Russian World Lesson 58 - Russian language Class
Hello! Good morning! Good afternoon! My name is Vera Alekseevna Polyakova-Norwood.
Welcome to the Russian language lesson.
Now you are at school. You are at a lesson.
You are learning Russian.
You are already reading, speaking and writing in Russian.
At school you are learning Russian.
Russian language.
Let's think about this phrase. Russian language.
You know, this is an adjective-noun phrase.
Russian is an adjective, Russian, and language is a noun.
Language. The Russian language.
Can you think of other adjective-noun phrases that we have already learned?
We talked about different languages.
We talked about English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Japanese.
All of these are adjective-noun phrases.
But do we know any other adjectives? Not yet.
So today we will start using the words like new, old, good, bad, interesting.
They are adjectives.
So this is the topic of today's lesson. Russian adjectives.
Let's take a look at some of them.
Let's begin by looking at these adjectives.
Новый means new.
Старый means old.
Хороший means good.
Плохой has the opposite meaning, bad.
And детский, children's.
Новый, Старый, Хороший, Плохой, Детский.
These are adjectives.
And by the end of today's lesson you will know how to use these words within phrases and sentences correctly.
So, Новый, New.
Старый, Old.
Хороший, What's the English for Хороший?
Good.
Плохой, Do you remember what it means?
Bad.
And детский, means children's.
And it's easy for you to remember because you know the word дети, children.
So детский is derived from дети.
Детский, Children's.
All these words are adjectives.
And since they are new words for us, we need to go ahead and write them down.
So today we are looking at adjectives for the first time.
And we begin with Новый.
Новый.
Новый по-английски New.
Новый.
And then the opposite of Новый is Старый.
Как по-английски Старый, Old.
Новый, New, Старый, Old.
Let's move on and we are looking at this adjective.
Хороший.
And what does this one mean?
Good.
You remember the word Хорошо.
The adjective is Хороший.
So today we'll be talking about good things a lot.
Хороший.
Good. Хороший.
And the opposite of Хороший is Плохой.
Плохой.
Плохой по-английски Bad.
Хороший. Good.
Плохой. Bad.
And now let's add one more.
Детский.
Детский по-английски Children's.
So we'll be talking about children's books and children's things in general.
So let's go over our list of adjectives.
Now everybody please read after me.
Новый.
Старый.
Хороший.
Плохой.
Детский.
Как по-английски Новый?
New.
Старый.
Old.
Как по-английски Хороший?
Good.
Плохой.
Bad.
And finally, как по-английски Детский?
Children's.
Хорошо.
These are our new adjectives.
Новый, Старый, Хороший, Плохой and Детский.
Это журнал.
And this is a new magazine.
So how can I say that?
A new magazine.
Новый журнал.
Say it after me.
Новый журнал.
Хорошо.
And if I had an old magazine,
how can I say that?
Old magazine.
Старый журнал.
Work with that list of adjectives that you now have.
Старый журнал.
Let's say a good magazine.
A good magazine.
Хороший журнал.
Did you say that?
One more time.
Хороший журнал.
And let us say a children's magazine.
A magazine for children.
Детский журнал.
So this is how it works.
We can talk about Новый журнал,
Старый журнал,
Хороший журнал,
Детский журнал.
Or if you don't like it,
you can say Плохой журнал.
A bad magazine.
Плохой журнал.
Хорошо.
But this is not that easy.
Remember we always go back to the discussion of gender
in the Russian language.
We talk about masculine, feminine and neuter.
Gender is a big thing in the Russian language.
When we were talking about nouns,
when we were studying nouns,
we learned that we have masculine nouns,
feminine nouns, neuter nouns
and then plural nouns.
When it comes to adjectives,
the category of gender
again becomes very, very important.
Because we have masculine adjectives,
feminine adjectives,
neuter adjectives
and plural adjectives.
And the interesting thing is
the gender of an adjective
depends upon the gender of a noun.
And to illustrate this point,
let's look at these adjective-noun phrases.
Basic adjective endings.
Now follow me very closely.
Новый журнал.
Журнал is which gender?
It's a masculine noun.
Новый журнал.
If a noun is masculine,
then the adjective that goes along with it
has to take the masculine ending.
