Нам кажется, что научно-технический прогресс движется поступательно, от простого к сложному. Ну что ж, давайте взглянем на эти уникальные изобретения. Начнём с поистине фантастической машины. Её стоит показать хотя бы из-за ее потрясающего внешнего вида — она словно выскользнула в наш мир прямиком из игр, где правят стимпанк и дизельпанк. Но она действительно была именно такой — с паровой и дизельной силовыми установками. А кроме этих агрегатов в конструкции машины присутствовала кажущаяся нереальной в начале прошлого века электрическая трансмиссия. История этого аппарата такова.
В 1889 году пожарная служба города Нью-Йорка получила в свое распоряжение уникальный механизм — паровой насос, да не обычный, а поистине гигантский. Это обуславливалось тем, что город начал расти вверх, появились первые «небоскребы», на верхних этажах которых тоже случались пожары. Ручные насосы не справлялись — напор воды требовался нешуточный. Не помогали и маломощные паровые насосы.
Новый насос решал задачу доставки воды к месту возгорания. Но вот на чем доставлять сам насос к местам пожаров, если учесть, что весил он девять тонн? Восемь тяжеловозов, запряженных в специальную тележку с трудом, но справлялись, а вот развернуться с такой упряжкой удавалось не всегда.
Американские инженеры предложили выход: использовать паровую машину насоса как движитель. За приличную, по тем временам, сумму (семь тысяч долларов) был сконструирован настоящий «монстр» - самоходный паровой автомобиль-насос. И он был хорош: ездил быстро, довозил насос куда нужно, и всего одно "НО" было у этого механизма…
Как бы быстро не ехал паромобиль, до его «старта» проходило довольно много времени: паровая машина требовала определенного давления для начала работы, а котел грелся не мгновенно. Получается, что присказка “спешить как на пожар” в этом случае была чёрным юмором.
И вот, в 1908 году Нью-Йоркский паровой насос получает «глобальный апгрейд» - для оперативности, в конструкцию устанавливают бензиновый двигатель внутреннего сгорания. Причем не просто устанавливают, а в «симбиозе» с имеющимся паровым. Поскольку паровой котел «интегрирован» в привод задних колес, переделывать его сложно, и бензиновый использует... передний привод!
Но и это не все: было принято еще одно фантастическое нововведение — электротрансмиссия. Она решала трудности с размещением сцепления и коробки передач, сконструировать и разместить которые в выделенном пространстве не удавалось. Двигатель (имевший шесть цилиндров) использовался для того, чтобы крутить генератор, а тот передавал ток на электродвигатели привода передних колес.
Получилась уникальная конструкция, а если принять во внимание, что паропривод тоже иногда мог включаться в работу, превращая паро-бензо-электро-насос в полноприводный аппарат, то машина была абсолютно фантастическая!
По слухам машина, проработав много лет, все же была списана и продана в частную коллекцию какому-то счастливчику.
А вот отечественная разработка. Правда, реализованная в Англии. Фантастический двухколесный гироавтомобиль графа ШилОвского. Коротко мы уже показывали его в одном из наших видео, но сейчас добавим деталей, о которых мало кто знает. В 1914 году в Лондоне был показан весьма занимательный автомобиль – он был рассчитан на четырех человек, под капотом – набирающий популярность бензиновый ДВС, а вот колес под машиной было всего два. Располагались они как у велосипеда, но устройство не падало даже, стоя на месте и при движении малым ходом!
Изготовил замечательный механизм русский изобретатель, граф Петр Петрович Шиловский. Между прочим, бывший губернатором Костромы. Особого секрета из своего устройства Шиловский не делал: равновесие его автомобилю обеспечивал раскрученный маховик, создававший эффект гироскопа.
При общем весе автомобиля около 2750 кг, маховик был изготовлен из металла толщиной 12 см и диаметром в метр. Пара пятидесятикилограммовых маятников помогало избежать «перекосов». Раскручивал маятник специальный электромотор, питавшийся от основного двигателя.
Интересно, что первоначально Шиловский предлагал свое изобретение на родине, но был крайне разочарован реакцией властей. Тогда он предложил концепцию своего устройства автозаводу Уолсли Моторс в 1912 году, получил согласие и спустя два года продемонстрировал автомобиль публике.
It seems to us that scientific and technical progress is moving gradually, from simple to difficult.
Well, let's take a look at these unique inventions.
Let's start with the truly fantastic car.
It should be shown at least because of its stunning appearance.
