Chinese History and Culture Class 8: Yao, Shun, and Yu all under heaven

Okay, let's go back to last week. Ah, I don't know if you still remember We last week Last week we learned Painted Pottery Art Ancient Chinese Pottery Art This pottery art Look around, everyone. This is right away from us now About 7,000 to 10,000 years ago This person from ancient China They use their wisdom This pottery was created And on this pottery It is the art of casting What about that class that day? I showed you a lot Those are the pottery from 1978, seven or eight thousand years ago. Ha, there are animals up there. There are characters There are various patterns. So what are we talking about? This pottery It is used That is, he used it to make this thing. It's for carrying things. But people use it to store things. When filling water I found that I can draw on it. Can draw beautiful pictures So what about humans? What do you start creating on ceramic pottery? Creating Art So what we learned in the last class was that point You may still remember We are the original human beings. Ancient humans Our ancestors They create a lot of things here. Make their material life more comfortable Eat better Wear warmer Live safer Then what about going out? Maybe there are horses or something like that. Faster and faster Besides this kind of material life What else did they discover? At the same time You can also pursue a kind of spiritual happiness. For example, this painting Our pottery art It's painting on this pottery. For example, what about the people at that time? Besides painting I already know how to sing this song There is music and dance What about that human being? On this artistic path In the pursuit of God's life It's getting further and further away. Ah, what happened later? Humans invented this writing Writing invented books Oh, is that so? Human spiritual life is becoming more and more abundant Once people have a rich spiritual life If the material life is a little worse, it will not matter. Because of the spirit It's our brain. This is the wing of spiritual life. You can fly very far This shop is totally unpopular with us. The bondage of this material life It's not the constraints of where we live, eat and wear. This is something we learned in the last class. Then we In the last class We learned three characters. Yao, Shun and Yu What about Yao, Shun and Yu? What about our era? It's a very important era. Because in that era What about China's history? He had a big jump I you know It jumped to another stage. How did this jump happen? Today, let’s take a look at I will share another PPT with you good Well, let's take a look at this PPT good Then we know Ah, last class. We talked about the Yellow Emperor. Hundreds of years later What about us? What about the ancestors of the Chinese nation? They live together. Ah, because of Emperor Yan Become their leader? They live together. We are getting closer and closer. Between the tribes Getting closer But what about the living conditions at that time? Still very bad Hundreds of years later? At this time period? At this time Oh, in the Yellow River Basin It's flooding Sometimes there is drought. Besides floods and droughts, What else? We have just entered the agricultural society. We planted a lot of crops But at that time There are many wild animals. You planted this crop. It's delicious. This beast is here to eat it. Then he comes to this field to eat your crops Even if he doesn't farm. Like elephants and stuff like that. He took this farmland I'll trample you into a mess So the lives of ordinary people At that time It's very painful. It happens often. For example, a flood I haven't had any food this year. They will starve to death. The leaders at this time First, there is a leader named Yao. You see this leader now. He was very anxious. Then he was taken After becoming the leader of these tribes He was thinking How can I solve this problem? He thought of many ways Solve the problem bit by bit So it took decades? Later, Yao gradually grew old. What happens when you get old? He followed the custom at that time. We call it Zen He went to find Let each tribe recommend Another very virtuous person A very wise man to replace him Then we need to go through an inspection What happens after that person passes the test? You can take his place. Because he's too old. So everyone recommended this Everyone see this? This Shun is very virtuous. A very wise person And this Shun has a particularly big feature. He is very good at spotting talent. I found a capable person What about Yao? Although I tried very hard to make these tribes All are possible. Living a better life But there are many problems Not solved yet What about Yao? He is old. I recommended Shun Everyone, please elect Shun Succeeded Yao as leader Then this time What about Hou? What about Shun? I'm just wondering how I can solve this problem. I have a lot of problems to solve. Let's go one by one Then Shun began to think I can't solve all the problems by myself. I need someone to come So he looked at everyone first. What was everyone's first question at that time? It's our hard work This land planted by the river Wild animals often come to eat my crops Even if the wild animals don't eat my crops The big beast It will trample my crops into a mess. And some wild animals Also attacks humans Like a tiger or something like that Ha, he said what to do I'll think of a way. Do you recommend There is one that everyone recommends. There is a person in a place A very famous hunter. Very good at dealing