Новый журнал.
So ЫЙ is our basic masculine ending for adjectives.
Новый журнал.
Masculine noun, masculine adjective.
Let's look at the second example.
Новая книга.
Книга is which gender?
That's right, it's feminine.
And the adjective has to take the feminine ending now.
It has to agree in gender with the noun.
So we say Новая книга.
Книга is feminine.
Новая is feminine.
We have perfect agreement in gender.
Новая книга.
Айя is our basic feminine ending for adjectives.
Let's move on to the third example.
Радио.
Радио is which gender?
Neuter.
So the adjective has to take the neuter ending now.
Новое радио.
Радио is neuter.
Новое is neuter.
ОЕ is our basic neuter ending for adjectives.
Новые журналы.
Журналы is plural.
Now the adjective has to take the plural ending.
Because it has to be in agreement with the noun.
Plural noun, plural adjective.
Новые журналы.
ОЕ is our basic plural ending for adjectives.
So adjectives agree in number and gender with the noun that they modify.
Let's read these phrases together.
Everybody after me please.
Новые журналы.
And please say adjectives very clearly.
Pronounce adjectival endings very clearly.
Let's try again.
Новый журнал.
Новая книга.
Новое радио.
Новые журналы.
Хорошо.
And as we always do with our new material, we have to write this down.
So a new magazine is
Новый журнал.
And the gender here is masculine.
ОЕ is our masculine ending for adjectives.
Новый журнал.
Новая книга.
A new book.
Новая книга.
Книга is feminine.
So our adjective now takes the АЯ ending, which is the feminine ending for adjectives.
Новая книга.
Хорошо.
Now let's talk about a new radio.
Новое радио.
And we know that радио is which gender?
It's neuter.
And the adjective appears with the neuter ending now.
ОЕ.
ОЕ is the neuter ending for adjectives.
Новое радио.
And now let's talk about
Новые журналы.
Журналы is plural.
So the adjective appears with the ИЕ ending on it.
ИЕ.
Новые журналы.
Adjectives agree with nouns in gender and number.
So in an adjective-noun relationship,
the noun is a leader,
and the adjective is a follower.
Adjectives agree with nouns in number and gender.
And that's a very important point in the Russian language.
Number and gender.
Ну, хорошо.
So we already talked about Новый журнал.
A new magazine.
Новый журнал.
But here I have a book.
And it's a new book.
What can I say about it?
A new book.
Новая книга.
Учебник.
And this is a new textbook.
Новый учебник.
Хорошо.
And I also have a new pen.
Ручка.
A new pen.
Новая ручка.
Хорошо.
Well, I hope that everybody understands how this works.
Adjectives agree in number and gender with the nouns that they modify.
Well, we worked a lot with the adjective Новый.
But how about Old?
What's the Russian word for Old?
Старый.
Let's talk about old things.
And we'll take a look at this.
So the adjective is Старый.
Old.
So let's work with these nouns.
And see what we can do.
Дом.
So our first phrase should say an old house.
Старый дом.
You remember that "-ый is our masculine ending.
Старый дом.
Книга is which gender?
Feminine.
So what should we do with the adjective now?
Старая книга.
We have to put the "-ая ending on our adjective now
because this adjective agrees with книга in gender.
Feminine.
Старая книга.
Радио is which gender?
It's нюта.
So what should we change on the adjective?
We should change the ending.
And we change it to "-ое".
Старое радио.
We make it нюта.
We have to have perfect agreement here.
Нюта noun, нюта adjective.
And this word вещи means things.
It's a plural noun.
So what should we do with the adjective?
We should put the plural ending on it.
Старые вещи.
Old things.
Старые вещи.
Старый дом.
Masculine.
Старая книга.
Feminine.
Старое радио.
Нюта.
And старые вещи.
Plural.
So we know
И, АЯ, ОЯ, ИЯ.
Masculine.
Feminine.
Nuta.
Plural.
And you remember that adjectives agree with nouns in gender and number.
Ну, хорошо.
Хорошо.
I hope everybody is still with me.
So let's continue.
One more time let's take a look at that list of adjectives that we already know.
Новый.
Старый.
Хороший.
Плохой.
Детский.
Старый and Новый end in И.