It seemed to have slipped into our world straight from the games where steampunk and dieselpunk rule.
But it really was just like that, with a steam and diesel power plants.
And in addition to these units, the car was equipped with an electric transmission, which seemed unreal at the beginning of the last century.
The story of this device is as follows.
In 1889, the New York City Fire Department received a unique mechanism at its disposal.
A steam pump. Yes, not an ordinary one, but a truly gigantic one.
This was due to the fact that the city began to grow upward.
The first skyscrapers appeared, on the upper floors of which there were also fires.
Manual pumps could not cope, the pressure of water was not joke.
Low-power steam pumps did not help either.
The new pump solved the problem of delivering water to the place of combustion.
But what to deliver the pump itself to the places of fires, given that it weighed 9 tons?
Eight truckers, strapped to a special cart, could hardly cope.
But it was not always possible to turn around with such a burden.
American engineers proposed a way out.
Use the steam machine of the pump as an engine.
At that time, the average amount of $ 7,000 was designed by a real monster.
A self-propelled steam car pump.
And it was good. It drove fast, delivered the pump where it was needed.
And this mechanism had only one flaw.
No matter how fast the car was driving, it took a long time before it started.
The steam engine required a certain pressure to start working, and the boiler heated instantly.
It turns out that the saying,
in this case, was a black humor.
And in 1908, the New York steam pump received a global upgrade.
For efficiency, a gasoline engine of internal combustion was installed in the design.
And not just installed, but in symbiosis with the existing steam engine.
Since the steam boiler is integrated into the rear-wheel drive,
it is difficult to remake it, and the front-wheel drive is used.
But that's not all.
Another fantastic innovation was adopted.
Electric transmission.
It solved the difficulties with the placement of the clutch and gearbox.
It was not possible to design and place them in the allocated space.
The engine, which had six cylinders, was used to rotate the generator,
and it transmitted the current to the electric motors of the front wheels.
It turned out to be a unique design.
And if you take into account that the steam engine could also sometimes turn on,
turning the steam-gasoline-electric pump into a four-wheel drive machine,
then the car was absolutely fantastic.
According to rumors, the car, having worked for many years,
was written off and sold to a private collection to some lucky man.
And here is a domestic development,
however, realized in England.
A fantastic two-wheeled Giro car of Count Oshilovsky.
We have already shown it briefly in one of our videos,
but now we will add details that few people know about.
In 1914, a very interesting car was shown in London.
It was designed for four people.
Under the hood, a gasoline car was gaining popularity,
but there were only two wheels under the car.
They were located like a bicycle,
but the device did not fall even when standing still and moving at low speed.
A wonderful mechanism was made by the Russian inventor Count Pyotr Petrovich Shilovsky,
who, by the way, was a former governor of Kostroma.
Shilovsky did not make any special secrets from his device.
The balance of his car was provided by a twisted flywheel,
which created the effect of a gyroscope.
With a total weight of about 2750 kg,
the flywheel was made of metal with a thickness of 12 cm and a diameter of 1 m.
A pair of 50 kg pendulums helped to avoid distortions.
The pendulum spun a special electric motor powered by the main engine.
It is interesting that initially Shilovsky proposed his invention at home,
but was extremely disappointed with the reaction of the authorities.
Then he proposed the concept of his device to the Walsley Motors car factory.
In 1912, he received approval and two years later demonstrated the car to the public.
No matter how surprised people were, no matter how hard they tried to overturn or swing the device,
the car did not show a tendency to overturn.
Having become bolder, people began to try to drive a car, change places on the go.
The car showed miracles of stability and reliability.
The inventor patented his mechanism in England and Russia,
but the world's first, and then the October Revolution,
put an end to Shilovsky's plans for the production of his cars.
The count left for Russia, where the Soviet authorities initially took him wonderfully.
He even allocated funds for the development of a steam locomotive with the same device as a car.
But then the count still had to go back to England,
where he died in poverty after the Second World War.
The first working car was buried underground to prevent destruction during military operations.
In 1938, the unique car was excavated, restored,
and stood for 10 years as an exhibit in the Walsley factory museum.
And then it was recognized as priceless and thrown on the metal.
Pyotr Petrovich Shilovsky also developed a lot of other interesting inventions.
He knew how to use a gyroscope for airplanes.
It was called an aeroscope.
It was installed, for example, on the super-heavy Ilya Muromets,
and also a mechanism for stabilizing ships' guns.
