สรุปอารยธรรมจีน คลิปเดียวจบ| Point of View

So, that's all about Chinese Arithmetic. Hello, I'm Ploy Pew from Channel Ploy Pew. After we've been exploring many Arithmetic series, finally, we've come to Chinese Arithmetic. I can tell you that Chinese Arithmetic is very interesting. Because the Arithmetic that we've talked about in the past is the one that will mix and develop together and become the Western Arithmetic today, right? The original Arithmetic doesn't remain in a pure state. While the Chinese Arithmetic has existed for a long time and has been developed by the same group of people for thousands of years. And the modern Chinese people are almost the same people since that time. So, this is a very influential Arithmetic. Let's talk about what kind of evolution they have and what they've been through. If you're ready to hear a fun story, let's get started. First of all, as I said, Chinese Arithmetic has existed for a long time compared to other Arithmetic. So, today's video can't cover all the details of Chinese Arithmetic. But I'll try to summarize to show you the overall picture of Chinese Arithmetic. If you're interested in any part, I'll tell you about it in detail. Just like I've told you about the Leftist, the War of Independence, and so on. Alright, without wasting time, let's get started. Of course, Chinese Arithmetic has existed since ancient times until now. But as you know, China has a very large area. And each area has a different climate. There are seas, mountains, snow, sea, sand, and everything. Since it's so large and diverse, in the early period, it's not just one group of people living in the area. But it's composed of many groups of people. Such as Longshan Arithmetic, Hermutu Arithmetic, and so on. But the successful people who developed their own Arithmetic and became the mainstay of Chinese people until now are the Han people who live in Huanghou area. These people kept developing their own ideas, stories, and stories. Then, they became the leaders of the new generation. I've told you before about the history of Chinese people. Anyway, they believed that in the era of their development, they were called the Three Kings and Five Kings. Simply put, it's the same as any other Arithmetic. In the early period, they didn't separate the history from the legend. They considered the legend as their own history. But what separated the legend from the history was the founding of Huanghou River by a man named Tawei. The issue of the river has been a problem of Chinese people throughout the history. Especially in the early period of Huanghou, the river was flooded. So, it was hard to live there. When a man named Tawei built a dam, the river was not flooded. It was easy to farm and do other things. This was also affected by the politics. In the past, since they were a tribe, they were like I'll choose the best person to be the next leader. It doesn't matter who he is. But when Tawei rose up and did something outstanding, the way of choosing the leader changed. From choosing the right person, it turned out that since Tawei was so outstanding, his son had to be outstanding too. So, he chose the bloodsucker instead. The son of Tawei, who was the next leader, decided to establish a kingdom called Xie Kingdom. After that, China continued to use the system of exploiting the royal family. It lasted for a long time. This made us see an important pattern in Chinese Arithmetic. In the past, they were a tribe, right? They didn't need only one suitable person. They could share their heritage. For example, there were 10 monks and 5 children. You should take 2 monks. If you're brave enough, you can start a new tribe. You don't have to fight. It was a sharing of heritage. While the new system was about exploring the position and everything I had. So, there was only one person. We could see the power struggle between the suitable family. We could also see the power struggle between the suitable family. It was a power struggle between a single person. When the territory was getting bigger, a single person couldn't control it. China was a huge country. So, there had to be someone to control it. The queen supported the next ruler. Sometimes, the power was in the queen. So, the queen wanted to be the ruler. So, she took the power. The power struggle started in the Qing Dynasty. It ended the Qing Dynasty and the new Qing Dynasty was called the Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty was very old. We may not be familiar with it. The most famous thing in the Qing Dynasty that we can think of was the firecrackers. They burned the firecrackers and started to make firecrackers. The firecrackers were like this. The house was like this. On the firecrackers, there were Chinese inscriptions. We could see the development of Chinese inscriptions since then. In the Qing Dynasty, China was like a city-state. It was like a country like Greece. Everyone had their own style of governance. So, there were wars often. There were small groups and Han people. After a while, we could see this pattern in Chinese culture. They divided and unified. Of course, in the city-state, there must be a strong leader. His name was Zhou Wu. He was the leader of the