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They all lie on the same plane, they rotate in the same direction. It's perfect, it's amazing, and it's majestic. The universe, no matter how hard you try, you will never be able to imagine it. How small is the proton? It's too small. Proton is a very small part of an atom. The proton is so small that the dot of this letter Y can contain about 500 billion protons, more than the number of seconds in half a million years. So the proton is extremely small, you could say the smallest. Now imagine you can capture one of those protons, which is only 1% of its normal size. You put it in a space so small that a proton is considered a giant object. Then you put it in that tiny space, 1 oz, which is about 28.35 grams of matter. Great, you're ready to build a universe. And if you want to build an ancient universe, the Big Bang universe, you will need a few more materials. In fact, you need to collect everything, all the dust and all the particles of matter. And compress them into a point so small that it has no size anymore. This is a miracle point. In any case, you need to be prepared for a real big explosion. Naturally, you want to avoid a safe place to observe this whole situation. But unfortunately, there is nowhere to avoid because outside this miracle point, there is nowhere. Then the universe begins to develop. It does not expand to fill a large space. The only space that exists is the space it creates when it moves. Naturally, we imagine this miracle point as a dot wandering in the dark, in an infinite space. But there is no space, there is no dark. This miracle point has nothing around it. There is no space for anything to exist. Time does not exist. There is no past there. And so our universe originates from zero. Only in a single quantity, this moment happens extremely fast. In the first moment of vibration, energy and other forces are created. These forces control matter. In less than a minute, the universe expands, expands, and expands 1 trillion billion times, and develops at a rapid pace. Now there is a lot of heat, about 10 million degrees, enough to start a thermal reaction, to create lighter elements, mainly helium and helium, with about 1 atom, compared to 100 million atoms of lithium. In 3 minutes, 98% of the matter is created. We have a universe. It is the strangest place, the most beautiful, bringing the greatest satisfaction. And everything happens in a period of time, we can make a sandwich cake. When this moment happens, is another issue being debated. Astronomers have argued a lot about whether this moment happened 10 billion years ago, 20 billion years ago, or 15 billion years ago. In the end, it seems that they agreed that it was 13.7 billion years ago. But we have a very difficult time when measuring this number. All we can say here is that it happened at an unstable time, in a very distant past. For some unknown reasons, that moment is scientifically regarded as T equal to 0. Of course, there are many things we don't know, and most of what we think we know are things we don't know or don't think about for a long time. Even the concept of Big Bang has only recently appeared. This concept first appeared in the 1920s, when Georges Lemaître, a British astronomer, first proposed it. But until the 1960s, this concept had only become an official concept in astronomy, when two young astronomers accidentally made an extraordinary discovery. Their names were Arnold Penzias and Robert Wilson. In 1965, they tried to use the name of the Bell Laboratory in Honden, New Jersey. But they had difficulty because of a long noise, a sound created by the water, which prevented them from performing any experiments. This noise existed for a long time and it was impossible to determine the source that created it. It originated from every point in the sky, day and night, from one month to the next. For a year, the Bell Laboratory did everything they could to stop this noise. They checked all power systems. They reconstructed all equipment. They checked the power circuits. They cleaned and sanitized all power outlets. They did everything. But no matter what they did, they still failed. They didn't know that 30 years ago, at Princeton University, a group of scientists led by Robert Dick were studying the sound that two young astrophysicists were trying to eliminate. The researchers at Princeton were pursuing an idea that was mentioned in the 1940s by a Russian astrophysicist named George Gamow. This idea said that if you look deep enough into space, you will discover some of the basic distances of the universe, Gamow calculated that when the distance occurs in the vast space of the universe, it will come to Earth in the form of a spiral. In a previous article, he even proposed a tool that could do this, the Bell Antenna at Homedale. It's a shame that both Penzias and Wilson and the scientists at Princeton University couldn't read this article. What Penzias and Wilson could hear was, of course, the sound that Gamow had recognized. They had found the core of the universe, or at least a part of it, 90 billion light-years away. They had seen the first photons, the farthest light in the universe. Although time and distance had transformed them into waves, Gamow had predicted in his book that Ellen Goode provided a method to make this discovery possible. If you think about exploring the depths of the universe, it's like looking down from a 100-story building, with the 100th floor symbolizing the present and the street symbolizing the moment of the Big Bang. Most of the galaxies that we can explore appear in the 60th floor, and most of the objects at the farthest, the neutrons, appear in the 20th floor. We still don't know what caused this noise. Wilson and Penzias called Dick at Princeton University and told him about their