สารคดี สำรวจโลก ตอน เรื่องเล่าจากอวกาศ | Next Step

2005 is the year of discovery and adventure. The most interesting story of the year is the return of the Discovery Space Shuttle at the end of July. But the Space Shuttle is not the only important story of 2005. The Space Shuttle from the planet Earth has succeeded in doing special things around the solar system and reached a much closer distance. In 2005, we had more than 5 Space Shuttles to explore the planet. 3 of them looked down from the orbit and the other 2 looked at the surface of the planet. The Spirit Rover climbed up the mountain of Columbia and looked down at the GoodSafe cave. The images were very interesting. The Rover found the Dust Devil from the planet and we saw the storm of Tornado on the planet. On the other side of the planet, the Spirit Rover, Opportunity, had a sandstorm at Meridiani, Pranab. In 2005, NASA's astronauts showed their potential at the California Control Center while they took the Cassini-Huygens rover around the stars, avoiding the orbit and the moon. In January, the Cassini Orbiter sent the Huygens rover to the surface of the moon of Titan to see if there was anything hidden under the atmosphere. We saw the details of the surface for the first time. The world of the clouds, the strange methane, and the Earth-like Earth. The Cassini Orbiter orbited the moon for almost 3 times in 2005. That made us see beautiful images of the ring as well as many moons in the 47 planets of Saturn. 2005 was the year of the Star Dust. The Star Dust rover was on its way back to Earth from the Y2 asteroid along with the dust of the asteroid on the rover. On January 4, the second mission, Deep Impact, arrived at the asteroid Tempel 1 and we saw a meteor shower. When the rover approached the asteroid, it hit the target and we saw what happened. In 2005, the Cassini Orbiter looked deeper into space than ever. The Hubble Space Telescope and the Hubble Space Telescope made us see a new perspective on the beautiful and strange universe that has gone out of our solar system. We took pictures of the universe at the beginning of the 500 million years after the Big Bang which most scientists believe created our universe. The Soho and Thrace Satellites made us see the perspective of the sun that we have never seen before. We should be able to see the sun in the 11th year of the solar system but the sun looks like we don't know. The black spot on the sun, the release of energy and the reflection on the surface of the sun made us notice that the sun is constantly moving. And now 33 years after the Big Bang the last 17 Apollo astronauts walked and worked here. The moon has become a human landmark once again when there was a plan to build a base on the moon. But don't be surprised that the impression of the return of the Discovery Space Telescope in 2005 has become a story of the space of the year. It is something that is interesting to people all over the world. For more than two years NASA has been trying to understand the reason for the Columbia incident in 2003. Two years of sadness have brought together and worked together very hard. But at the beginning of 2005 the Discovery Space Telescope was prepared to go to the 39B launch site at Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Seven astronauts were ready to board the spacecraft. The important task was not for this mission but for the future of the entire space project. As it was many years ago the Discovery Space Telescope went to the 39B launch site at Kennedy Space Center in Florida to launch STS-114. The journey to the launch site was normal as far as we know. But in the middle of all the normal this mission was the beginning of the new space project. In the familiar scene for those who like to watch space all over the world finally the giant space station was on the launch pad pointing to the sky. The launch date was set to be July 13. All seven astronauts arrived. The director of Discovery Irene Collins was the first female astronaut of the Discovery during STS-84 in 1997. The mission was to send the spacecraft to the space station which was about to run out of time. I felt small when I stood here but it was a great honor. Andy Thomas, an Australian who is an expert has been on three space flights already. The team has many experts and this flight depends on their experience. While the countdown continued Hurricane Dennis was heading to Gulf Coast. The director observed the weather and checked the sensors on the spacecraft closely. Today is like any other day which is very stressful. We spent two and a half years on this mission so we were very stressed after the accident. Six hours later, the astronauts started to get ready. The crew on STS-114 got on the spacecraft and were ready to launch. But the storm was coming close to the launch pad and the chance of being late increased from 40% to 60%. There were also other problems. The sensors on the orange exoskeleton were not working as expected. But they knew it was wrong. Discovery, we can hear you clearly. Now we are going to update STS. The launch director talked to Eilidh and as soon as I heard he said he wanted to talk to Eilidh. I knew something was wrong. Mike Labesh, the launch director came to us and said there was a problem