city-state. He could rule other city-states and gain power. Then, he established the Zhou Dynasty. In the Zhou Dynasty, it was divided into the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. When we hear the Southern Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, it was mostly caused by the relocation of the capital. It might be because of the internal conflict or the rebellion or something like that. During the Zhou Dynasty, many scholars said this was the best period in Chinese history because it was the period when many ideas were used. For example, one of the most important ideas in Chinese culture was the idea of Orosawan. The word Orosawan started to appear in this era. In the past, they said he was the leader. He was just a leader because he was strong. He wanted to be the leader. But now, there's the idea of Orosawan. He said he was the one who was sent by heaven to protect them. He got the power from heaven. He had the duty to talk to heaven and give them the power so that they could live happily. He had to hold ceremonies and discuss with heaven. As we can see in the series, Hong Tae had to hold a ceremony to pay respect to heaven. It was a big ceremony where the nuns and the nuns-in-waiting had to fight each other. They had to go up and fight with Hong Tae. The point is the concept of Orosawan is not just giving and ending. It's a concept that you can give and take back. No one can talk to heaven. Therefore, in Chinese Buddhism, we can see when Hong Tae behaved inappropriately, or when someone accused him of behaving inappropriately, he would say that he had no right to be Orosawan and he behaved inappropriately. Therefore, I would like to kneel down and pay respect to him and establish a new kingdom or change the Orosawan. This is the first concept in the Zhou dynasty. The second concept that happened at that time is the concept of sharing good and bad. The Zhou dynasty wanted to fight against the city-states to gain power, right? They had to fight and fight with many people. Those who could win would share good and bad. These people would get their land and get their fortune. It's like a compensation for both sides. I give you my land and I give you my fortune and you give me your good fortune. However, giving land is a formality, right? Giving good fortune is a formality, everyone. Therefore, those who got their land started to accumulate their fortune by themselves. The first concept was that they wanted to claim that they were Orosawan and they wanted to be a new Orosawan. Something like that. In this way, the Zhou dynasty ended and moved on to the next dynasty. It was the era of Chunqiu and Zhangguo which lasted for more than 500 years. It started when the Western Zhou dynasty was conquered which was one of the sub-dynasties of the Zhou dynasty. They were defeated. Therefore, when the central government was almost gone, the people were like I can be the leader as well. You're a warlord like me and I'm a warlord like you. Everyone tried to be a leader and grow up. The country was in chaos and there was no peace at all. However, under the chaos, many important Chinese dignitaries emerged. There were many of them. We didn't know because they fled when the country was in chaos. So, we started to think about philosophy. Or maybe because the world trend was the Axial Age that I told you in the history of the world. Millions of years, everyone. It was the era when philosophers were all over the world. Therefore, in China, Hongzhi, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Sun Wuhan, Feizhi were all born in this era. This is the Thai accent. If we use the Chinese accent, it will be different. These people were very important because as we can see, the ideas that they had were still passed down to the Chinese people. Many people still stick to Hongzhi's words. Finally, after Hongzhi declared that this country was his own and almost a country. Finally, there was a leader of that country. He claimed his power and attacked other countries to gain power. That person was Qin Shi Huangti or Qin Shi Hongte from Qin. I can tell you that Qin Shi Hongte was not an ordinary person. In the past, no one was as powerful as Qin Shi Hongte or Emperor. In Qin Shi Hongte's time, he had a concept that he had to be the only king in heaven and he had to be the center of power. Everyone had to be under him all over the country. This led to the idea of the Chinese people that they had to have power on their own. When Qin Shi Hongte had this concept, it led to his effort to make people use the same things such as the same inscriptions or the same temple and so on. These were very important evidences that allowed China to form and unify all the time. The point is that Qin Shi Hongte controlled the country with the idea of the Jurchens. The Jurchens believed that people were evil. They had to use strict laws to keep people from being evil. So, when they thought like this, they forced everyone in the country to be evil. They also forced people to build land on the walls of their city-states so that they could become the biggest Chinese city in the future. This was because of Qin Shi Hongte's lack of power. However, his strict laws were also