with wild animals. This person is called Yi What about this wing? A very famous hunter. Very good at dealing with wild animals Then Shun found it He said he didn't want wild animals to harm the crops. What do wild animals fear the most? Look at this picture I drew. Guess what What do wild animals fear most? fire Fire That's right fire Fire Humans are not afraid of fire But the beasts are afraid of fire So what about this wing? Just tell that Shun I have a solution Wild beasts are most afraid of fire I took the forest surrounding the farmland. Burn him with fire It burned. The wild animals ran away when they saw the fire. And after I burn it This place Next to the farmland There is no forest far away It's a big plain. The beast doesn't like this kind of open space. He feels unsafe He wants to hide in this woods. So he won't come out very often. Here to attack humans Attack this Come and eat this crop He said there is another benefit. Where are we now? To plant crops? This place It's not easy to open After the fire You can burn a large area of ​​land Then what The ash from the burnt wood It is a very good fertilizer It can make the crops grow better. So is my method good? Shun said yes Your method is so good. It's art. Say you are so capable Don't do things for yourself anymore. Please stop being a hunter. What about me? How about this, everyone? There is food sent to us how about you Come with me to help all tribes Don't be disturbed by wild animals. Do you want this? Ah, this Eric Do you have any questions? I wanna say uh I am Eric's sister. And I want to say Wasn't it Yao Shunyu in our last class? How come it's like Yao and Shun? You asked a good question. We'll talk about it in a moment. well What about this e? I agreed There are two students who raised their hands. let me see Good lobster This is a lobster. Do you have any question Won't that fire accidentally burn down the house? good Ah, that's a good question you asked. But in the ancient times This isn't a problem. Because the population was very small in ancient times. The fields are very open What about the other one? The meaning There must be a way As he said, this is a technology. There is a way to prevent him from burning down the house. Good classmate Jiaxin You ask your question I would like to know Did they make fire by rubbing two sticks together? still Oh, we've already finished talking about making fire by rubbing two sticks together. This is no longer the time to make fire by rubbing two sticks together right now we Humans already know How did you create this fire? What are we talking about now? How to use this fire? Keep wild animals from eating crops good Grace, please speak. Well, this is the period of Yao, Shun and Yu. Do they also make fire by rubbing two sticks together? There is another way No The era of drilling wood to make fire has long passed. How did they set the fire then? Ah, they use For example, there are some That's uh Than the wood of the previous wood drilling era Maybe a better one One that is easy to light A kind of flint. Just one hit will do. Oh OK, thank you. Ah, the era of drilling wood to make fire It's so far away from their time now. They humans in this era Already very I have become very skilled in using various methods There is fire in the future Haha, a classmate just asked Yi knows how to manage fire It's not just about lighting a fire. What to do if the house burns down What about Dan Yi? I decided to help the people. After Yi's hard work, Finally After some years This beast Eating crops is becoming less and less common. Well, the first problem has been solved. What is the second question? The second question It's also a very troublesome problem What's the problem This appears again to find someone Ha, everyone is planting crops. But many people grow this crop. Low production So after planting, I still can’t eat enough What about Shun? Why would I find another person? Find a skilled farmer This expert Be familiar with all kinds of crops Able to grow crops with the highest yield Someone recommended this person. This person is called Ji Or postscript We call this remember They say he is the best at growing crops. All Yellow River Green He grows the best Then what about Shun? Just go find him Find him Talk to him What's your secret to growing crops? The one who continued to talk to him According to the different characteristics of the land Some land is dry Suitable for growing millet Some land is wet Suitable for growing rice Some lands are hot. Suitable for planting this, this, and this Wheat, winter wheat Some places are cold Suitable for growing wheat in spring It's the five grains. Five different kinds of crops There are different It depends on where he grows it. I suddenly felt This guy must be a skilled person. Look at how well his crops are growing. Shun told that chicken wing How are you? ah Xiufang Ahhh Teacher, you spelled the wrong pinyin for "阿顺". It's s thanks, thanks I wrote you wrong You are very me I wrote you wrong Your index is very Yeah, let me change it. See if it can be fixed. I'll change it later OK I think I can change it. Okay, ok. Thank you Thanks for pointing out my mistake. It's ok now. good Then let's continue. What about this sacrifice? So then If you are talking about Shun, just tell that sacrifice. Don't grow crops anymore. why Why don't you help people all over the world grow crops? People from various tribes They all need someone like you to teach them. And you Are you willing to give up your own land? Life there is actually pretty