confusion, hoping that Dick could help them find a solution. Dick immediately understood what these two young men had been looking for. Ah, boys, I've got a clue. Dick told the boys when he turned off the computer. Not long after that, the Astronomical Science published two articles, one by Penzias and Wilson describing what they experienced with the noise, and one by a group of researchers Although previously Penzias and Wilson had no intention of finding the basic origin of the universe, they didn't know what it was when they found it, and they didn't describe or express its characteristics in writing, but they still received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1978. The researchers at Princeton only received the appreciation. According to Dennis Overby, in the universe, both Penzias and Wilson did not understand the meaning of what they had found until they read it in the New York Times. Coincidentally, the noise from the basic origin of the universe is something we can all feel. Turn on the TV, choose any channel without sound, and about one percent of what you see on the screen is the rest of this Big Bang. Next time, you will complain that there is nothing to watch on any TV channel. Remember that you can always observe the origin of the universe right on the TV screen. Although people call it Big Bang, many books advise us not to see it as an explosion in the common sense. To put it bluntly, the Big Bang is a huge, extraordinary event. So what caused it? It is believed that this strange event is a trace of a previous cosmic disappearance. That we are just one of countless cosmic disappearances, like a ball in an oxygen pump. Some people see Big Bang as a directionless field or a vacuum of energy. Big Bang can't get anything from the vacuum, but the truth is that there was once a vacuum, and now we have a universe. Maybe our universe is just a small part of many larger universes with different sizes, and Big Bang events still happen all over space. Or maybe space and time have a completely different form before Big Bang happened. Forms that are so strange that we can't imagine. And maybe this Big Bang represents a transition period, a period when the universe changes from a form we can't understand to a form we can understand. This is very similar to what is said in religions. Dr. Andre Lind, a Stanford cosmologist, told the New York Times in 2001. The theory of Big Bang does not talk about this explosion, but talks about what happens after the explosion. Not long after that, please remember to calculate and carefully consider what happens in quantum machines. Scientists believe they can go back 10 negative 43 seconds after the explosion You have to use a microscope to see it. We don't need to be too surprised by this number. But maybe we also need to remember that this is a fairly long number. So 10 negative 43 is also called a part of 10 trillion billion billion of a second. Most of what we know or believe that we know about the first moments of the universe is thanks to the idea of studying the discovery of the universe. It was first introduced in 1979 by a quantum physicist. Then at Stanford, now at MIT, named Alan Guth. He is 32 years old, according to his admission. Before that, he had never participated in many experiments. If he did not happen to participate in the theory of Big Bang then perhaps he would never have been able to learn this wonderful theory. The theory of Big Bang inspired Guth, made him passionate about cosmology, and especially the formation of the universe. The final result is the theory of the explosion of the universe. This theory says that a small part of a moment after the formation of the universe, the universe undergoes a huge explosion. It erupts. In fact, it is self-expanding, changing its size every 10.34-seconds. The entire process of expansion probably took place in 10.30-seconds, a part of a million, million, million of a second. But it has changed the universe from something you can hold in your hand to something bigger at least 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 times. The theory of the explosion of the universe explains the near waves and the whirlwinds in the universe. If that does not happen, then no matter can exist, even the stars. At that time, there is only a faint air and endless night. According to Guth's theory, in about 1 in 10,000,000,000,000,000 of a second after the moment of the formation of the universe, gravity appears. After a period of time After a very short time, it is combined with electromagnetic and other nuclear forces. Materials are formed into matter. These things are combined with each other in a moment by countless basic particles. Materials of materials. From nothing, suddenly appear countless protons, protons, electrons, neutrons, and so on. From about 1079 up to 1089 of each type, according to the equation. Of course, such numbers are extremely large numbers. Just in a moment, we have this vast universe. At least, this universe also has a diameter of 100 billion light years, according to this equation. But it is also possible to have infinite sizes. The extraordinary thing here is that this universe is not suitable for our existence. If the universe is formed a little differently, if the gravity is stronger or weaker, if the expansion of the universe occurs faster or slower, then perhaps the elements that make up you and me will never appear. If the gravity is stronger than a little, then this universe has collapsed like an old, rotten cauldron. However, if it is a little weaker, then nothing can form a block, and this universe will forever be a ruined, chaotic thing. This is one of the reasons why some experts believe that there may have been many other big explosions, maybe millions of explosions like that, endless, and that the reason we exist