongsan-ga-ya, and it's expanding its influence along the Nakdong River. You can see that it was like that in the middle of the 5th century. So, if you look here, you can see the central area centered on Seongsan-dong-gobun-gun, and the second central area centered on Myeongcheon-ri-gobun-gun. So, you can say that this area is to control Daega-ya. So, I've been looking at Seongsan-ga-ya or Byukjin-ga-ya. That's all.