Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors | Who are the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors in history?

The early period of modern Chinese history is known as the Pre-Qin period It can be divided into four eras: emperors, emperors, kings and hegemons. In early China, the supreme ruler was called "Yellow" and "Emperor" Their reign was at the beginning of the founding of China The ancients called it the period of "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" “China” was understood by the ancients to have a static structure of “heaven, earth and people”. and "Five Elements" operating mode Therefore, “Three Emperors” refers to the Heavenly Emperor, the Earthly Emperor, and the Human Emperor. The "Five Emperors" refer to the Wood Emperor, the Fire Emperor, the Earth Emperor, the Metal Emperor, and the Water Emperor. Scholars of the next generation became accustomed to choosing ancient emperors they admired as candidates. Place it in the eight “seats” above As a result, various combinations of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors were formed. The Three Emperors and Five Emperors are legendary "emperors" who appeared in China before the Xia Dynasty. Now it seems they are all tribal leaders Become the leader of the tribal alliance thanks to its strength Qin Shi Huang shows his noble status The title "Emperor" includes "Emperor" in the Three Emperors and "Emperor" in the Five Emperors. Hello everyone, I am Doll Basically, whether according to myths, legends or historical records, They all believe that the Three Emperors era is earlier than the Five Emperors era. However, different historians have different definitions of "Three Emperors and Five Emperors". There are eight theories about the Three Emperors and five theories about the Five Emperors. "Historical Records: Historical Records of Qin Shi Huang" says that the Emperor, Earth Emperor and Tai Huang were the three emperors. And think that the King of Thailand is the most expensive So who is the King of Thailand? Episode 78 of "Taiping Yulan" quotes "Spring and Autumn Wei" as suggested Another view holds that the Emperor of Heaven, the Emperor of Earth, and the Emperor of Mankind are the Triumvirate. It seems that the Emperor of Thailand is the Emperor of humanity. "The Great Biography of Shangshu" and "The White Tiger Tongyi", etc Later, he also advocated that the three emperors should be Suiren, Fuxi, and Shennong. And some horizontal books like "Yun Dou Shu" and "Yuan Ming Bao" In addition to identifying with Fuxi and Shennong, he also added Nuwa, the creator of humanity. Additionally, "Century of Emperors" lists Fuxi, Shennong, and Huangdi as the three emperors. "Tongjian Waiji" also lists Fuxi, Shennong and Gonggong as the three emperors According to this view, Fuxi and Shennong accounted for two of the three emperors. All opinions are essentially consistent, but there are major differences as to who the third person is. To break it down, there are the following statements: Sui Ren, Fu Xi and "The Great Biography of Shangshu" by Shennong There are three ways to explain the custom They are the "Customs and Customs" of Fuxi, Nuwa and Shennong "Customs and Customs" of Fuxi, Zhurong and Shennong and "Customs and Customs" of Fuxi, Shennong and Gonggong From Tay Nong to Emperor. Known as the Three Emperors, he lived in the final world. "Three Word Classic" (misspoken) Emperor, Earth Emperor, Emperor of Thailand "Historical Records" Emperor of Heaven, Emperor of Earth, Emperor of Mankind "Folklore" "Gu Wei Shu" by Fu Xi, Shen Nong and Huang Di The last theory was popularized by the influence of "Gu Wei Shu" Fu Xi, Shen Nong and Yellow Emperor became the three oldest emperors in China In addition, Weishu of the Han Dynasty also called the Three Emperors Heavenly Emperor, Earthly Emperor and Human Emperor. They are the three gods of heaven. Later, in Taoism, the Three Emperors were divided into three groups: first class, middle class and last class: The third emperor in human form Among the three emperors, they had human faces, snake bodies or dragon bodies. Among the three emperors, Emperor Hau Thien has the head of a human and the body of a snake. That was Fuxi, the later emperor with the head of a snake and the body of a snake, that was Nuwa, the later emperor with the head of a bull and the body of a snake, that was Shennong "Shiben", "Da Dai Ji", "Historical Records: The Five Emperors" Lists Huangdi, Zhuanxu, Emperor Ku, Tang Yao and Yushun as the five emperors Trong "Kinh Lễ·Yue Ling", Taihao (Fuxi), Yandi (Shennong), Huangdi, Shaohao, Zhuanxu are the five emperors "Foreword of Shangshu", "Century of Emperors" Thereafter Shaowu (Hao), Zhuanxu, Gao Xin (Emperor Ku), Tang Yao and Yu Shun were considered the five emperors. In addition, there is also a legend that the five gods are collectively known as the Five Emperors. The “Five Emperors” in “Chu Ci·Xi Chan” annotated by Wang Yi of the Eastern Han Dynasty are the gods of the five directions. That is, Tai Hao in the east, Emperor Yan in the south, Shaohao in the west, Zhuanxu in the north, and Huangdi in the center And Tang Jia Gongyan's "Sacrifice to the Five Emperors" by Tang Jia Gongyan It was the majestic center of the Qing Emperor in the east, the Red Emperor in the south, and the Han Emperor in the center. Bach De Tay Bach Chieu Ngoc, Bac Duoc Immortal Co Black Emperor So these are the following combinations: The "Rites" of Huangdi, Zhuanxu, Emperor Ku, Yao and Shun "Warring States Policy" by Pao Xi, Shen Nong, Huang Di, Yao and Shun "Lu Spring and Autumn" by Taihao, Yandi, Huangdi, Shaohao and Zhuanxu "Zi Zhi Tong Jian Wai Ji" came from Huang Di, Shaohao, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku và Yao Shaohao, Zhuanxu, Emperor Ku, Yao and Shun (pseudo "Foreword of Shangshu") Because of its status as a classic, all subsequent historical records will adopt this theory. Therefore, the theory of the Three Emperors and the Five Emperors is considered reliable ancient history. In fact, the differences in the legend of the Three Emperors and the Five Emperors are a product of China's multi-ethnic development process. It reflects the tortuous trend of national integration progress Long before entering the era of civilization On the vast lands of China, the Huaxia and Miao peoples were formed. Like many other ethnic groups, the Chinese at that time called them Man, Yi, Rong, Di, etc It is said that Huaxia people are the queens of Huang and Yan This truly reflects that the Chinese people are represented by the Emperor and Emperor Yan. The two families are related by blood and have developed over a long period of time. Most of the people mentioned in the Three Emperors theory It is a symbol of the different cultural stages of Chinese ancestors in prehistoric times. There are ancestors, Sui people, there are people who cook and sacrifice (Phuc Hi) Represents the three stages of ignorance: low, intermediate and advanced respectively. Shennong symbolizes the lower stage of barbarism Nuwa is a god like the previous creation In mythology, he combined with Fuxi to create humans People mentioned in the Five Emperors theory The heyday of largely patriarchal tribal confederations and their disintegration Or some patriarchs during the period of military democracy at the end of primitive society or military command character Most opinions say that Sui Ren, Fu Xi and Shen Nong are called "Three Emperors" The Emperor, Zhuan Xu, Emperor Ku, Emperor Yao, and Emperor Shun were known as the "Five Emperors" These sayings originate from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods During the Three Emperors and Five Emperors period, there was no systematic and official system of recording history. The various theories circulating today were not recorded at the time. It is the research or speculation of future generations. Therefore, when talking about the history of the Three Emperors and the Five Emperors, we cannot help but talk about mythology. Pan Co is the main character in the story of the formation of Pan Co that we all know Legend has it that the world was opened by Pangu with an axe. This story reached the Northern Wei period and was transmitted to the North through Li Daoyuan. From then on, the legend of Pan Co spread among the ethnic minorities in the South. And developed into the legendary common ancestor of the Chinese nation In the ninth line of "Promoting the Five Wisdoms", "Five Calendar Movements" After Pangu, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, became an immortal god The organs in His body transformed into the sun, moon, stars, four poles and five mountains, rivers and lakes and all living things. Although this legend contains mythological elements, But it provides