good. But he thought about it. He was... A classmate raised his hand. Do you have any question good Okay, so what about this g? So he started He said eh And me To learn how to say I have planted my own crops. I'm the only one eating But if I could help everyone Can grow good crops Eat enough food all day How great! What about this sacrifice? He also agreed to help Shun start teaching everyone how to grow crops. Then after this sacrifice After many years of hard work He went to various tribes according to Soil quality of each tribe Ask them to grow different crops Finally, what about the yield of crops? It has greatly improved Okay, this is the second capable person. A classmate just asked Where did the fish go? Hey, the fish is here. Fish Although we say this beast is gone Crop yields also increased Food production has also increased Hello classmates Our problem Now everyone has a lot of questions Where am I now? Finish this Can you guys ask questions after I finish? I want to know why kidney Why Wasn't the photo of the woman originally a photo of a kidney? Oh, I think you guys are really awesome. You your eyes And memory. It's amazing! I admire you guys so much I'll admit a mistake to you again. I put the photo on the original I found out I was wrong Where is the original photo I put? Actually it should be this photo of the rain So since I turned it over I wanted to explain this to you before. But I forgot But your classmates are too sharp-eyed. I saw it at a glance Actually, I put the wrong photo before. Where's the photo I put? It should be rain Because he was holding this shovel. This shovel is used for digging soil. It is used to dredge flood water Okay, thank you This one of yours This is obvious. I won't tell you the story of Yu. Because I said that time Shun asked Yu to control the flood What about this water? All cleared. Now, do you see The beasts have also decreased Food production has also increased The fish also solved the problem of flooding in the river. Wow, after more than ten years of hard work... People's lives have improved What happens after you get better? The problem comes again What went wrong How about this, everyone? What happens after life gets better? Yes Some people may live a life different from others. The life of this tribe I think we This place is not as good as that place to live What are you doing? How do we do it? I'm going to grab his stuff. And then some people What happened after he became rich? He feels that he is really powerful. My family is greedy. He thinks I can take up more space. Can produce more things I'm going to steal other people's things Then there are some other people Why don't you work hard? To steal other people's things Other people's food is grown He went to steal from the granary What about this person? After life gets better No education They started committing all kinds of criminal acts. Shun saw that this was not going to work. I have to find someone else So what about you? I recommended someone to him. What to recommend This person is called Gao Yao Who is Gao Yao? What about Gao Yao? Very smart Especially severe And he raised a very scary beast This beast is called Lezhi What is this leak for? Hey, I'll tell you in a moment. Why did Shun look for Gao Yao? Because Gaoyao is in his tribe. If there is a quarrel among you I'll go find him Gaoyao can always tell who is right and who is wrong Then punish the wrongdoers Then let the right person Able to be compensated Shun Shungen wants to do what he wants to say You don't need to stay in that small village of yours. Come and help me The chief judge of the world This is a special case Help me manage this world There are too many crimes in the world now. Thief and robber The struggle between tribes You have to help me manage it I'll send someone to you. You figured out who was right and who was wrong. You can put him in jail. What about the people You should get the corresponding compensation Then you can't Ah, let them be orderly and obey the law Formulate question Teacher, your voice Many people pulled him. Teacher, you are stuck. Our Internet is not stable. Teacher, you are stuck. Teacher, you are stuck. Wait for me. Ah, okay, okay. Are you feeling better now? alright A little better Much better Please wait for me for a minute. Give me a minute. Give me Okay, is it still stuck now? No more stuck Is it stuck? Is it stuck? No more jams. No more jams. Thanks Okay, let's talk about the hoe kiln. What does this kiln judge rely on? Do you see this beast underneath him? The Beast It is actually a divine beast that came down from the sky. What are you doing? What about him? He is one or two people. For example, let’s talk about Guangyao. They all say I am right. This is not a thing It's not me. I didn't ask any questions For example, if someone says that another person is a thief I didn't steal anything. And then? Smiling Just take this beast Just released it This beast? It's a unicorn Has a horn Who does he see? Let him know who did something wrong He pushed him with his foot Because he is a divine beast from heaven So the judgment is very accurate. But this is a legend. So what? After the management of the Haoyao Slowly There will be less crime. But what happens after it's gone? What about this everyone? Is it because you are afraid of Gao Yao? He Gao Yao set up a prison If he committed a crime, lock him up. Then get punished But what about Shun? I don't think this is okay. Just like this? Everyone is just afraid of Gao Yao What if Gao Yao passed away? He