bad. When Qin Shi Hongte was in power, he was evil. But when his son came to power, he wasn't as evil as his father. So, his people couldn't stand him. They revolted against him. Finally, the country was changed by a man in Qin Shi Hongte's time. His name was Liu Bang. He founded the new country which was the Han Dynasty. In the Han Dynasty, the Jurchens realized that the Jurchens were too aggressive. They didn't want people to revolt. So, they changed the Jurchens to use the Jurchens' land instead. After the Han Dynasty, the Jurchens used the Jurchens for a long time. Today, when we say that we'll be loyal to our parents, we still use the Jurchens' land to this day. Another interesting thing about the Han Dynasty is that the Jurchens were able to communicate with the outside world without thinking of attacking them. For example, China was an empire and so was the Roman Empire. So, the two sides communicated and bought and sold each other. This led to the birth of the new Silk Road. The new Silk Road not only brought in goods, but also brought in many things. For example, it brought Buddhism from India to China. The concept of Buddhism in China was mixed with powder and many other things in the future. We'll talk about it later. Another interesting thing about the Han Dynasty is that one of the four most important things in China was born. It was the paper. Do you know that the paper that we use today was the greatest innovation that China would develop in the future. They would develop their currency system and make China leap forward. In addition, China's paper innovation spread to the Arab world and the Western world. So, this was a huge invention. Although it looks a bit messy, it also has internal power. So, during the Han Dynasty, the Western Han and the Eastern Han also moved from the old city of Chang to Luoyang. In the late period of the Han Dynasty, during the reign of Emperor Tianzong, Emperor Tianzong was the emperor. Do you know him? Yes. He was the emperor of the Three Kingdoms. He was the emperor of the Three Kingdoms, the Three Kingdoms, and the Three Kingdoms. As we've read about the Three Kingdoms, the Three Kingdoms have a long history. The Three Kingdoms is a true story in the history. However, the Three Kingdoms that we've read is a novel about the history of the Three Kingdoms. During the battle of the Three Kingdoms, there was a time when the other two kingdoms were about to lose. The Zumai family who were the advisors of the Three Kingdoms and not the people of the Three Kingdoms but the advisors had a son named Zumaian. Zumaian was the one who won and established the Jin Dynasty. However, the Jin Dynasty didn't last long and was defeated. So, the Jin Dynasty was divided again into two parts with the Yangtze River and the Yangtze River in the middle. It was called the Southern Kingdom because both groups had their own rulers and lived like this for hundreds of years until someone came to rule the land again and entered the Sui Dynasty. During the Sui Dynasty, there was a huge project which was the excavation between the Honghou River and the Yangtze River which were the two main rivers of the Jin Dynasty. The excavation led to a better civilization because the journey to the Sui Dynasty was easier and the trade was easier. In the Sui Dynasty, there were two important things. First, one of the four most important things in China was printing. It started because they wanted to publish the Buddhist medical records. Another thing was the census. In the past, if we look at other religions in the world, the people who came to rule mostly had a family or parents or something. But the census was based on the concept of whoever you are as a Chinese citizen, if you have knowledge and ability, you can come and rule the country. This concept was very popular. Can you imagine? Even though in the early period, there were only high-ranking people who could go to the city and take the test. At least, they had to check whether the people who came to work were high-ranking people or high-ranking people who had knowledge and ability. As we know, the census would stay with China for a long time and it would be the next government system of China. In addition, another thing that the census told us was that the concept of Chinese people was the main concept of China because the people who came to the government had to study Chinese people. So, they were Chinese people. In the late period, the People's Republic of China was forced to go to war with Korea and the People's Republic of China was defeated. The government system was abolished and a new system was established by the People's Republic of China. So, the People's Republic of China was established instead. In the period, the People's Republic of China was peaceful and it was the golden age of Chinese culture because they had a lot of time. In the period, there were many important things happened. One of them was that the Tathagata or the Buddha went to the Buddha's temple to worship the Buddha and then returned to the world. So, it was an important goal to build up the foundation of Buddhism in China. In the period of the People's Republic of China, it was probably the only period in