us with a reference to study the sun god and moon god of the Chinese people. “The Five-Turn Calendar” says: The two gods of the Chinese people, the sun and the moon, were transformed from Pangu's eyes. The sun god was transformed from Pangu's left eye The moon god was transformed from Pangu's right eye This is where the custom of "men on the left, women on the right" originated and spread among the people. The legend of the Zhao family was recorded in ancient books during the Pre-Qin period He is the legendary inventor of the group This legend reflects the transition from cave dwelling to nest dwelling in primitive times in China. The hero who invented nesting in ancient Chinese mythology is also known as the "Dachao Clan" In the beginning, people lived in caves, wild places and were harmed by wild animals. The Chao family taught people to build wooden nests to avoid wild animals. From then on, humans switched from living in caves to living in nests. "Zhuangzi. Bandit Zhi": “Once upon a time there were many animals and few people, so people lived in their nests to stay away from them. They pick chestnuts during the day and park them on trees in the evening, so they are called Chao people. " Episode 78 of "Taiping Yulan" quotes "Xiang Jun Shixue Chapter": "In the ancient cave there is the lair of the Holy Sect, named Dachao Clan." "Natural History. Miscellaneous Notes" by Jin Zhanghua: “Once upon a time, there was a Trieu family that had generals and nobles, and when they were appointed rulers of the country, they usurped them. The minister was angry and changed, and the nest was destroyed. " It was like the Suiren clan, the Fuxi clan, and the Shennong clan appeared at the same time. Although all were fictionalized by later generations, But it also shows the glorious historical process of the Han ancestors' persistent struggle for survival. Nuwa's name first came from Qu Yuan's "Heavenly Questions": "Nuwa has a body, who made it?" It is said that Nüwa "refined five-colored stones to mend the sky." And created humans, reflecting the myth of matriarchal society In mythology, Nuwa invented the sheng reed musical instrument It adds an atmosphere of endless peace among people Then, the water specially used by Kang Hui harmed people, Nuwa couldn't stand it so he fought Kang Hui. Completely defeat Kang Hui in Daluze and Zhaoyu Daze Nuwa listed his crimes and ordered him to be beheaded. Finally, there was another battle with Ruixu, Nuwa's subordinate, at Buzhou Mountain, in which Kang Hui was defeated. Died after hitting Buzhou Mountain As a result, the following historical events recorded in history appeared: Gonggong (Kanghui)'s head touched Mount Buzhou causing Mount Buzhou to collapse. As a result, the four poles were destroyed, Kyushu was divided, the sky pillar was broken, and the earth was lacking. Nu Wa undertook the arduous job of creating five-colored stones to patch the sky, making the earth flat and the sky flat, without changing all things. Suiren was the one who invented the invention of drilling wood to create fire, which was recorded in ancient books of the pre-Qin period. There was a saint who was inspired by the sparks that appear when a bird pecks at a flint tree. Then he broke flint branches and drilled wood to light a fire. He taught this method to everyone Since then, humans have learned to create artificial fire and use fire to grill food, light, heat, smelt, etc. Human life enters a new phase The Fuxi family is also known as the Bao Xi family, Pa Xi family, Taihao Fuxi family It is said that Hua Xu stepped on the footprints of the God of Thunder in Leize and gave birth to a son. It is said that he invented "tying a rope to a net for fishing", which benefited the people He can "up and down" along the wooden ladder that rises in Miyano. The Fuxi clan began to use memorial symbols and knew how to make fishing nets. Fuxi created Bagua, also made zither and created the music of "Jiabian" The dawn of ancient civilization began to appear during the legendary Fuxi era Shennong is the legendary emperor Yan He is also said to be the god of agriculture, teaching people how to farm, and is also the god of medicine. According to legend, Shen Nong tasted hundreds of herbs and made medicine. Legend has it that Shennong died from eating poisonous herbs. He is the legendary earth god in charge of crops. Perhaps a reference to the name