said I have to do one more thing. What are you doing? I'm looking for someone with special virtues. What are you doing? To run an education and a school, we need to teach everyone. How should people live in peace with each other? What about between tribes? We should respect each other Help each other So He found someone else This person is Xie This thank you In his village That's his village. A special peace Because Xie often teaches them these uh The people in the village How to get along better with others Well, Shun? So Xie was made the Minister of Education. To manage this body From various tribes You go and ask the tribes to find a solution. Give them these good things. So I agreed to thank you. Look at this Shun. It's really amazing He is good at using people. These are just five of the most famous There are so many people. They were all used by Shun one by one. What about after Shun's many years of governance? What about the agricultural tribes in the Yellow River Basin? Life is getting better What about it? Let's talk about Yu. everybody knows Later, Yu took over Shun's position. What about Yu? He controlled the flood. Traveled to many places The Yellow River Basin I have traveled all over the Yangtze River Basin. Also drew a map What about those watersheds? There were many tribes that were not from Huangdi before. There is no connection with the Yellow Emperor's tribe. But after Yu and the tribes left, Everyone knows it. This Yao, Shun and Yu The Yellow River Basin is the best managed And so on. Then he submitted to this Yu Then what about Yu? There are some tribes. For example, don't listen to Yu. I still want to grab this, this, and this. This food of the Yao, Shun and Yu tribe Yu led the people Forming an army? Go destroy them So, Yu's reputation Getting bigger And then uh The tribes What about the tribes in the Yangtze and Yellow River basins? They all paid tribute to Yu. That's why it's called "Share the Nine Provinces" What is Kyushu? Jiuzhou is Yubai On this map Everyone, see this map. Yubai is divided into nine parts The nine parts are called Kyushu What does state mean? Meaning of land in water So everyone paid tribute to him. So it's called Yugong What did Kyushu use as tribute? Did you see the tribute? A big tripod This big tripod is actually a big pot in the past. It's filled with food Look at this word. There is a Ding character under this character. Look, there are so many things piled up there. What about this big tripod? It is said that there is one such tripod in every state. That’s why it’s called Jiuding. What about Yu? The world is divided up. Then, after Shun got older Pass him the location. After that, already? Send someone to manage it. Different regions So what do we see? He took this person Send them out one by one Then what about the tribes in each place? There are people managing it. I only marked these four people here. There are actually more people. In this case In the middle is the tribe of Yao, Shun and Yu Next to them are other tribes. Accept the management of this Yu What about Dayu? Just take these Kyushu All these tribes together Because these tribes It has a feature They are all agricultural tribes So what about Yu? So I gave them a name What's it called? It's called Zhuxia What is Zhuxia? Zhu means various things. Why is it called Xia? Summer is related to our agriculture. Now let's take a look at the word "Xia". Did you see this word? I saw it Saw this This is the earliest word for Xia in ancient times. This word summer Everyone look at this There is a man kneeling here. What's on your head? I saw Just this There is a word on the top of the head Do you know this word? Day by day Day That's right. There is a sun on the top of the head Hey, you're absolutely right. There's a sun on the head. There's a sun on the head. Please wait for me. Wait for me a moment. Um right I use this one better. For the same What word is this? This word "Xia" In ancient times Actually, it's just one person. Looking up at the sun Because it is an agricultural tribe What about agricultural tribes? he knows The most important thing for growing crops is the sun. Without the sun, nothing can be grown. So look up at the sun Agricultural tribe What about the people in the agricultural tribes? Special respect for the sun What about this word? It's the word "Xia" So what about this rain? Just put everyone These tribes united This agricultural tribe in Kyushu It's called Xia Just a few summers Many summers Unite and call yourself Zhuxia Hey, what about Zhu Xia? Then after a period of development, Everyone called it Huaxia Why is it called Huaxia? Ha, this Chinese character Look at the following word. This is the ancient Chinese character for Hua. What does this Chinese character look like? Like a flower Like a flower, that's right. You guys see it very accurately. Ancient Chinese characters It's the flower character now. What about this flower? There is this leaf on top. There is a root under the flower What does it represent? It means taking root. The meaning of taking root So our first name was Zhuxia. So later we had the Xia Dynasty What happened later? Also called Huaxia Why does it mean? We are farmers What do farmers do? What about farmers? We must take root in this land Like the flowers in our farmland To take root so what The word Huaxia came into being What about the word Huaxia? How did it come about? In the classics it is said that there are summer flowers What does that mean Look, there are four words below. It is the sun shining So there