ナゴルノ・カラバフ　キリスト教 VS イスラム教

In September 2023, Azerbaijan made a victory declaration in Nagorno-Karabakh. Nagorno-Karabakh? I can't hear the modern terminology now. This time, it will be an explanation about Nagorno-Karabakh. I, Cheherazade, will play the role of commentary. Nice to meet you. Nagorno-Karabakh is the name of the region that is located in South Caucasus and covers the southeast of the Caucasus Mountains. Nagorno-Karabakh originates from Nagornoi in Russian, which means Nagorno-Kochi. Karabakh means black garden in local language. It seems that there are quite complicated circumstances from the name. In addition, the Armenian side calls this region Alsaf. There used to be the Kingdom of Alsaf on this land. How long ago was it? The founding of the Kingdom of Alsaf is said to be 1,000 years ago. Various countries have been established in the southeast of the Caucasus, and the Kingdom of Alsaf was one of them. Was Nagorno-Karabakh once the Kingdom of Alsaf? It's not exactly the same, but there are some overlapping areas. The name Alsaf seems to have been used for a long time, and it seems that it was already used as the name of the region in the 180s. It's been used for a long time, from 2,200 years ago. There used to be a huge country called the Kingdom of Armenia, and Alsaf was one of the 15 regions. However, in the 4th century, the Kingdom of Armenia was divided into the Persian Empire and the Roman Empire. Alsaf is part of the Sassanid Persian Empire. The Sassanid Persian Empire was a brother. And in the middle of the 7th century, the land of Alsaf will be conquered by the Islamic Empire. And in the 9th century, the Armenians rebelled in Alsaf and actually dominated the land of Alsaf. And in the millennium, the Kingdom of Alsaf was born. Basically, this land has always been called Alsaf. The Kingdom of Alsaf existed until 1261 and merged with the Kingdom of Arhachan, a country of the Armenians, but Alsaf continues to exist as an independent republic. This land is quite independent. However, in the 15th century, this land will be dominated by the Islamic forces. And in the middle of the 18th century, the Karabakh Republic was established under the rule of the Safavid dynasty. The Safavid dynasty? It seems that the Safavids, a Turkish ethnic group, established this country. And the official language is Persian, and the Safavids speak Turkish. It's a pretty complicated situation. It is common for the official language to differ from the official language. Even in medieval England, the official language was Latin, not English. In the early 19th century, the Karabakh Republic signed a treaty with the Russian Empire. And with this treaty, the Karabakh Republic became a protectorate of the Russian Empire. What was a protectorate? It can be said that it was an actual colony because it was a country with foreign, financial, military, etc. In other words, it became an actual colony of the Russian Empire. Ibrahim Halil, the leader of the Karabakh Republic, was killed by the Russian Empire. His son, Mehdi Khori, was appointed as the leader of the Karabakh Republic. And in 1813, the Greco-Turkish Treaty was signed between the Russian Empire and the Georgian-Persian Empire. The Persian Empire was to occupy a considerable area including Karabakh in Russia. It's the result of the Russian-Persian War. And in 1822, the Russian Empire abolished the Karabakh Treaty, and Mehdi Khori, the leader, fled to Persia. So the Karabakh of Nagorno-Karabakh became the territory of the Russian Empire. It should be noted that the Russian-Persian War began again in 1826, but it ended in the collapse of the Russian Empire. The Russian Empire also annihilated Napoleon. In 1828, the Turkomancher Treaty was signed between the Russian Empire and the Persian Empire, and East Armenia became the territory of the Russian Empire. It is believed that at this time, East Armenia had a population composition of 20% Christianity and 80% Islam. This problem is likely to explode later. It is believed that 90% of the Karabakh of Nagorno-Karabakh was Armenian in the early 19th century. Do Armenians have a lot of Christianity? Armenians are said to have a lot of followers of the Armenian Apostolic Church. With the Armenian Apostolic Church? Armenia actually had Christianity as its backbone before Rome. Therefore, it developed differently from the Roman Catholic Church and the Holy Church. Because the Roman Catholic Church and the Holy Church are the origins of Ancient Roman Christianity. The Kingdom of Armenia was destroyed, but the Armenians continued to be Christians. They continued to maintain their faith even under the rule of other religions. In the Sassanid