But it was given to the English again, as it did not interest the people there.
By the way, the flywheel of the Soviet era, the inventor Nurbey Gulya,
was used as an energy accumulator.
It is easy to accumulate and give energy in such a system.
Acceleration, charge, stop, output of power.
The narrow place of such a system is the energy capacity.
It can be increased by using modern composite materials.
This promising direction is now being developed in many countries.
If the topic is interesting, let us know with a like and a comment under the video.
We will talk about it in the next episodes.
In the meantime, let's move on and take a small step towards the automotive theme.
What do you think about the colored fax,
which was invented and mass-produced 150 years ago?
In the mid-19th century, the transmission of images at a distance
seemed to be the pinnacle of scientific thought.
The first fax can be recognized by the device of the Scottish Alexander Bein,
made and patented by him in 1843.
But his telegraph apparatus, which transmitted images, did not find an application.
More than 10 years passed before Abad, Giovanni and Cazelli
again tried to demonstrate such a device.
Pantelegraph.
It happened in 1855 in Florence.
Here is a sample and a copy of the image obtained using a Pantelegraph.
It must be said that each device also worked for reception and transmission.
The device was able to change the length of the drawing feathers,
increase and decrease the scale of the drawing,
and the advanced device could even transmit up to four different colors in the drawing.
The replica of the Pantelegraph can be seen in the Milan Museum of Science and Technology.
Ten years later, in 1865, four Cazelli devices worked on two lines,
Paris-Lyon and Paris-Gavre.
By the way, the cost of one was about 100,000 francs.
Nevertheless, it was so fantastically new,
that almost all of Europe bought new devices,
and even in Russia there was one line of Pantelegraph.
Of course, Moscow-St. Petersburg.
Moreover, it was possible to buy 20 such devices,
but Morse and his devices were simpler, cheaper and faster.
The struggle was lost even before it really began,
and the next attempt to manufacture the device took place in the 20th century.
But let's get back to the car.
We will look at the electric car of Nikola Tesla.
What is it? An experiment that did not take place?
Or a breakthrough that did not happen?
The biographer of the great Nikola Tesla is very reluctant to write about it,
although there are many witnesses, newspapers and even documents confirming that in 1931
the genius of mechanics and electronics re-equipped an ordinary car with a DVS,
turning it into a very efficient electric car.
It should be noted that this was not the first car equipped with an electric motor.
Electric cars were made before, but the fashion for them quickly passed.
Petrol engines were more powerful, with smaller dimensions.
After all, it was not necessary to install heavy batteries.
In addition, oil producers encouraged the promotion of internal combustion engines.
Nevertheless, soon on the streets of New York,
an ordinary Pearse Arrow car appeared.
Just looking under the hood, anyone would be surprised.
Instead of an ordinary engine, there was an electric one,
developing 1800 rpm and a power of 80 horsepower.
It was a very solid unit.
About a meter in length and 80 centimeters in diameter.
No power supplies were noticeable.
The power supply was assembled by Tesla in the hotel room with a manual,
from the radio parts purchased in the same store.
It is known for sure about wires, resistors and 12 radio tubes.
The source was placed in an ordinary wooden box 60 by 30 by 15 centimeters,
with a pair of steel rods protruding outward, about 8 centimeters long.
Extremely worried about the safety of the mystery of his invention,
Tesla assembled everything alone.
When everything was ready, Nikola got into the cabin,
fastened the box behind the driver's seat,
connected the wires and said the phrase
that got into the newspaper on the front page.
Now we have energy.
And then Tesla pressed the accelerator and the car drove.
For a whole week, this car raced along the streets of New York,
sometimes developing a speed of about 150 km per hour.
Of course, the newspapers besieged the inventor with questions.
The most popular was, where did the energy come from?
Tesla smiled, pointed out the sides and replied that directly from the air.
The mystery of the electric car collided with the death of the ingenious inventor,
and hypotheses are still being raised.
What did Tesla show in 1931?
The electric car is said to be alone,
and the energy was supplied from one of Tesla's high-frequency generators.
Others claim that this is a Tesla-developed,
without a blade turbine, gas or gasoline.
There is a hypothesis about the use of Tesla
and the magnetic resonance of the Earth,
and even a hypothesis that this experiment actually did not exist.
The allegorical symbol of this case can be black lamps.
If you don't have any ideas, why do you need them?
Look in the comments, and that's all for today.
See you in the next issues on our channel.
Bye!
