CÂY CẦU DÀI NHẤT THẾ GIỚI: KỲ QUAN XÂY DỰNG CỦA TRUNG QUỐC

Hello everyone, this is the story of the longest bridges in the world. Speaking of bridges, the first image that appears is probably that it will cross a river. And if so, the bridge is only a few kilometers long, even a few dozen kilometers is the same. But in fact, in life, we have a lot of bridges in different ways. That is the bridge over the sea, that is the bridge over the big lakes. And not all bridges cross the water, but there are also barbed bridges. Bridges that cross deep waters or terrains that cannot be built on the ground. Before we come to the specific story of the longest bridge in the world in China, let's go through some records that we have about bridges in this world. Maybe you will be surprised by the interesting facts about the bridges below. The record for the tallest bridge in the world is a bridge in France. This bridge took 17 years to build, with the aim of solving the road blockage on a road from southern France to tourist destinations in Spain. The highest point of the bridge is up to 343 meters, making it the tallest bridge in the world, higher than the height of many skyscrapers. The bridge with the longest roof in the world, that is a bridge named Harlan in Canada, is the bridge with the longest roof in the world with a length of 391 meters. The bridge crosses a river and was built in the 19th century, with a frame and a wooden pillar inside. The roof has the effect of protecting the bridge from the impact of the weather. In the past, horses were the main means of transport, so this bridge was a very romantic place. The boys would train the horses to stop in the middle of the bridge. The couple would kiss each other and then continue to the other side of the bridge. The world's longest cross-sea bridge, is a bridge located on the Hong Kong-Wuhai-Macao-China Highway, with a length of 55 kilometers and is the longest cross-sea bridge in the world. The bridge system and the dam include 3 cable bridges, a dam, a dam in the middle of the sea and 4 artificial islands. Connecting 3 large cities in China, the bridge was designed to be able to stand for more than a century. Specifically, it is estimated that this bridge will stand for 120 years, with the passion of the sea. What about the world's shortest cross-sea bridge? Yes, this symbol belongs to the bridge located at the border between Spain and Portugal. This bridge is only 3.2 meters long. This bridge connects a part of Spain with a part of Portugal called Aroches. The bridge is mainly used for pedestrians and two-wheeler vehicles, because looking at its size like that, even larger vehicles cannot pass through. There is also the world's longest cross-sea bridge, which is a bridge located in Switzerland. This cross-sea bridge is called Chaletskonen, is 487 meters long and is nearly 85 meters higher than the ground. From the top of the bridge, visitors will be able to enjoy the magnificent scenery of the mountains in the Alps. This bridge has been in operation since 2017. The short-term bridge goes through the valley from 4 hours down to only 10 minutes. The next record belongs to the oldest bridge in the world. Yes, all records above can be broken. The only record that cannot be broken except when the bridge collapses is the world's oldest bridge. This bridge is called Ponte de Quadro Capi. Built in 1962, it is the oldest bridge recorded to exist to this day. So what is the longest bridge in the world? What is the bridge in the minds of many people? Back in 1969, the Pontchartrain Bridge was officially recognized as the longest bridge in the world. When New Orleans expanded in the 1940s and 1950s, the road to the north of the city became a headache for the locals. Those who travel from the center to the north or to the south of New Orleans face the biggest obstacle, which is a lake called Pontchartrain Lake. They will have to go at least half a lap around the lake to get past it. This lake is the largest lake in Louisiana. In fact, it is a river that connects the Gulf of Mexico with many other rivers and bays. To cross the lake, you have to walk about 50 minutes. The construction process is fast. It only took 14 months to build the first two villages with a total length of 38.4 km and was completed in 1956. There are almost legendary stories about this bridge. Accordingly, it is said that this bridge is so long that motorcyclists may not be able to see the ground when they travel about 12.8 km. Some drivers are afraid of people because they are afraid of the sea, to the extent that the police have to escort them out of the bridge. There are also children who were born on this bridge because their parents could not wait for the ambulance to arrive in time at the hospital on the other side of the lake. The most common case is a small plane. The fuel tank has landed safely on this bridge. And a decade after the completion of the first bridge, the traffic force has exceeded 5,300 vehicles. Authorities plan to build the second bridge parallel to the original villages. The second bridge was completed in 1969, about 25 meters from the first bridge and only about 25 meters longer. But that's enough for this bridge to attract the