Empire, the Zoroastrian religion was considered a national religion, but the Armenian Christian religion continued to rebel against it. After that, even under the rule of Islamic forces, many Armenians continued to believe in Christianity. They have a pretty strong faith. And this strong faith can be said to be connected to the present. I guess there's going to be a religious problem. Now, in 1917, there was an event that changed the history of the world. It's the Russian Revolution. The effect is also distributed to Nagorno-Karabakh. After the Russian Revolution, Nagorno-Karabakh became part of the Transcaucasian Democratic Republic. Is the name long? This country is a federal state from Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Russian Empire declared its departure from the Soviet Union. In the end, the federation was abolished, and the three kingdoms of Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia were born. What happened to Nagorno-Karabakh? Nagorno-Karabakh itself declared its autonomy, but Armenia and Azerbaijan confronted each other over Nagorno-Karabakh. It's a pretty confusing situation. The story gets even more confusing. The Ottoman Empire invaded Nagorno-Karabakh, and the Armenians resisted it. It's still a one-time war, and in the one-time war, Russia and the Ottoman Empire were enemies. And the Ottoman Empire became a defeated country in the one-time war, and now the UK occupies Nagorno-Karabakh. The ruler is going to change dramatically. The UK temporarily appointed a person named Khosrov, who was appointed by Azerbaijan, as the ruler of Nagorno-Karabakh. In this decision, the Armenians living in Nagorno-Karabakh rebelled. Azerbaijan was a country dominated by Islamists. In 1920, the Nagorno-Karabakh National Assembly agreed to Azerbaijan's custody, The Armenians living in Nagorno-Karabakh did not accept this agreement, and the guerrilla war will continue. And as they were marching, Azerbaijan was occupied by Bolsheviks. Bolsheviks were a group led by a spiritual leader. Nagorno-Karabakh is now a territory ruled by Bolsheviks. A preliminary agreement was signed between Armenia and Bolsheviks, and Armenia agreed to its rule. The situation is going to change dramatically. And the next year, Armenia was also occupied by Bolsheviks. And Armenia and Azerbaijan became the Soviet Union of the Zakharkov Socialist Federation. Is it different from the Soviet Union? In 1936, this republic was abolished by the Stalinist regime, and the Soviet Union was divided into three countries. The Soviet Union was a country made up of many countries. And the Soviet Union was a strong central authoritarian dictatorship ruled by the central government in Moscow. However, it also prevented the civil war within the Soviet Union. While the Soviet Union was under Soviet rule, the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh was escalating. The problem is the Soviet Union's custody. Was the Soviet Union really a fantasy? In October 1989, Azerbaijan declared a republic, and in 1991 it changed its name to Azerbaijan Republic. In August 1991, it declared independence of the republic. So Azerbaijan became an independent country. Well, a little before Azerbaijan independence, the Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic government promoted Azerbaijanization. The voice of rebellion was heard from the Armenians living in the Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic. The name of the country is long. And the Armenians living in the Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic started a movement to make their own country a member of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. And in 1987, the Armenians living in Nagorno-Karabakh were sent to both Moscow and Armenia, with tens of thousands of signatures. At this point, Nagorno-Karabakh is in the Azerbaijani territory, but the majority of the population was Armenian. That is the biggest problem in Nagorno-Karabakh. In February 1988, the Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh held a demonstration to support the unification of Armenia with the Republic of Armenia. However, Moscow rejected the request of the Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh. In other words, Nagorno-Karabakh is Azerbaijan, and Azerbaijan will be independent. At this point, the Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh were to flow into Armenia in large numbers. In 1989, Nagorno-Karabakh's government moved to Azerbaijan. However, in November 1991, Azerbaijan declared Nagorno-Karabakh its autonomous region. It is in the Azerbaijani territory, but it is in a state where the population has a certain autonomy. And when