Vaccine Mỹ - Anh - Trung Quốc và Mức Độ Hiệu Quả, An Toàn Như Thế Nào? Tiêm Vaccine Nào Tốt Nhất?

Hello everyone, I'm Dr. Ngoc. Today, many people have asked me what kind of vaccine should I get. Should I get this one or that one? In this video, Dr. Ngoc will share with you so that we can understand the nature of vaccines, how effective they are, and what effects they have on our body. From there, we will have our choices when we get vaccinated. Before we go deeper into the vaccines used in Vietnam, let's take a look at what vaccines are available This is a list of all the vaccines that are being used and being studied. We can see that 21 vaccines have been approved for use in some countries. There are 192 countries that have been approved for the use of vaccines. However, we can see that this is the country that has been approved and this is the World Health Organization that has been approved. We can see that there are only 7 vaccines that have been approved by the WHO. For example, the Nanogen vaccine can be approved by the Ministry of Health in Vietnam. However, we need one more step for the World Health Organization to approve it. The World Health Organization usually has two steps to approve a vaccine. There are many vaccines that are being tested. There are 404 vaccines that are being tested in 59 countries. However, we will not talk about the tested vaccines. We will only talk about the approved vaccines. Today, we will go to the 7 vaccines that have been approved by the World Health Organization. We will look at the 7 vaccines that have been approved by the World Health Organization. I will translate it into Vietnamese so that it will be easier for you to understand. This version was updated on August 16, 2021. If you can update to this page, you will see that the data will change a bit. There will be vaccines updated continuously in this page. This is August 6, 2021. Among the 7 vaccines that have been approved by the World Health Organization, the first one is Moderna. Moderna has been approved in 65 countries, 23 tests in 4 countries. The second one is Pfizer, which has been approved in 97 countries, 31 tests in 17 countries. The third vaccine is Johnson & Johnson, which has been approved in 59 countries, 11 tests in 17 countries. The fourth vaccine is AstraZeneca, which has been approved in 121 countries, 35 tests in 19 countries. The fifth vaccine is AstraZeneca, which has been approved in 2 countries, 1 in England and 1 in India. This vaccine has been approved in 45 countries, 2 tests in 1 country. The sixth vaccine is Sinopharm, which has been approved in 59 countries, 9 tests in 7 countries. The last vaccine is Sinovac, which has been approved in 39 countries, 17 tests in 7 countries. Looking at the total, we can see that AstraZeneca has been approved in 121 countries, This is probably the first vaccine to be produced, so the number of countries using it will be higher. After we have seen these 7 vaccines, at the moment, Moderna, Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Sinopharm Some other vaccines are also being used in Vietnam. Let's go to the table to compare these vaccines. I will focus on Moderna, Pfizer and AstraZeneca. I will show you another screen so you can see it better. This is a report on a document called UpToDate. This is a medical-specific document that requires a bank account. You have to put money in to buy a bank account to be able to read it. We will compare Pfizer, Moderna, Johnson, AstraZeneca, Oxford and India. Finally, we have Novavax. In this table, there is no Sinopharm vaccine. Later, there will be another report from the World Health Organization to compare. When we talk about vaccine technology, there are many factors that we can compare. Here, we have the vaccine technology. For Pfizer and Moderna vaccines, they have the same technology. It is mRNA technology. They will take a molecule of the RNA virus and put it in a membrane. Then, they will inject a nanolipid into our body. They will use the nanolipid as a vector to transfer the genetic material to increase the antibody. Because the nanolipid is fragile, it needs to be kept at a very low temperature. For example, for Pfizer vaccine, it is kept at 90-60°C. For Moderna vaccine, it is kept at 50-20°C. That is the temperature. For other technologies, such as vaccine-free technology, or vaccines related to vector, it is kept at 2-3°C. We don't need to compare. We just need to know why it is kept at such a low temperature. We will see some things related to the dose. Most of the vaccines are 2-dose. Only Johnson & Johnson has 1-dose. However, this vaccine is not available in Vietnam. We are not using this vaccine in Vietnam. Most of the vaccines in Vietnam are 2-dose. We will see a table which is effective against COVID-19. This is what we are most interested in at the moment. On this table, we can see the differences. For example, Pfizer is 95%, Moderna is 94%, and Johnson & Johnson is 66%. AstraZeneca is 70%, and Sinopharm is 78%. When we look at these numbers, we can see that 95% is higher than 94% and 70% is higher than 74%. But have we understood the nature of these numbers? Secondly, these studies are not designed to be compared. This is just a reference. We can't say this is 95% so it is higher than 94%. Because these studies are designed to be compared. For example, this study was done on 18,000 people while this one was done on 14,000 people. So it cannot be compared. Or we can see that AstraZeneca's study was done on 6,000 people. If we want to compare these