Làm Thế Nào Để Trở Thành Một Phi Hành Gia | Khám Phá Vũ Trụ Mới Nhất

The universe is a mysterious and interesting world, but also full of danger. So, to get into the universe, astronauts have to go through a very complicated selection and training process. But if you say it, I'm sure you'll be surprised. NASA, the number one astronaut training center in the United States, is pushing hard to find potential candidates for a new generation of young, passionate astronauts ready to take on missions to bring people to the moon, Mars, and possibly even further planets. We are often familiar with the image of astronauts working out of space. However, there is a truth that few people pay attention to. Most of their time in their careers is spent on training and missions on Earth. What is the life of astronauts on a spaceship really like? For normal people, they can only see astronauts through a TV screen. It is very difficult to know, contact, or learn about the everyday life of an astronaut, even before and during their mission to conquer the universe. In fact, each astronaut has undergone a strict technical and psychological training process. In conclusion, flying into space is not normal. If you leave Earth in space, you will lose your precious life if you are not careful. To be able to perform space missions is not simple. And if you have ever dreamed of becoming an astronaut, you also know that it is not a one-way street. It takes many years of training and ground missions for someone to have enough experience for a space mission. Many of them can't fly even once, and always break their dreams. The ratio of astronauts who go through training to become real astronauts is very small. So how difficult is it to become an astronaut? Next, we will introduce how NASA selects astronauts for their missions. 1. Selecting astronauts The first step to becoming an astronaut is that you must be trained to have experience in the relevant fields. Astronauts are divided into two types, military and civilian. Military astronauts will file applications at their work unit. Each unit will have its own process. Meanwhile, civilian astronauts fill out direct documents for NASA. In terms of education, NASA wants their astronauts to have at least one technical, biological, physical or mathematical certificate. Some other exceptions can be accepted, such as geography or aviation management. Many of NASA's astronauts have a doctorate. Some have done research after a doctorate in their field. In terms of working experience, 3 years is the minimum number that NASA asks its staff to work in a relevant field. A military astronaut is preferred for experience. Meanwhile, if it is a jet pilot, they have to fly at least 1,000 hours. Those who have a doctorate or a doctorate are asked to reduce the number of years of experience. 2. Health check for astronauts Next in the file is the health check. These are the minimum requirements. 20-20 vision, natural or binocular. No more than 140-90 in sitting position. Height between 1.6-1.9 meters. The final purpose of the health check is to evaluate whether you have the best physical fitness for emergencies such as returning to Earth or rescue in orbit. In addition to the physical fitness test, there will be a psychological test by interview. The staff must have both physical and psychological stability to be selected. NASA also wants to explore flexible staff with good teamwork skills and, importantly, a passion for exploring and learning. 3. Flight path Passing the selection round does not mean that you are ready to become a pilot. The road to the first flight is very challenging. You will be trained for at least 2 years. The training key will equip you with basic knowledge of ISS and space travel. The skills include professional diving, survival skills, swimming. You will be exposed to high and low atmospheric pressure. Participate in non-gravity exercises. In addition, there are communication training, Russian and some other subjects. Even after graduation, many students have not been able to take their first flight in many years. They have to continue to practice with non-gravity missions. Walking trips imitated in NASA's lab. The first blood transfusion experiences will be formed during this time. Future pilots will be sent to specialized facilities to form their own skills. For example, a science with a Canadian partner just to control a robotic arm in space. In addition, during the training process, they must maintain a certain flight time with T-38 aircraft every month. 4. Underwater exercises at NASA's training center It usually takes a few years to wait for the first flight. They will have to read all the manuals of the actual equipment. Use them in the simulation. These training keys take place all over the world. They have to practice their skills in coordination with their team. NASA uses computers and real-world spaces to set up fake flights. Future pilots must prepare meals, pack their stuff, move them in space, manage cargo, use cameras, and test their expertise. As I said, it takes a few years to get to the first flight. If a student completes the training key well and imitates it, he will fly. In addition, the expertise factor does not stop. International Space Station flights last an average of 6 months. Some others last up to a year. Most of the time, pilots spend on science missions. Therefore, they also need to have a great passion for science in this special environment. However, these are just the initial selection requirements. Those who pass may continue to be trained and