the Soviet Union collapsed, Armenia and Azerbaijan became fiercely opposed to Nagorno-Karabakh. Because the Soviet Union collapsed, there was no one who had the power to stop it. Nagorno-Karabakh was already in a state of being called that when the Soviet Union collapsed. The beginning of this war is said to be 1988, and the end is said to be 1994. It's been about six years. There was a side to this war as a religious war. The Islamic organizations of Azerbaijan and Russia supported Armenia. It was also a war between Christianity and Islam. It is believed that the casualties in this war exceeded 30,000 and caused hundreds of thousands of refugees. How did the religious war end up? The Russian mediation led to the establishment of a ceasefire in May 1994. The war was basically advantageous for Armenia, and Azerbaijan succeeded in dominating 14% of the territory. And in 1995, the capital of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Russia signed a temporary ceasefire. It's a ceasefire. This Bishkek agreement will be broken many times in the future. Although the ceasefire was signed, Nagorno-Karabakh was not internationally recognized by Azerbaijan. It wasn't recognized by Armenia, and it wasn't recognized as an independent state. It is called Nagorno-Karabakh from the outside, but the residents called it the Al-Saf Republic. Is it a so-called unrecognized state? The Al-Saf Republic is called a self-proclaimed state. It's an unfamiliar word. After the ceasefire, the armed clashes between the Armenian and Azerbaijani forces continued, and sometimes casualties were reported. In the 2000s, the European Council adopted a resolution to evacuate the ethnic cleansing of Azerbaijan, and the Islamic Council adopted a resolution to invade Armenia's actions against Azerbaijan. It's mainly Armenia that's being evacuated. In March 2008, at the UN General Assembly, Azerbaijan's decision to immediately and completely withdraw from the occupied territory of the Republic of Armenia was adopted. Armenia seems to have done a lot of things. It is said that it has destroyed the archaeological, cultural, and religious monuments in the occupied territory and carried out ethnic cleansing. The evacuation of Armenia was continuously brought in from various organizations. Still, Armenia won't stop. Negotiations between the Armenian side and the Azerbaijani side were repeatedly held. In 2004, the president of both countries met at the Astana in Kazakhstan at the CIS summit. The CIS was an independent national community from former Soviet countries. It seems that there was talk of holding a referendum on Nagorno-Karabakh on this stairs, but in the end there was no progress. And in 2006, the president of both countries held a meeting in Rambouillet, France, and discussed the basic principles of withdrawal of the army and the formation of the UN Peacekeeping Force, and the status of Nagorno-Karabakh, etc. And what happened as a result? Contrary to expectations, there was no agreement on the Rambouillet Stairs. And in March 2006, the Stairs were held in Washington, putting pressure on the president of both countries for Putin to resolve the dispute. At this time, Putin was working to resolve the dispute. Still, there was no effect. In November 2006, further negotiations were held in Minsk and Moscow, Still, there was no solution. It's a pretty deep problem. In the end, the fundamental solution was not measured, and only time passed. And in 2014, a large-scale armed conflict will occur again. The time did not solve the problem. This armed conflict was the largest since the 1994 ceasefire, and resulted in both sides giving up. The cause of the armed conflict was that a person named Petrosyan, who lived in Nagorno-Karabakh, was arrested during his trip to Azerbaijan, and died during the exchange. In this regard, the Azerbaijani side claims that Petrosyan was a special agent. And the scene was said to be a matter of emergency, but the Armenian government claimed that Petrosyan died of torture. What the hell is the truth? On the other hand, in Nagorno-Karabakh, the Azerbaijani were arrested on suspicion of special operations, and were sentenced to 22 years in prison. The Azerbaijani government demanded that this sentence be illegal and released. With this series of events, the European Union demanded that Nagorno-Karabakh continue its efforts for a peaceful resolution of the dispute. External countries also followed suit. It's like a fire on a copper wire. And in 2016, the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, known as the Four-Day War, began. There's no sign of the situation changing. At the beginning of this, the Azerbaijani side