with the eco-sensor. We might not be able to leave today. So I thought it would take a while before we could leave, not tomorrow for sure. If we can't distinguish the problem and understand that we have three machines that work well, it shouldn't be a problem. But we know that we have to check the inside of the tank. While the crew was waiting for the launch, the launch director came down to confirm the original schedule. On January 16, 2003, two years before that, the countdown went as planned and the Columbia STS-107 launched. But there was something wrong. The foam as big as a travel bag hit the front wing of the spacecraft during the launch. The crew didn't realize it and continued to work. They conducted 80 tests during the 16-day mission to study the impact of spaceflight on humans. On February 1, while the temperature dropped from the orbit to the Earth's atmosphere, the control room lost contact with the Columbia. The heat sensor showed that the foam was starting to burn near the area where the foam hit the wing. The damage was very serious. It lasted only 6 minutes. And with the memory of the Columbia still in his mind, the engineers of STS-114 stuck to the safety principle and postponed the launch. In my spaceflight, we launched on time. This was the first time I was prepared for the launch. But then we had to take off and go back to the dock as usual. It was a strange day. We had no idea what to do with it. We had to get better engineers to look at the echo sensors to see what the problem was. But I couldn't remember the source of the problem. The fault-tracking radiation sensor was on the outer wing of one of the four spaceships. It assured us that the engine would stop in the right moment during the launch. We were able to launch safely without the sensor. The flight attendants had already done it. We didn't have to use the fourth sensor for the original test. It would take too long to send the spacecraft back to the dock. I was forced to decide to fix the launch date. We thought we couldn't fix it in time. We thought there was no way to go to July or September. The radiation sensor was the latest device that NASA has been working on for the past 2.5 years after the Columbia incident. After the accident, NASA reconsidered the space program once again. It stated that the program required a technical update and a comprehensive plan for the launch and launch process. While NASA's CEO was trying to change the way astronauts fly in space, the engineers turned to the beauty of space. Their focus was on protecting the astronauts from the impact of space during the launch. Because of the foam coming out of the outer hull which caused serious damage to Columbia, the engineers designed a new hull to solve the problem. They also installed a camera on the outer hull to see if there was any foam coming out of the outer hull during the launch. NASA was aware of the necessity to do the right thing. Within 2.5 years between Columbia and Discovery, the engineers have solved many small problems such as the wrong radiation sensor. Now, the expertise and expertise of the beauty of space team focuses on the sensor. It can be fixed within 2 weeks. NASA and the Department of Space schedule a new launch on May 26. Only 13 days after the first launch was cancelled, NASA is ready to try again. The weather is as good as it can be. Discovery Space Center is located on the launch pad 39B at Kennedy Space Center waiting for the astronauts to take off. We are ready to launch the Kevin Van Hysel Wow. The weather is very good. We have been working for a long time to get to this point. Next is what we have done hundreds of times. I believe that you are fully prepared to countdown. In the dressing room, the astronauts prepare for the flight of life again. In less than half an hour, the astronauts will board the Kevin Van Hysel Wow on the launch pad 39B. The atmosphere affects everyone in the control room as well. Now the astronauts are preparing to board the Kevin Van Hysel Wow on the launch pad 39B. The first person to board is Director Irene Collins. This will be her fourth flight and the second flight as a director. CTR-NTB, we can hear you clearly. Welcome, Irene. Thank you, Jeff. Can you hear me clearly? Then, Charlie Kamada. The young man sends the last message to his family before entering the cabin. He is an astronaut. Jim Kelly is the next astronaut. This is the second time that Jim flies the space shuttle. The chief of the mission, Andy Thomas, has flown the space shuttle three times. Wendy Lawrence will be in charge of the space shuttle, which is very important for the mission on the space shuttle. This is the Japanese astronaut, Noguchi. He is the first Japanese astronaut Steve Robinson is the last one. Robinson and Noguchi are the spacewalk team. They will install new equipment at the space station and test the beautiful repair technique. MHS-2 is on board now. All the passengers are on board. With seven passengers from the beginning to the end, the whole loading process takes three and a half hours. OTC, OTC, it's done. All passengers, this is NC, the launch control system. We are ready to launch. And then we can start. OTC, OTC, it's go. TBC. Although there is a lot of stress in the room of the space station