trained more to meet the work requirements over a long period of time. As you can see, the environment in space is very different. Therefore, pilots always go through many selection and training classes. They have to go through a series of physical tests and physical tests. One of those is the special requirements for appearance, such as nails. Although science and technology have helped people get over this step, in the past, all pilots were forced to pull their nails before they actually went into space. Some people think that this rule was set because of the pressure in space, which is different from the pressure of the Earth, so the nails of the pilots may not be able to withstand the pressure during the growth process. At the same time, blood cannot stop the operation because of this. Therefore, all nails are removed. In addition, some others believe that because they are forced to live in outer space for a long time, their nails will grow longer. If the nails grow too fast, it affects the costumes and equipment. They are forced to cut less nails. The cut nails will also be easy to fly around, which may affect the equipment in the spacecraft. We all know that all operations in space need to be calculated to ensure absolute accuracy. If the nails fly around and fall into the equipment, they can cause friction, worse than damage, and lead to serious consequences. Therefore, the pilots will pull all their nails before they go into space. About this problem, scientists give explanations around the following reasons. First, to ensure maximum life and health, the pilots will have to undergo a series of air pressure tests before flying into the sky. This is the environment they can withstand. Second, even if the nails fall directly, they will still grow. Some pilots need to work in space for more than a year. If they have to worry that the operation of the spacecraft will be affected by the problem of nails, it will affect their work. Moreover, space exploration is very serious, and cannot be done in many places. At the same time, the safety of the pilots must also be considered. Because the environment in space is very different from Earth. Not only nails, but also hair grows fast in that environment. If the nails grow very fast in space, under the pressure of the air, the nails will fall out, and this also causes a lot of damage to the pilots. As a result, the cut nails can become space debris, and cannot be handled well at that time. They move freely in a vacuum environment, can easily get into the important devices of the spacecraft, and can cause the device to be damaged. Sometimes, an accident caused by a nail can also become a major accident. In a serious case, it will even put the lives of the pilots at risk. So, the first thing to do is to stop the development too fast. That's why the pilots eventually pulled out their nails. Fortunately, with the development of science and technology, space travelers now have a new way of handling their nails, no longer forced to cut off their nails, and not as harsh as originally requested. Pilots are always admired for their space-oriented work, but behind that halo, they are also ordinary people like us, also have needs such as food, sleep, and hygiene. However, due to their work preferences and special workplaces, the way they solve these needs is also different. Pilots can see up to 16 times the sun in a day. The sun is bright and cold every 90 minutes in the low orbit of the Earth. This makes it very difficult for astronauts to get a good night's sleep because their daily and night schedules are changed. To meet this requirement, ISS has established a new time zone for astronauts based on Earth time. The clock for spacecrafts is set to GMT time to help astronauts meet this new time zone. The travel control station sends alerts to carry out missions. These are usually music sheets requested by passengers or family members. In addition, they are also hit by a system of alarms on the spacecraft. You will fly faster. Higher, but also have more back and nerve diseases. Not affected by gravity like on Earth, your lifespan will expand and help you fly faster, usually from 5 to 8 cm. However, increasing your height also brings you some troubles, such as back pain or nerve pain. You will sneeze less when you sleep. Non-gravity makes astronauts sneeze less. A study in 2001 proved that astronauts sneeze when sleeping on Earth, but will be quiet when sleeping on a spacecraft. The reason is that gravity plays the role of deciding breathing, slow breathing and sneezing. Although it is still possible that you sneeze when sleeping in space, according to some NASA records. However, the influence of gravity reduces sneezing when sleeping. You have to add water and some food. Salt and pepper must be transformed into solvents. In space, salt and pepper can only be in solvents because astronauts can't throw them on food. In a state of not growing, but not dissolving, the above spices can be dangerous because they block airways, damage equipment and can stick to the eyes, mouth, nose of astronauts. Most astronauts meet the space crew. Nausea, headache, poor concentration are common diseases in astronauts. Due to the environment is not spacious, the signs of the previous system and the pressure organs are often lost naturally. This leads to confusion, loss of direction. Many astronauts often suddenly feel that they are upside down or feel difficult when they feel the position of their arms and legs. The above confusion is the cause of space nausea. An astronaut described in a