are plants and flowers growing out It means Huaxia So why do you guys want to see this? Because we are Chinese There is another name This name is Huaxia How did the word Huaxia come about? It has a lot to do with Yu. Because of Yu Call down all tribes And then what happened later? Everyone thinks this should We are farmers. As farmers, we need to put down roots. So the word "Hua" is added before "Xia". The word "Hua" means flowers take root. So let's take China. Also known as Huaxia What about the Chinese nation? Also known as the Chinese nation That's how it came about. good Well, we are Shun. When you get older He put this uh position It was passed on to Yu We just saw Passed to Yu What about us Yu? Just this It was also recommended by everyone. Shun is old. Then everyone voted that Yu was the most capable. I just introduced you to how capable Yu is. And what about Yu? Very powerful too. It's different from Shun. Who doesn't listen to him? At that time he could send troops to destroy him. What about when he's in a meeting? Some tribes did not listen to him. The rain can punish him. What about the rain? good It's raining now. He has a higher status than other people. He became a leader After Shun What about after Yu? Quite interesting What happened? Yu Because he has now unified Kyushu Then All of these people around him Sent out to manage various places What about these people? He's different from before. What's the difference? These leaders in the past They are managing the country. At the same time, At home, we still have to farm. Still busy with life But what about Yu? These people recruited by Shun We are looking for these talented people. They are different. They are not here Their family No longer engaged in agricultural production What about their life? Is it by everyone? What about the tribes? Provide money and food to support them They are here to manage the country. That is to say, at this time Division of labor began to emerge in society Some people Like Yu and the others There are also geishas spreading rumors They started to use their brains to do things. To manage these worlds Then what about these tribes in the world? They accept this feather and wing The management of these people And then what about them? Take your own food Contribute a part Let them not have to worry about this life So what? What about these people? Their family Especially their children I haven't been involved in agriculture since I was a child. No more learning farming techniques What do they learn? They learn how to manage the country's technology since childhood What about Yu? Growing up in such an environment This son of Yu Let's take a look Why So what happens when Yu gets old? The rain is thinking Who is the most suitable person to manage the country now? As a result, everyone said that your son is the most suitable to run the country You might as well pass it on to your son. But what? Yu said it's not good to pass it on to my son Let's find someone else. So I recommended this one in the middle. This this easy Maybe everyone thinks Hey, where is you, Yu? Where's your son? Very capable and then Besides, your prestige is also very high. Your entire family has a high prestige. You asked Yi to govern the world? We are not at ease Let your son rule the world. What happened next? Starting from Yu When Yu died There is no more recommendation. What are you doing? He passed his position to his son. What about after his son takes office? I thought Actually, now Look at the people around you who manage the tribes. They are all their descendants. They all learned how to manage the country from a young age. Very capable of management Then they won't go back to farm. Ah, what about me? Since it's from my dad's side Accept this position What about the other tribes that accept management? Let's use the same system. good So what about this? This is what I said. Ah, everyone, look, there is a huge change. From now on, I mean later. We don't have elections. you have a problem good Through the parents right Became inherited The pinyin is wrong again Oh no Yes, yes, because I brought it here. thank you Then what about that? You just saw it very accurately. There's a big change here. He started because of his father Accepted this rule of governing the world The position of this leader So at the same time He let the tribes What about this position? No more elections. Passed it on to his son This is a significant change What is the reason for this change? It's because of this time What about these tribal leaders? They are no longer the farmers they used to be. We are the emperor. Yao or Shun What about their families? They are still farmers They became leaders They are old What about after retirement? What about their son? Go back to being a farmer But what about this group of people? What about these people after the universe? What about their family? No longer a farmer They manage the various tribes. Each heaven manages the whole world. What about their son since childhood? Just learn this knowledge In other words, they did not learn the knowledge of farming. So what about them? After getting up? Naturally? I don't want to be a farmer anymore. They want to continue to manage the tribes. What about him? I also want to continue to manage the world So what happened? This set a precedent No longer pass it on to my son So what about waiting for this stage? Everyone is still thinking That might be temporary. Maybe it will return to the era of Yao and Shun in the future. Maybe it's an election. Let's