and the command room, the years of training have shown results. We are ready to launch. STM, STM, go. Safety console. Guns, let's go for launch. Max, Eagle, go. ECOM. The mission management team is working no problem. We are go for launch. Thank you, sir. Okay, Irene. The long-awaited launch is coming to an end. I would like to be a representative of the millions of people who believe in what we do. Good luck and have fun. Thank you, everyone in the space project. Everyone must be ready. Discovery, OTC. It's time to take off again. We look forward to seeing you again in the next two weeks. OTC, Discovery, thank you very much. At 6 minutes, the metal frame is removed from the propeller. The test of the torque and engine control is the last step before the explosion. Discovery, OTC, close and lock your visors and initiate O2 flow. The special high-altitude flying aircraft is equipped with a high-definition gyroscope camera. It will move up to follow the flight pattern of the space beauty from above and provide the engineers with photo evidence of the launch. This time, it is a high-definition camera. The clock starts to countdown from 6 seconds. OTC, OTC. Another high-definition camera is ready to capture the space beauty that was launched. The work of the space beauty was switched to the Discovery computer system. The handoff has occurred. Discovery's computer is now controlling. The space aircraft stands still. They know what's going to happen. We're not sure what the consequences will be in the next 8 weeks. But we know that this is the most special experience a person can have. In 6 minutes, the aircraft starts to move. They speed up and check the so-called red line limit to make sure the aircraft is working well because it can still turn off if anything unusual happens. We have a long 6-minute period to determine whether the aircraft is going to turn off or not. Suddenly, there's a loud explosion around us. Everything is shaking violently. We can feel that we're being pushed back to our seats or we're about to take off. It's very exciting. The G-force increases as we sit on the rocket booster for 2 minutes. The propellant of the rocket burns violently. After 30 seconds, the 4.5-million-pound rocket travels at 400 miles per hour. In just 60 seconds, Discovery speeds up to 900 miles per hour. In just 60 seconds, Discovery speeds up to 900 miles per hour. For Irene Collins, this experience is unlike any other. When she's about to take off, the aircraft flies up to the atmosphere and her brain is racing. But inside the rocket, there's a pressure and we have to control our work and be ready for any possible accidents. It's like an exit. It's an exit that helps us cope with the situation without expressing too much emotion. After flying for 2 minutes, the speed is 3,000 miles per hour. Then we feel the big explosion around us. It spread all over the ship, while the crew's energy was separated. It was a very quiet flight. Some of the main engines were very noisy. It sounded faintly. We just speed up, speed up. We'll be up there for eight and a half weeks. Then the engines will shut down. And whatever is missing from the ship will float around us. We will meet with zero gravity when it comes to space. Discovery Space Station, which was launched for the first time in 1984, was named after two famous pilots, led by Henry Hudson, another pilot led by James Cook. The captains of both Discovery were first-world explorers. I still remember Alan Shepard, the first American in space. He entered his small Mercury capsule in 1961. The space station was controlled by the first generation of astronauts in the 1960s and 1970s, Mercury and Gemini. It was a small Apollo capsule with more than a small area. It was different from the beautiful space. It landed in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean or the Pacific. It returned to Earth and was sucked up by the crew. Let's go back to the program. Discovery, Toss-up, ATO. Go ahead, Alan. We have completed the actions. Go ahead, Alan. The spacecraft landed safely but the crew was glad that the flight control team thought it was just a brief moment. The camera's angle showed that the foam was leaking when it was released. Even though it was not hit by the rocket, the trust was broken. The foam problem was not solved and it worried the mission. How did it happen? After working so hard, what we understand about the foam is that there are many cases like that. We have a lot of knowledge that we never had before in Colombia. We understand each other more and more. But it happened again. We were surprised because we didn't expect it. I didn't have a lot of time to pay attention to it. I had to work immediately and look over the ship and what I did with STS-114 was to compare and do what the ship was sent to do and bring them back to Earth. One of the STS-114's missions was to test and use safety techniques and repair the new beautiful ship. The foam problem had to be avoided due to the urgency of the mission. The first mission was to examine the front wing and protect it from the heat by using a rover arm. The ship, led by Andy Thomas and Charlie Camada, will use a rover arm to observe the front wing to see if any damage will occur. We weren't sure about the boom