Chinese history that a woman went to the Buddha's temple and became a nun. That was the Buddha. Actually, there's a little secret because some people said that the Buddha was the new king while some people said that he was just a monk and he was the next king. Anyway, the People's Republic of China was able to return from the Buddha's temple but the power of the People's Republic ended with a woman. Because in the end of the People's Republic of China, Emperor Suen Zhong was in love with a beautiful woman who was one of the four beautiful women in Chinese history. After he fell in love with her, he was deposed by the government of the People's Republic of China which was called Phang. The land under the Great Wall was destroyed once again in the period of the Five Kingdoms and the Ten Dynasties. It was a chaotic period where people wanted to rule the country as they wanted until the time when people had to gather again. I've told you many times but this time it was the People's Republic of China. In the period of the People's Republic of China, it was divided into the North and the South. In the period of the People's Republic of China, because people had learned that the rule would have problems and conflicts and it would be resolved again. So, in the period of the People's Republic of China, the government system was reformed very quickly. Every time there was a conflict, there were soldiers who felt they had too much power so they gathered their own weapons. Right? So, the People's Republic of China ordered to reduce the military power and increase the army. It made this period very chaotic and there were many developments. In the period of the People's Republic of China, the bigger the country was, the more developments there were. It was like the chaotic period of the People's Republic of China came back again. But the difference was that the knowledge in the period of the People's Republic of China was not limited as before. For example, the People's Republic of China was originally limited to people who were well-informed in the capital city. Now, during the People's Republic of China period, the people in the city or people living in the city could gather all the information they needed. The people we are familiar with like the people who wanted to rule the city and the people who were moving to the city for the People's Republic of China were the people who were well-informed. So, everything was scattered and now, there were many developments happening. So, there were the best 4 developments which made China very successful. such as pencil, pencil sharpener, paper, and printing. Actually, paper and printing have been made before, but in this era, they have been upgraded to make it better and more useful. And when they upgrade paper and printing, plus thinking about numbers like a child, what do you think will happen in this era? It's the use of currency, everyone. In the past, money around the world was made of silver, gold, and iron, right? In China, it was made of gold. When it's made of paper and printed, it's easy to carry. It's easy to exchange money wherever you go. It's just like what the Chinese used to do. So, the economy is flourishing. It's convenient for those who want to pay the rent. Anyway, even though it sounds good, do you remember that I told you that the Song Dynasty reduced the number of soldiers and increased the military power? That's why there was a problem. Because China was not a single country. At that time, there were a lot of small clans. When they reduced the number of soldiers, they couldn't fight against the small clans. The Song Dynasty solved the problem by moving the northern province to the south. From the northern province to the southern province, right? But did they survive? No, they didn't. In the end, they were defeated by the Mongolian clan. They were defeated by the Lai Khan clan. Then, a new dynasty was born. It was the Yuan Dynasty. The Mongols came to rule the land of China. It was the first time in history that other groups other than the Han Dynasty came to rule the land of China after the Han Dynasty formed since the beginning of the history. Anyway, the Chinese dynasty was not over yet. Although there were external influences like the Mongols came to attack, the Mongols were only good at governing the culture and arts. They couldn't fight against the Han Dynasty. Therefore, even if someone came to rule the land, the Mongols had to accept the culture and arts of the Han Dynasty and the governance system of the Han Dynasty. It was like changing the ruler. But everything was the same since the beginning. What was important in the Yuan Dynasty? There was an important event. The Eastern Khans came to China. They were the Makropulos who came from Italy. So, people started to see how the outside world was like. But nowadays, there's not much. Because the Yuan Dynasty was a Mongolian tribe. They felt that they liked to fight more than developing other areas. So, they focused on fighting. The next problem was since they were Mongolians, they had to investigate the leftist tribes. They could find the right people. They didn't have any relatives like the Han Dynasty. So, they had to fight in a