humorous way the above nausea as an interesting spice, causing a headache and poor concentration or nausea. These symptoms will disappear after a few days when astronauts feel nauseous on the ground. Difficult when returning to Earth Scientists often forget that we are no longer in the space of the spaceship. When astronauts return to Earth, their reintegration is as difficult as when they enter space for the first time. This stage sometimes takes a lot of time. According to the Russian Space Center, months after landing, astronauts still occasionally leave some hooks or objects in the air and then let go of it. The result is not like on a spaceship. Those objects are broken, not loose. Spaceship launch Spaceship launch can cause your eyes to be blinded by the galaxy. Traveling in space, astronauts are seen scenes that humans have never seen before. It can be a spectacular scene of the green light of the Earth opposite the blackness of space or the invisible face of the Moon. They also see all the lights inside their universe. Astronauts at Skylab, Shuttle, Merck and ISS space stations report seeing those lights. Those experiences are the space launch through their eyes like atomic bombs. When the bomb hits the face, it creates a false signal that makes the brain act like a ray of light. In fact, the above experience is not good for the eyes at all. At least 39 astronauts were hit by a meteor Using a towel to take a shower Each astronaut has their own personal toilet. Only Skylab and Merck space stations have bath bombs. Most astronauts have to use a towel with a bath towel or a warm towel. This helps reduce the amount of water consumed. Each person has their own toilet, including a toothbrush, toothpaste, toothbrush, toothbrush and other basic toiletries. Astronauts' clothes weigh nearly 130 kilograms and take 40 minutes to wear. Astronauts can't rush to wear their clothes and run to work like us. Exercise every day In an unhealthy environment, the heart has to work hard to transfer blood to the body. The result is that the heart will beat slower and weaker. Therefore, astronauts have to exercise every day to keep the heart healthy. Talk on the radio You can shout into space without anyone hearing. Sound cannot be transmitted in space due to the lack of air. Astronauts have to communicate with each other via radio. Astronauts are both familiar and mysterious to ordinary people. Before officially performing missions in the sky, they had to perform many extremely strict rules. How do astronauts sleep in space? Have you ever wondered how astronauts sleep and in what conditions? The surprising thing is that you are not the only one who wonders about this issue. Even the first-time astronauts have never been trained on how to sleep or how to sleep while wandering on Earth. Clayton C. Anderson, an American astronaut, shared that astronauts are not allowed to undergo any training to guide how to sleep in a spaceship. Everything they know is based on experience from previous flights. Stockholm, the captain of the STS-117 spacecraft, has given water to the new recruits, so they should take a good book and keep quiet to be able to sleep when they fly into space. Clayton also shared about TESS, his sleeping bed at the International Space Station. TESS is the predecessor of the current fixed beds on the ISS. TESS is a temporary bed, quite small, with a quiet space, but dark and cold. It's a good place to sleep, so you don't get out of bed in the middle of the night. Astronauts usually use a sleeping bag made in Russia to keep the four corners fixed. The sleeping bag is very light and just enough to keep the astronauts warm. However, the temperature on the ISS is quite low, so astronauts still have to wear a sleeping mask, sleepwear and wear long sleeves when they sleep in the sleeping bag. Clayton said he always splits his sleeping time and the use of computers, because he understands the damage of these devices if they are kept in bed. Therefore, he only uses computers in the working area and turns off all the lights before going to sleep. Of course, after completing all other personal tasks, such as going to the bathroom and brushing his teeth, he changes and goes into the sleeping bag, keeping the sleeping bag facing the ceiling. This is considered an ideal sleeping position because it allows the oxygen to flow down, making breathing easier. Clayton also doesn't forget to close his ears and hold a book to read until his eyes close. Clayton describes the sleeping state as follows. When your eyes close, your body will feel relaxed and relaxed. Your hands will gradually move away from the book. Interestingly, in a vacuum environment, you will not bump your head and shake yourself when you are dreaming. And when you wake up, you will see that the book is still floating right where you just let go. To avoid losing sleep at night, Clayton never sleeps in the afternoon or sleeps a short nap in the morning. If he is sleepy while working, he will find something to relax and regain energy. This is always effective in cutting his sleepiness. Experiments and watches will measure light, darkness and motion, providing important information for researchers about what happens in sleep and the level of deep sleep of astronauts. Data collected during the 152-day flight at the Space Station show Clayton has an average sleep time of 7 hours and 20 minutes, more than his normal sleep time on Earth. Smart watches also allow researchers to know when Clayton wakes up and when he sleeps deeply. Clayton sleeps deeply and begins to dream.