and we had to make a 50-foot boom around the end of the long arm which is 50 feet around this thin frame. The front wing looks intact. Next, the team looks at the heat shield. Steve Robinson and Wendy Lawrence work quickly to avoid touching the surface. The shield looks intact. Anyway, the two empty ceramic beams have escaped from the beams' mosaics. It shouldn't be there. NASA's engineers, led by the space engineering engineer Laura Bailey, start to find different ways to get rid of the two pieces. But until the astronauts walk in the space and reach the heat shield to make sure no one knows what's going on. We see that it's stretching out. We don't know if there's still some part stuck. What we expect is that other situations are what we have to consider and we have to do our best. For NASA, the foam beam and the two pieces will slow down the future of space flight until it's clear in the future. 10 minutes before the next mission, the crew changes the course of Discovery to the International Space Station. Discovery Houston Nominal Touchdown Plus X Pitch Maneuver Nominal Touchdown Plus X Pitch Maneuver Discovery Rendezvous Pitch Maneuver Loop-de-loop Rendezvous Pitch Maneuver Loop-de-loop Rendezvous Pitch Maneuver Loop-de-loop Rendezvous Pitch Maneuver Loop-de-loop that the two ships will be interfaced for the next hour and a half. After checking the situation to adjust the pressure of the small channel between the two ships and the ability of the two ships to open the door and greet each other. When the channel opens, the two ships from the ISS Expedition 11 will greet the first passenger after three months in space. For Russian Sergei Krikalev and John Philip, American, it means fresh food and provisions. And the friends talked for two or three days in advance. Discovery ship to the Destiny laboratory. As with everything in the mission, this image is important in two ways. Irene goes first, followed by Tsuchinokuchi. In addition to refueling, entering the space station is also a safety practice. If there is a damage to the space station, the last step of the evacuation plan is to let the children of the ship rely on the ISS. One of the strange things that we found when we got on the space station was how good it was. We expect that because there is no space station to compare for two and a half years, there must be something strange. It was kept in the same way as the women's space station when I went to visit many years ago. We are surprised that everything is in order because it is very difficult to do in zero gravity. Discovery, Houston, Irene, I want you to know that we will send it to the Orbit 2 team. I would like to congratulate you on your excellent work on the rendezvous today. It makes it look very easy, just like you practiced. Thank you very much, Houston, Orbit 1. Our team is waiting to view the RPM image and will have to work for many more days to repair the station as soon as possible if possible. We are trying our best. When the greeting was over, the two ships began to refuel. All the fuel was in the Raffaello module, which is inside the space station. With the help of a rover, the ship moved Raffaello to the station. This module has more than 12,000 pounds of equipment and fuel. We are refueling. At this point, we will bring the fuel back to the station. We will bring the things they need back to the station because it will give them more space to work. Discovery, Houston, for EVA. Go ahead for EVA. On the fifth day, during the first three spacewalks, Steve Robinson and Sushi Noguchi tested the technique of repairing space debris and materials. This is the first spacewalk for Noguchi and Robinson. This is the fifth spacewalk to repair the International Space Station. Their workplace is a special outer space test room located around the door of the Space Museum. It's like a little sticky stuff that's hard to get out. The equipment and glue used to repair SAM, the heat shield system, was tested for the first time in the world. But how do the equipment and tools work in the atmosphere and the coldness of space? Good. Great job. All right. The safety of these equipment and the future of the spacecraft depends on finding a way to make the repair of SAM effective in space. Okay. Do it again. Okay. Two days later, Robinson and Noguchi conducted a special activity again, which is EVA or spacewalk. This time, they changed the gyroscope that didn't work. It is one of the four responsibilities for maintaining the height of the space station compared to the Earth and the Sun. At first, the new one didn't receive electricity. Instead of each one connecting to the power line and about to turn it off and stop, each one said that it will receive electronic response. It's quite difficult to connect. We attached a thick EVA glove and Noguchi took it off to plug it in again. And it worked. It's like we put something in the power plug. Everything went well, but there were a few problems as well. When Steve turned around and used one of the spacecraft's controllers, the controller that was turned off many times during EVA, I used it too, but I couldn't turn it off. It was locked. It seems that there were many other things that caused problems. The ground team of ISS is ready to work. After a long