suitable way. They fought for each other. Finally, when the Yuan Dynasty was at war, the soldiers were weak. Because they didn't have a break. When they were weak, they fought with the government. So, the Yuan Dynasty was destroyed. In that chaos, they gave a chance to Zhu Yuanjiang who was a nobleman. He was able to take over the power and establish a new dynasty. It was the Han Dynasty. It was called the Ming Dynasty. Because he was a nobleman, he was the one who was affected by the war policy of the previous dynasty. So, his policy was to help the noblemen to get the land from Hunan and return it to the noblemen. So, he established a capital in Nanjing. After that, the next dynasty during the Ming Dynasty was the one who moved the capital from Nanjing to Peking. Then, he established a new dynasty which was called Tongham. It's the one we visit today. During the Ming Dynasty, there was an important ceremony called the Three Kingdoms. The Three Kingdoms was born during the Three Kingdoms. However, during the Ming Dynasty, someone made up a story about the Three Kingdoms as a ceremony. Most importantly, during the Ming Dynasty, there was a person who traveled very far. It was Zheng He. He traveled all over the world to Africa and then brought Jirak back to China. In Thailand, we call Zheng He as Sampakong. Who has ever visited Sampakong? It's him. Due to the journey of Zheng He and the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, this dynasty had a lot of trade and new trade routes. The economy was quite good. It also gave the Westerners a chance to trade and spread Christianity. During the Ming Dynasty, they renovated the wall of China built by Qin Shi Huangte since that time until it looks like what we see today. Anyway, during the end of the Ming Dynasty, there was another chaos because there was an uprising and people were called to collect taxes from the government. People were dissatisfied and rebelled. While the Thai people were fighting, a group of people came in and attacked. That was the Manchu group. They established a new dynasty called the Qing Dynasty. It's similar to the Ming Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty didn't bring the Manchu culture. They adopted the method of conquering and revolutionizing the Han people. Except for one thing that the Manchu people were outstanding. They had a law to keep their long beards. That was the Manchu culture. The Qing Dynasty was severely affected by the outside influence. It was captured by the Qing Dynasty. It was the period when the Qing Dynasty sold its national tickets to the British and recruited the Finns to raise money to boost the economy of the Qing Dynasty. But there was chaos until the Finnish War and the Thai-Ping War because the people inside fought against each other. The outsiders wanted to fight with the people inside. It was chaotic. There were many details and I've told you about it. If you want to know about the Finnish War or the Thai-Ping War, you can check it out. Lastly, the most outstanding thing of the Qing Dynasty was the end of the Qing Dynasty. It was the period when the Suzi dynasty came to rule the Han people. There were many changes until the last emperor of China was a young man who was only 2 years old. His name was Puyi. Due to the decline of the Qing Dynasty combined with the development of other countries, there was the Chinese-Thai War. Dr. Sun Yat-sen changed the rule of China. He changed the rule of China before another group which was Mao Zedong changed the rule of China and became a long communist until today. I've told you about it but I won't go into details because it was the end of the Chinese Dynasty and the end of the Qing Dynasty that we've been talking about. After listening to the Chinese Dynasty for a long time, you'll see that there were patterns that were separated, combined, separated, and then combined. Anyway, throughout the history, we can see that the Chinese Dynasty had its own concept and gradually developed until their culture and morality were firmly embedded in their pattern. Even though there were external influences, they didn't influence the Chinese Dynasty that much. They received a little bit from the West and here and there. But their core remained the same. Although other groups came to rule the Han people, they took their identity and covered it up so that other people almost disappeared. This is the highlight of the Chinese Dynasty that we're talking about today. It's a long story. If you like this video, don't forget to like, share, and subscribe to my channel. See you next time. Bye-bye. Sawasdee ka. The pan. Manchu is fighting with King Ming. You don't have to fight with toys under the camera. Do you understand? Hmm? Hmm? The pan. Can you listen to me calmly? Tell the audience how hard this video is to record because I'll call you out and take you to the bathroom. In this situation, I have to wear this costume and take you to the bathroom in front of my house. And you have to play with toys and touch toys all around. It's so normal. Except when I'm recording, I suddenly want to touch this and that. Hmm? Hmm? Tell them how hard this video is to record. Bye-bye, everyone. Bye-bye. Sawasdee krub.