But look at the endings on the other three adjectives.
Хороший.
Плохой.
Детский.
What's going on here?
Why do we have different endings on these adjectives?
And the reason is
sometimes adjectives carry basic endings
and sometimes they have what we call soft endings.
So let's take a look at soft adjective endings.
Хороший дом.
Хорошая книга.
Хорошее пальто.
Хорошие книги.
Notice that on the masculine phrase, on the neuter phrase and on the plural phrase
we have soft endings.
Хороший дом.
Хорошее пальто.
Хорошие книги.
When we talk about soft adjective endings
we only talk about masculine phrases, neuter phrases and plural phrases.
So again we need to write down our endings.
And we are working with the adjective Хороший this time.
Хороший дом.
And that's our soft ending for masculine adjectives.
Хорошее пальто.
Neuter.
And ЕЕ is our soft neuter ending.
And we can also talk about good books.
Хорошие книги.
And ИЕ is our soft plural ending.
Хороший дом.
Хорошее пальто.
Хорошие книги.
Masculine, neuter, plural.
But when do we use soft adjective endings?
Are you ready for the rule?
Let's take a look at this.
Masculine and plural adjectives receive soft endings after letters К, Г, Х, Ч, Ш, Щ.
Look at these examples.
Хороший журнал.
The letter Ш affects the ending and makes it soft.
Хороший журнал.
So after the letter Ш we can only use the soft ending.
Хороший журнал.
Хорошие книги.
Again the letter Ш affects the plural ending and makes it soft.
Хорошие книги.
So when we deal with masculine and plural adjectives
you have to put soft endings on them after the letters К, Г, Х, Ч, Ш, Щ.
Хорошо.
But you also remember that sometimes neuter adjectives receive soft endings.
So let's take a look at the rule for neuter adjectives.
Neuter adjectives receive soft endings after letters Ч, Ш, Щ.
So the rule is a little shorter for neuter adjectives.
Хорошее радио.
As you can see in this example the letter Ш affects the ending and makes it soft.
Хорошее радио.
A good radio.
Well this may seem to be a bit complicated but the more we work with the rules the easier will things become.
So let's practice.
I want you to take a look at this exercise and supply the missing endings.
Put the appropriate adjectival endings on these adjectives.
And remember, remember about the agreement in number and gender.
Ну, хорошо.
I hope that everybody is ready.
So let's go over the endings.
Итак, the first phrase is Хороший новый дом.
Новый carries the regular masculine ending
but on Хороший we have the soft ending because of the letter Ш.
The letter Ш affects the ending and makes it soft.
Хороший новый дом.
And both adjectives agree in gender with дом.
Хорошее новое пальто.
Пальто is which gender? Neuter.
So look at the ending on новое.
This is our regular neuter ending for adjectives.
But why do we have the е-е ending on хорошее?
That's right, it's because of this letter.
Хорошее новое пальто.
Neuter.
Let's continue.
And the third phrase should say Старая плохая рубашка.
What gender is this word? Feminine.
So both adjectives take feminine endings.
And the word вещи is plural.
So both adjectives have to receive plural endings.
Старое was the basic ending on it.
But why do we have the и-е ending on плохие?
Because of the letter Х.
Старые плохие вещи.
Ну, хорошо.
When you work with adjectives, you always have to have those rules right in front of your eyes.
And let me add another bit of information about adjectives.
Let's take a look at these two adjectives.
Большой. Плохой.
By the way, what does Большой mean? Does anybody know?
It means big.
Big. Huge.
Большой. Плохой.
Notice that the accent falls on the ending.
Большой. I emphasize this syllable.
Плохой. Again I put the emphasis on the last syllable, on the ending.
Ой is the accented masculine ending.
Большой. Плохой.
You put the accent here and you have to pronounce it with full force.
Ой. Большой. Плохой.
Now I think I've given you enough information for one lesson.
So you need to take your additional exercises and start working on those.
Also, this is what I need you to do at home as a follow-up on this class.
Take your textbook, find урок номер 7.
And on page 145, I want you to work on exercise 7.3b.
And you will be supplying the missing adjective endings.
On page 144, work on section 7.3 and review notes taken in class.
Большое спасибо. До свидания.
Thank you.