on this planet is because this is the planet we can exist on. The founder of Columbia University once said, when answering the question why did that happen? I often give a simple proposition that our universe is just one of the explosions that happened over and over again. In addition, Goode also said, although the formation of the universe may be very vague, Trian emphasized that no one can count all our previous failures. Martin Rees, a British astronomer, believes that there are many different universes, maybe countless. Each universe has its own characteristics, has different combinations, and that we are only living in one universe that can connect everything in the way we can exist. He presented the following argument, if there is a very large clothing store, you are not surprised when you find a suit that fits you. If there are many universes, each universe controls many different universes, there will be a place that is suitable for human life. We are in that place. Rees confirmed that there are 6 parameters that govern our universe, and that as long as one of these 6 parameters changes a little, immediately everything is strongly affected. For example, if the universe exists as it is now, it requires that the amount of hydrogen is converted into helium at an extremely accurate rate. 7% of its mass is converted into energy. As long as this number changes a little, for example, from 0.007% to 0.006%, then no transformation can occur. This universe is just full of hydrogen, nothing else. Suppose this value increases a little, 0.008%, all connections will be broken. In any case, with a very small change of these 6 parameters, our universe will not exist. I can say that so far, everything is still going very well. Over time, gravity can become a little smaller, and one day it can affect the expansion of the universe and make the universe collapse into itself. As long as the universe is forced to become something else, maybe the whole process of the formation of the universe reappears. On the other hand, it can become too weak and the universe will not stop separating forever until all objects are destroyed. Then the universe becomes a mass of gas, without life, but extremely large. Maybe gravity does not change and it allows this life to continue to exist forever. These three possibilities are called closed, open and flat. The problem here is what will happen if we get out of this universe? Where will your head be if it no longer exists within the scope of the universe? What is outside this universe? The answer here is really disappointing that you will never be able to get out of this universe. Not because you have to spend a very long time to do this, although it is true, but because even if you move outwards along a straight line you will never reach the edge of the universe. You will never reach the edge of the universe. Instead, you will return to where you started. Then, perhaps, you will give up. The reason here is that the universe is round and close to some plane, so we can not accurately describe the universe according to Einstein's theory of relativity. We can know that we are not floating in a giant bubble that is constantly expanding. To put it bluntly, space exists along a curve. This allows it to become not flat but finite. Even space is not considered to be expanding. According to the physicist who won the Nobel Prize Steven Weinberg, even space is not expanding. To put it bluntly, galaxies do not move apart. This is a big challenge to human intelligence. Or as the biologist J.P.S. Haldane once said, the universe is not only more bizarre than we think, it is also more bizarre than we can imagine. A theory often used to explain the space is that we imagine a person coming from a flat universe. He has never seen any curve. This is the first time he has come to Earth. No matter how far he moves on Earth, he will never find the edge of Earth. He can even move around and return to his origin. So what happened? Yes, we are also in such a situation in space. And we are also confused in the same way. Because there is no place for you to find the edge of the universe, so there is no place for you to stand in the center and say that this is where everything starts. This is the center of the universe. All of us are standing in its center. In fact, we don't know for sure. We can't prove it by mathematics. Scientists admit that we can't be the center of the universe, but all observers feel that we are in the center of the universe. Anyway, we still don't know for sure. For us, the universe is billions of light years since the universe was formed. The universe that we can observe and talk about it has a width of 1 trillion trillion trillion. But according to most theories, the universe is still wider than that. According to Riesz, the number of light years to go all the width of the universe is not 10 zeros or 100 zeros, but millions of zeros. Over a long period of time, the Big Bang theory always brings a hole that makes many people confused. It can't explain why we are here. Although 98% of the existing matter is created by the Big Bang, the matter includes light gases such as helium, hydrogen, and lithium. But not a heavy gas needs our life carbon, nitro, oxygen, and so on to cause this explosion. And this is a very confusing point. To get these heavy elements, you need to have the heat and energy of the Big Bang. However, when the Big Bang happens, it still can't create these heavy elements. So where do they come from? Interesting! The person who found the answer to this question is a cosmologist who always appreciates the value of science. We will talk about him in another video. What do you think about the above information? Leave your comments in the comment section for us to know. Don't forget to subscribe to Radio Vũ Trụ to see the latest videos.