just accept it for now. But when good Let’s look at it again. What happened to the third generation? After Qiqi passed away He is still a son What happened after Qi died? He passed the position to his son. Of course, what about the other people in this tribe? Also learn from him Passed this position to their son At this time Three generations have passed. That means it's been a long time. At this time Most people are good A classmate raised his hand Do you have any question Yep I saw that Why does the third note start with the All are upward But the one in the manuscript is pointing downwards. Why are they different? What's the different place? Okay, I'll come back to answer your question. Okay, let's continue talking. Then let's see this What happened at this time? After three generations, where? After three generations? Why At this time When it came to Qi's son I will start telling everyone Actually, this The world is originally made up of me This uh This Yuqi family ruled We call ourselves Xia. Everyone knows that Yu gave the entire Kyushu Got a name Xia? We'll call ourselves Xia. We are called Xia Dynasty So why can I rule this world? Because I am the son of God. In other words, I was sent here by the gods. So I am the leader of the world. If he is the emperor, then what about my son? The future emperor Become the emperor from generation to generation Keep doing this So what he said What about us later? It's family. Family inheritance Then the rest of us who are under my management What about the tribes? What are they? They became a country. What about these countries? Accept my management What about them? also the same They are also God let them manage their country. What about their country? What about their leaders? Call the King So at this time Did you see it? A big change has occurred good Good! Some students raised their hands. Is there a problem Without me just now you Just answered my question a while ago. Okay, thank you Then let’s take a look again. At this time Did you see it? There has been a huge change in this world What's Changing It turns out that he was called Chanranggong The world is elected One by one election Did he pass it on to his son? Who has high moral character? Who is wiser? Whom to pass it to And it needs to be inspected But after Yu came changed Became the best in the world What is Jiatianxia? The best world is the future. What about this world? It's no longer after everyone elects us. Xia, this is from Yu To Qi Qi to Qi's son Qi's son passed it on to his son. This is passed down from generation to generation. Even this son He is not smart No virtue He is also the leader of the world. What about the countries? This leader of each tribe Now it's called the country The same is true for this country Their sons are also from generation to generation To manage their tribe So what is the reason for this? It's because of these people. They have become a professional management world And the people who run the country Then they have to pass it down from generation to generation. And in the name of God This is what God did. What's below? What about this common people? I think this is no problem. But This can't be completed in one go. Then we know that the Qi passed to his son. Because it’s only been 100 years. This impression is still in everyone's mind. Actually, it wasn't like this before. It is a push election system Yes, it was chosen So, at that time, Qi's son There was turmoil What unrest? Some tribes are not convinced Why do you want to be the leader of this world? I must oppose you So someone came out. Killed Qi's son Then I want to be the leader of the world But other places Several other places What about those kings? If you don't obey, there will be war Then came this grandson Finally, these rebellions were quelled. Became the leader of the world again At this time Everyone thinks Oh, this family world is better. At least the family empire is relatively stable. It's just that there is a manager who is very stable. From generation to generation If everyone chooses But in case everyone What to do if you are not convinced Just fight Because at that time Each tribe has an army. So after this chaos More than 100 years of chaos After decades of chaos? At this time, everyone What about various countries? The tribes Let's call it country first. We have to change our name. It's called the country. I think Actually, Jiatianxia is also good. Okay, what about this time? China has officially entered a new dynasty. It was called Xia, which was the first dynasty of China. Xia Dynasty Okay, what about this? A major change. Although we are now All of them, yeah, they should. Let's recall the era of public society why Because that era That leader No selfishness at all Then they really worked hard. For the sake of the people of this world I've thought of many ways. Let these people live better What about after arriving at Jiatian? It's a little different. Because at this time These leaders These monarchs The emperor is also good They think more about their own This one from this family How to live better Life is better What about the farmers? It becomes a matter of paying to support them. so what We have to express our nostalgia for this public world. But what about history? Always moving forward so what After a thousand years of development, Our Chinese civilization Finally, we have taken another big step forward good Okay, then what? This is the dragon we talked about before. Now let me show you guys We often talk about the Chinese nation. It