began a military operation to prevent a continuous bombardment by the Armenian army. It should be noted that there was no evidence of bombardment by Armenia. It's muddy. It is said that this military clash was the worst since the 1994 ceasefire agreement. The number of casualties also increased from the 2014 collision to literally different numbers. How can this dispute be resolved? This military clash was resolved by a ceasefire agreement between Moscow and Armenia and Azerbaijan. However, it was far from a fundamental solution. In 2020, Armenia and Azerbaijan once again engaged in a military clash over Nagorno-Karabakh. It's been four years since the last military clash. The military clash in 2020 was so large that it could not be called a war. The origin of the incident is unclear, and it is argued that both countries were attacked first. It's getting bigger and bigger. In this war, Islamic countries supported Azerbaijan, and the face of the religious war became more colorful. Because Islam and Christianity have been fighting for more than a thousand years. To solve this dispute, the United States of America acted. And it reached a ceasefire agreement, but the battle continued after that. Then Russia took the lead and reached a ceasefire agreement again. And what will Russia do after this? Due to this dispute, Azerbaijan regained all the occupied territory around Nagorno-Karabakh. As a result, Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh were divided, and it became necessary to use the Latin Corridor. The Latin Corridor? It is a corridor connecting Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. Due to the dispute in 2020, Armenia lost a lot of territory. Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh no longer have equal access. That's why the Latin Corridor is important. This Latin Corridor is mainly under the control of the Russian Peacekeeping Forces. Russian Peacekeeping Forces? In April 2023, Azerbaijan set up an observation post on this Latin Corridor. The residents of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh rebelled against this movement. It is deteriorating day by day in both countries. Just half a year ago, the Azerbaijani blocked the Latin Corridor. In addition, the Azerbaijani side blocked gas supplies from Armenia to Nagorno-Karabakh. No life gas? In this blockade, many countries, such as France, Russia, Canada, and the Netherlands, were evacuated. It's a country where Christianity dominates the majority. Three days after the establishment of an observation post on the Latin Corridor, the Russian Defense Ministry appointed Len Tsevf as the commander of the Peacekeeping Forces. I'm getting more and more nervous. And in July 2023, the Azerbaijani army arrested the Armenian Hachatrian who crossed the Latin Corridor for treatment. Hachatrian was a member of a group that traveled to Armenia under the support of the International Ombudsman. This is going to be a big deal. According to the Azerbaijani authorities, Hachatrian was involved in a large-scale massacre during the Nagorno-Karabakh war. And in August 2023, three young men from Nagorno-Karabakh were arrested by the Azerbaijani security forces on the way to Armenia. What is the purpose of this? It is said to be a crime of blocking Azerbaijan's flag on social media. It should be noted that the three young men were escorted by the Russian Peacekeeping Forces. Even in 2023, the Russian Peacekeeping Forces will be there. And on September 19, 2023, it happened all of a sudden. That day, the Azerbaijani army marched to Nagorno-Karabakh. It's finally out in the open. On September 20, the day after the attack, the Russian Peacekeeping Forces reached the middle of the sea. Immediately, the ceasefire will be broken. It's been repeated many times. What's different from before is that Azerbaijan has declared victory. And on September 22, Nagorno-Karabakh and the Artsakh Republic began to hand over weapons to the Russian Peacekeeping Forces. And the President of the Artsakh Republic, Samvel Shaframanyan, On September 28, with January 1, 2024, he issued a presidential decree to disband all state institutions of the Artsakh Republic. In other words, the Artsakh Republic will disappear on January 1, 2024. As of October 2023, a large number of Armenian residents have fled the country from Nagorno-Karabakh. As of September 28, about 120,000 Armenians living in Nagorno-Karabakh, including 10 Armenians, about 70,000 Armenians fled to Armenia. And even now, the evacuation continues. Did this really solve the Nagorno-Karabakh issue? No one knows about the future. That's it for this video. Please subscribe to the channel and watch the next video.