numbers, we have to compare the number of people and the place where the study was done. However, these studies were done on different countries and at different times. For example, during the pandemic, the rate of infection was higher than in other countries. So when we know these numbers, we can use them but we cannot be 100% sure. Next, we need to know what 95% means. Many people hear 95%, 94% and 70%. However, many people don't understand because there is a formula to calculate these percentages. The formula may be a little difficult to understand but the students will use an example to make it easier for us to understand. They will design a study like this where they give 1,000 people to get vaccinated and 1,000 people to not get vaccinated. They will use a formula and the community of 2,000 people has 100 people who don't get vaccinated and 100 people who are infected and the group who get vaccinated If we don't have a vaccine, we only have 20 people infected. So we can see that If we don't have a vaccine, we only have 100 people infected. But if we have a vaccine, we only have 20 people infected and 80 people compared to the other group. So it can protect 80 people. Do you understand this part? You don't understand? Let's do it again. The guy in the red shirt said he didn't understand. What's wrong with you bro? The point is If we don't have a vaccine, we only have 100 people infected. But if we have a vaccine, we only have 20 people infected. So we have less than the other group. We only have 80 people. So we can protect 80 people. So for this vaccine, it can protect 95 people. This one can protect 94% and this one can protect 70%. That's the point. However, we still have another indicator. That's the reason why a lot of people say If we have a vaccine, we only have 90 people infected. What can we do? Because there is a ratio. Not everyone who has a vaccine will be fully protected. But in this group, if we don't have 100 people infected, there are 5 people infected. So we can protect 95 people. So there are still people infected. Even if we have a vaccine, we still have to wear a mask. However, we still have another indicator. That's the serious COVID-19 rate. What does it mean? People will compare In the other group, there are no people infected. But in this group, if there are people infected, will it be more severe? For example, in the Pfizer vaccine, there are 10 people infected. For example, if there are 10 people infected, there are 9 people in the group who don't have a vaccine. In the group that has a vaccine, there are still people infected. But the rate of people infected is much lower. You can imagine when we have a vaccine, in addition to protecting us from being infected, even when we are infected, we will be much less compared to those who haven't had a vaccine. It's easy to understand. For example, in the Moderna vaccine, there are 30 people in the group who don't have a vaccine. There are 30 people in the group who don't have a vaccine. However, there are no people in the group who have a vaccine. If we compare these two, if we only compare here, people will choose this 95% because the protection is 95% higher. However, according to this study, the Moderna vaccine protects 94%. In 100 people, it protects 94 people. There are 4 people who are infected, but none of them is infected. Can you imagine this? But for this group, there is still one person who is infected. So 95% is better than 94%. If you choose, you should choose this one because if you choose this one, no one will be infected. You understand this, right? We will see below. For example, for the Johnson & Johnson vaccine, I will skip it because in Vietnam, we will skip it because in Vietnam, we will skip it because in Vietnam, we will skip it But for Astra, when we have a vaccine, it protects 70%. 70% That means 30% is not protected. However, when people see 2 groups that do not have a vaccine, there are 2 people who are infected and the group with a vaccine does not have any infected people. In addition to protecting the infected, in the more severe case, it does not protect. In other words, even if we have a vaccine, it is not serious. We understand this, right? For the Sinopharm vaccine, we will have another report from the World Health Organization. In this report, among 13,000 people, we will see that its protection rate is up to 78%, right? However, for the group that does not have a vaccine, there are 2 people who are infected and the group with a vaccine does not have any severe cases. That is what we will see. In addition to the protection effect, what we are talking about 94, 95% or 70%, we will have another one that is severe. And even if we are infected, after getting the vaccine, the degree of infection will be very low compared to us. Then we will have another report. It will keep the temperature here. The common side effects Here we will see that there are many side effects. We often have headaches, fever, tiredness. In fact, all vaccines have this. I will not compare this anymore because it does not have much effect. If you are tired for about 2 days, you can take a break for about 2 days. But we will also have side effects that are rare that can lead to severe conditions and death for us. Here we will see what the report is. For the Pfizer vaccine, its side effects will be 1. Shock Here it will be about 5 cases per 1 million cases. There will be a problem related to the Pfizer vaccine. In addition, it will have another mutation that we usually do not notice. What is it? There