is everlasting. The meaning of endless reproduction is continuous reproduction. It means continuous growth. Now let's take a look at our dragon Hagang. Long Ha, who is just starting out We have ended a phase. What stage is this? This is the period of Huangdi, Yandi, Yao, Shun and Yu This is the embryonic period of our civilization Then what about this period? About 1,000 years So what period are we entering now? We entered the Xia Dynasty That is to say Named after a family A dynasty period Good, some students have questions. Let me take a look. This is Nolan Do you have any question No good Hey, salary increase Do you have any questions Well, China is now... Did you withdraw from the election? Is it the one that was voted on? This country now We are like this What is our current system? We'll talk about that later. Because history develops step by step What about the current system? It is both elected and inherited But we have to look at the development of history Can we talk about that later? good So what shall we talk about? At this time The Xia Dynasty calendar is now 3,000 years old. Then the first dynasty cosplay begins So what about a long time in the future? We will all add to this history. good This is our content today. What about the last part? ah In our place In the last class, when I was talking about the art of painted pottery, Yes, yes. There is a small homework left on that WeChat I'm just asking about the difference between pottery and porcelain. What is the difference between pottery and porcelain? There is a classmate Kong Kong in WeChat He has an answer. His answer is very good. It's also very simple It is also very accurate Just pottery party and porcelain China What is the difference between it and so what Let's listen to Kong Kong Kong Kong's answer. Wang Xiao shares music Next time you can let me edit it The one that becomes that delicacy? Do you want to answer it yourself? Or play your recording? Uh, just play the recording. OK, I'll answer it myself Okay, then come by yourself. The difference between pottery and porcelain is pottery The difference between pottery and porcelain The soil they use is different. They cook at different temperatures. Well, porcelain needs to be fired at the highest temperature. The lowest temperature for firing pottery Then um They are all made of clay. This is what they have in common Okay, that's a very accurate answer. I have just answered a few key points. The first one Porcelain and Pottery Do you have porcelain in your home? There is pottery. The first one But you answer it yourself You exposed two points. The first point What about the soil used for porcelain and pottery? It's different They use different soil. The second point The temperature at which porcelain is fired. What about the temperature of the fire? The requirements are much higher than pottery. The third point From his appearance Porcelain is more delicate and smooth Most of the bowls we eat from at home are porcelain. Pottery is relatively rough. Look for it at home. The particularly rough ones may be pottery. And then, it has strong water absorption. Oh, yes, yes, yes. Porcelain does not absorb water very well I remember it. But you you you you You said it all in that recording. This is very normal. Sometimes I can't remember the answers I gave on the spot. What about these points? You can go then. Other students can also go and observe. Okay, what about us today? Let’s review a little bit. Okay, let’s take a look today. What about us today? That's what I said How to go from conquering the world to being the best in the world Entering our first dynasty, the Xia Dynasty Everyone remember this word "Xia" Because the word "xia" is very important. Ha, let's go back to this chapter. What about our Chinese nation? Also called the Chinese nation What about our culture? Also called Chinese culture We can also be called the Chinese nation. How did our Chinese nation come about? Ha, it is the first dynasty of our China Summer Friendship So what is this next? Is it a person? There's a sun on my head Because we are China An agricultural society Agricultural societies respect the sun. So a person is bowing to the sun Why is there Hua? Hua means flower In other words We are an agricultural nation What do we hope for our nation? Take root like a flower What happens after taking root? have it done What to do? Look at this word here. To achieve endless life What does it mean to live forever? It's endless It just goes on forever. This has been going on for generations. Meaning: to grow forever like crops So what about the word Huaxia? You must remember today. good Well, our time is up today. That's all for today's class. What about our next class? We are now officially entering this stage. Hello, classmate Kongkong Do you have any questions please? Classmate Kongkong Do you have any questions please? Okay, if there's no problem. That's all for today's class. goodbye students See you bye goodbye teacher Goodbye goodbye teacher bye-bye Goodbye Goodbye Goodbye, teacher. Teacher, please ask your question again. I didn't hear it just now Excuse me Goodbye Chinese We Chinese are called Chinese Are you from China too? That's right. Because our name is Huaxia But ours is that Sometimes it's just a simple name. It's not called Huaxia Are two words a bit too many? So we call them Chinese. right Just remember that Hua and Hua are the same word in ancient times. Why Okay, there's Nolan. Please speak, please Nolan, what do you want to say? Say byebye byebye to him