attention of the Guinness World Records. This bridge is officially recognized as the longest bridge in the world, So what happened in 2011? In 2011, the Guinness World Records stated that the longest bridge in the world was the 46.5 km long Yangtze River Bridge. And in 2018, this record was broken again. And those who broke it were China, with the Hong Kong-Macao-Chuhai Bridge mentioned above. However, many people pointed out that this is not a bridge that is completely on the water, completely over the water, due to the structure of the tunnel under the sea. Note that we are talking about the longest bridges on the water in the world. And the dispute made Guinness decide to divide the two categories very well. The Yangtze River Bridge, Fengshui Bridge, became the longest bridge on the water in terms of length. While the Yangtze River Bridge became the longest bridge on the water in terms of total length. As a result, the Yangtze River Bridge on the Yangtze River has maintained the status of the longest bridge on the water in the world for more than 6 decades, since the completion of the first archway. And now, let's move on to the details of the longest bridge in the world, despite the fact that it is on the face of something that we are discussing in the next part, and also the main part of the video. That is the bridge named Danjiang-Kunshan Bridge. Going back a little bit in history, China has been trying since the early 2000s to transform the industrialization of this country, in which transportation is an extremely important thing. It helps meet the needs of the people living and working all over the country. This started a revolution called the bridge revolution. After many successful projects and world records on impressive constructions, they started planning for their most impressive miracle, building a bridge connecting two cities, Shanghai and Nanjing. Many engineers, architects and designers from different countries participated in the task of building the longest bridge in the world. And how long is this bridge? It is 164.8 km long. Can you imagine? 164.8 km. If you calculate the distance from your hometown to this distance, you will understand how far it is. So what is this bridge? It is a bridge that connects Shanghai and Nanjing. Previously, it took 4.5 hours to go from one area to another by public transportation, but this number has been reduced to only 2 hours due to the completion of this bridge. Designers decided to build a bridge for geographical challenges. Because we know that the bridge is a type of bridge with many small sections connected to each other. These shorter sections bring the necessary flexibility to be able to go up, down, turn and rotate through different geographical areas. The design of this bridge keeps the bridge stiff for a very long time. The Danjiang-Kunshan Bridge has to be reinforced because most of the areas of land in the floodplain of the Yangtze River are weak soils, not hard soils. It is very dangerous to build a bridge without concrete in soft soil areas because the soil can move, weaken the structure of the bridge and lead to disasters. In short, it will be very difficult to build a straight road that is hundreds of kilometers long. The journey of this bridge goes through canyons, rivers, valleys, lowlands, lakes, uneven terrain, as well as towns and big cities. The Chinese Railway Corporation is the company that designed and built this bridge. This is the leading company in the largest public construction projects in China, including highways, railways, bridges, ports and tunnels. This bridge is about 30.5 meters above the ground with a length of 80 meters and as we mentioned above, has a length of 164.8 kilometers. This is an extraordinary miracle. Official data show that about 9 kilometers of this bridge runs through the Yangtze River with more than 2,000 pillars and steel cables used to support the construction on the surface of the water. We can imagine how large the number of boats and boats used to transport materials to this bridge is. That is not to mention the necessary equipment to support up to 2,000 pillars. And now we will look at some interesting facts related to the world's longest bridge. This bridge costs a terrible amount of money, about 8.5 billion USD to build, which is about 51 million USD for each kilometer of the bridge. The construction teams have been working very hard for only 4 years. And the truth is that they have completed this construction in just 4 years. The world's longest bridge that only took 4 years to build. The construction was completed in November 2010 and was officially completed in June 2011. The labor force used to build this bridge is 10,000 people. In addition, the part on the Yangtze River is built on 2,000 pillars and needs to use up to 450,000 tons of steel. This is the most steel-consuming and concrete-consuming part of this bridge. In addition, this bridge also uses 9,500 concrete pillars in other parts. The structure of the bridge is designed to withstand harsh weather conditions and direct impact, even from heavy warships up to 300,000 tons. And that's the end of our journey through the bridges today. 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