are heartworms or heartworms. There will be about 16 cases per 1 million cases from 16 to 39 years old. These are the side effects of the Pfizer vaccine. This is the severity. This is not a death report. That is, people will have these severe cases. However, there are cases that they will be treated in time. There are cases that cannot be treated and will die. However, the mortality rate will be lower than this. These are the severe cases. For the Moderna vaccine, we will see that the side effects are about 2.8 per 1 million cases. That is, it will be lower than the Pfizer vaccine. That is why we see that this one is 95, but this one is 94. However, these two are not clear. This is a reference because these two models are different. This one is 18,000. This one is 14,000. The first thing is that for the side effects, it has about 2.8 per 1 million. That is, in 1 million cases, there are 2 to 3 cases of side effects. There are cases of heartworms or heartworms. It will take about 16 cases per 1 million cases. These two are the same. These are the possible side effects when we get vaccinated with Pfizer or Moderna vaccines. As for the AstraZeneca vaccine, let's skip the Johnson & Johnson vaccine. The side effects of AstraZeneca that we often see in some cases have appeared in Vietnam. That is the side effects related to blood clots, the symptoms of rare blood clots. For the symptoms of blood clots, we will see that there are symptoms such as hyperlipidemia, Guillain-Barre symptoms. These symptoms are nerve inflammation. However, the mortality rate is very low. There are 227 cases per 51 million cases. Here, for example, 169 cases per 34 million cases. It is about 5 to 6 cases per 1 million cases. If you divide it, that is, 169 cases per 34 million cases have symptoms of hyperlipidemia. This is one of the signs that we need to deal with. This is not the mortality rate. This is just the rate of severe cases after we get vaccinated. So many people, we see that for Pfizer, AstraZeneca, its side effects are usually related to blood clots and nerve inflammation. As for Pfizer and Moderna vaccines, its side effects are heart attack and heart inflammation. These are reported in our article. As for Sinopharm vaccines, we will also have cases that people will report. In the World Health Organization report, people will see that among 8 cases, 5.9 million people have been vaccinated. Sinopharm vaccines in China have 6 cases of severe cases. This is a severe case, not mortality. We are talking about severe cases, not mortality. This is one of the indicators that we can refer to. After we compare all of these, if you ask which vaccine to choose, if you are chosen, first of all, if you are chosen, you will definitely choose this one, Moderna. However, if you are not chosen, because we can see on the first page, there are 7 vaccines that are being distributed in the World Health Organization. The vaccination rate in Vietnam is 6-7%. Because we don't have enough vaccines, it will be very difficult to be chosen. However, there is another comparison that we are ignoring, which is between vaccination and non-vaccination. When we compare vaccines, maybe AstraZeneca has the lowest rate, 70%, according to the World Health Organization. 70% protect against infection and may be higher than non-vaccinated vaccines. Even if it is infected, it will not be serious. This is the number that we are comparing between vaccines. However, there is another comparison that if we do not get vaccinated, we will not be protected. And if at the present time, the mortality rate is reported on August 8, the mortality rate in Vietnam above 1 million population is 1.6%. The mortality rate at the present time is 1.6%. That is, if there are 1 million people infected with COVID-19, we will die 16,000 people, you should remember. When we get vaccinated, the mortality rate is somewhere between 7-8 cases above 1 million people. This is a severe disease, not death. That is, we have somewhere between 7-8 cases that may lead to severe disease. But if we do not get vaccinated, but 1 million people are infected, we have 16,000 deaths. And I think this comparison we will know if we should get vaccinated or not. Any vaccine approved by the Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization, we should get vaccinated because it has been reported like this. These are some of the shares of Dr. Ngoc about whether we should get vaccinated or not. There are a lot of people we are telling you to get this or that. The best thing now is to get what you have. And even Dr. Ngoc himself was not chosen. He said that if he was chosen, he would definitely choose this vaccine. But for Dr. Ngoc, he still got the AstraZeneca vaccine and his whole family got the AstraZeneca vaccine. It's okay, I'm very happy with that because at least I was protected. First, 70% protection, no infection. Second, even if there is an infection, it is not worse. That is what we need the most at the moment. There are a lot of people we have the idea that we will wait to get those vaccines. However, as you can see, every day in Vietnam, there are about 8-9 people who are already vaccinated. And we don't know if we are in this group or not. So the best thing is to get it as soon as possible. If we can get it, that is the last word that Dr. Ngoc wants to share with you in today's video. Hopefully, we will understand the types of vaccines and the benefits when we get the vaccine. Okay, see you in the next videos. 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