consultation, they decided to do a special spacewalk for the third time. The plan was to let Robinson go under the spacecraft to check the heat and try to get rid of the excess. From inside the spacecraft, the astronauts Lawrence and Kelly will take him there by using a robot arm. First of all, we have to be sure if we have to do this. Is it what we should do or should we let it go? Because EVA is risky no matter what. I think Gene Kranz, the director of Apollo, explained that EVA is a risk that is close to death. So we shouldn't do anything easily. There must be a technical reason to listen carefully to do something under the belly to get the excess out. There is another risk. All communication between the spacecraft and the spacewalker is late. What will happen if Robinson's transmitter is out of range under the spacewalk? When the communication is interrupted, he can't tell the robot arm during the check or he can't ask for help if there is any mistake. One of the strange things is that we didn't lose contact at all. We worked in the control room, but we could clearly see the image of the underbelly of the robot arm and the hand of the spacecraft that stretched in to get it out and clearly see the underbelly that was thrown out. The question in everyone's mind is, what will happen if Robinson pulls it out? Don't forget to use a force of 5 to 10 pounds. Okay, I've got it. I'm pulling it out very easily. Okay, Steve. TCA, pull the arm back. Okay, I'm away from myself and I can move 5 feet. From Robinson's camera, I can see the gap filler at the tip of the finger. The underbelly of the underbelly looks like an artwork. Everyone breathes comfortably again. The relief is clear. We were all relieved and surprised when we saw him pull it out. It's not only easy to pull it out, but also unbelievable. When the gap filler was removed, it was time to say goodbye to the International Space Station. We are very grateful that they are such good hosts and are part of the successful mission. The two teams came together for the last time for the press conference. They showed off the famous gap filler, which looks quite small for the great impact it has on the mission. After the last press conference, the STS-114 team flew back to the International Space Station. The International Space Station is about to be separated. In the end, the two space stations couldn't see each other and were in the middle of the vacuum of space. Now, the interest of the crew turned to return to Earth. The weather at the landing site in Florida is getting worse. NASA extended the mission for one day. They decided to land at the Edwards Space Station in California instead. The crew had a one-day break in space. We had time to go outside, take pictures, look at the world, and have fun with zero gravity. When we flew around southern Australia, we saw the aurora, australis, which we don't see often. It's very beautiful and special. It's peaceful and happy. It's a magical moment because it reminds us that we're in space. We believe that everyone in space will never forget it. The crew also spent the last part of the mission to reduce the distance from the spacecraft and land in California. When the spacecraft hit the outer edge of the atmosphere, it traveled less than 17,000 miles per hour. With that speed, the collision between the spacecraft and the atmosphere could cause the heat shield of the spacecraft to burn up to 3,000 degrees. The first time a spacecraft tried to do this, it failed. I don't think after the Columbia accident, there will be anything like it again. We know it won't help, but Columbia is in our hearts when we're in the same situation. I'm sure we all miss it. We don't talk about it, but we think about it. On August 9, at 5.11 a.m., the Discovery spacecraft landed safely from the sky in the morning and landed successfully. We landed at a speed of about Mach 8, so I know we've had a terrible experience that's so sad that Columbia can't go through. In the end, the spacecraft landed still at the end point of the 5.8 million mile journey. The spacecraft left the spacecraft in the morning. They walked back to the spacecraft and looked at the heat shield, which was the point of interest for more than two weeks in space. What we do in this mission is very difficult, but it's done with the creativity and dedication of all of us. I believe we can do anything if we put our hearts into it. They got home safely and the space project is still going on. The STS-114 spacecraft survived and learned, went up and performed the mission safely to guide the next team of spacecraft to move forward. The STS-114 spacecraft was banned while the engineers were inspecting the details of the STS-114, but that didn't stop them from preparing for the next mission, STS-121, which will take off in the summer. After 50 years of reporting from space, it is clear that most Americans have the desire to explore to a place where no one has gone to to challenge the risks, discover new things about the world, the solar system, and the universe we live in. The exploration of space is considered one of the greatest missions of all mankind and is the greatest adventure of our time. I'm Walter Cronkite. This is Return to Flight HD, The Inside Story. Thank you, everyone.