of the clan where agriculture began to develop in primitive society. The Yellow Emperor is the legendary ancestor of the Chinese people According to legend, he was born in Jishui so he took the surname Ji and lived in the hills of Xuanyuan so his name was Xuanyuan. The country has bears, also known as bears. Huangdi defeated the invasion of the Jiuli tribe led by Chi You On behalf of Shennong, he became the leader of the tribal alliance and became the "Emperor". Legend has it that after defeating Chi You, he defeated Emperor Yan's tribe It is also said that the Emperor used jade as a weapon, made boats, chariots, bows and arrows, and dyed his clothes into five colors. He asked his wife Leizu to teach people how to raise silkworms He ordered Cang Jie mandarins to make letters, Da Nao to make trunks and branches, Ling Lun to make musical instruments, etc. Historically, Yao, Shun, Xia, Shang, and Chu were all descendants of the Emperor. Therefore, they were called "descendants of Xuanyuan" and "descendants of Yan and Huang". The Emperor's descendants merged with other tribes to form the Chinese nation The Emperor's Xuanyuan family is considered the ancestors of the Chinese people Emperor Yen's family was Giang. According to legend, he had the head of a cow and was probably the leader of a clan that had the cow as its totem. Emperor Yen was banished by Xich Vu to Trac Luc Emperor Yan asked the Emperor for help, and the two sides fought at Zhuolu. Xi You asked Master Feng Boyu to stir up wind and rain, causing a thick fog that disoriented Huangdi's soldiers. The emperor asked the goddess of drought Ba to clear the weather and build a "compass" to determine direction. As a result of this fierce battle, Chi You was defeated and killed. The Emperor won and was elected “Emperor” Chuyen Huc, surname Ky, first name Cao Duong, lives in Pu Duong district, Ha Nam province According to legend, he was a descendant of Changyi, son of Huangdi. When he was twenty years old, the Emperor passed the throne to him Ancient books say: "The Cao Duong dynasty had eight talented people." Emperor Ku, surnamed Ji, nicknamed Gaoxin, great-grandson of Huangdi His father's name is Aiji, and Zhuanxu is his cousin. When Emperor Ku came to power, there were many talented people and he ruled the world very well. Emperor Ku reigned for more than 70 years King Yao, family name Am Ky, name Phuong Ton Because he was appointed Emperor Yao during the Tang Dynasty, he was known as the “Dao of the Tang Dynasty” because of his noble moral character and high reputation, so the people loved Emperor Yao very much. He is serious and respectful, illuminating all directions and distinguishing above and below. The ability to unite people and make them unite as a family and live in harmony Yao is a simple man who eats raw rice and drinks wild vegetable soup Nature is loved by everyone When Yao reached old age, the twelve shepherds of the four mountains elected his successor as military leader of the tribal alliance. Everyone unanimously recommended Shun Emperor Yao married his two daughters to Shun and conducted a long investigation of him. Finally, I feel comfortable giving in Emperor Shun, surnamed Yao, was said to have two pupils and was named "Chonghua". His name is Yu, so he is called Yu Shun. Because of Siyue's recommendation, Yao ordered him to assume his leadership position And gave him his two daughters as wives When Shun was the team leader, he did every job well. Created a situation of political harmony in ancient times So Shun became the most powerful leader in the Central region After death, Zen resides in Yu These three emperors and five emperors was the legendary "Emperor" of China before the Summer Dynasty Now it seems they are all tribal leaders And because of their strength, they became the leaders of the tribal alliance. To show its high status Qin Shi Huang used the title "Emperor" and "Emperor" to form "Emperor" According to myths, legends or historical records, they believe that the three emperors were all in the early days. But different historians have different definitions of "three emperors and five emperors". What do you think? Everyone can leave a message below to express their views. Okay, that's all for today's video. If you like my video, you can support it by giving it a Like Welcome everyone to subscribe to my channel See you next time! ! Goodbye ~ goodbye