ヘロデ朝の滅亡　最後のユダヤ王国

The title is Mujou, the corner of the world history of destruction. Destruction, sadness, very sad. This time, it's about the destruction of Herode City, where Jesus was born and raised, and it's finally here. Once upon a time, there was a Jewish country, the Hasmonean Jewish Kingdom. This country is a country where Jews who were freed from Babylonian captivity were able to become independent from one of the Diadochi, the Seleucus. The Seleucus is one of the countries that was able to separate from Alexander the Great's empire. The Seleucus was eventually destroyed by the Roman genius general Pompeius. And this Pompeius also occupied Jerusalem, the capital of the Jewish kingdom of the Hasmoneans. Hasmoneans were destroyed? It's a little complicated around there. In fact, it was destroyed, but the Hasmoneans were mostly expelled, but the Great Diocese remained. Did the Great Diocese have a lot of people in the first place? It is common in ancient society that monarchs have a religious top. It's a serious politics. However, among the Jews, there were those who were rebellious against the Hasmoneans. The Parthians were the most violent. It's the people who were criticized by Jesus. In general, the destruction of the Hasmoneans is said to be 37 BC. It's the story of Pompeius after he died. To put it quite simply, Rome crushed the rebellious Hasmoneans and tried to catch the obedient Herod. This is the beginning of Herod's dynasty. It hasn't changed in the past. The United States has a lot of parts that are similar to ancient Rome. The founder of Herod's dynasty is called Herod the Great. Is it the Great King? Is it the Great King? Herod the Great was not a Jew, but an Edomite. Is the person who is not a Jew the king of the Jews? That will naturally create a great pressure. Herod's father Antipater was a powerful general of the Hasmoneans. And by approaching Rome, he improved his position. There are a lot of similar stories in modern times. It may be common for someone from the back of a superpower to hold a sword. However, at this time, Rome was literally a period of civil war. Those who had a sword changed in a short cycle, and Antipater swam well in it. If you think Caesar won Pompeius, Caesar will be assassinated. Antipater was originally a Caesar fanatic, but when Caesar was assassinated, he sided with the assassins. I don't have a scepter. Antipater's parents were the ones who survived the massacre and held the sword. In 44 BC, Antipater was killed by the Jews. Was he killed? In Herod, he joined forces with Anipateros. He married Mariamne, the daughter of the Hasmoneans, and made her position a certain one. On the other hand, in the 4th century BC, the war between Caesar's assassins and Caesar's successors began. Did Herod also side with Caesar's assassins like his father? But when Caesar's successors won the battle of Philippi, Herod took Antonyus. For more information, please watch the battle of Philippi. On the other hand, Antigonus of the Hasmoneans joined forces with Parthians of the East. Both forces were at war, and Herod's Anipateros was captured, and Herod was also exiled to Rome. There was a conflict between Rome and Parthia. On the other hand, when Antigonus was crowned king by Parthia, the Roman Council tried to leave Herod. In the background of the Roman military power, Herod attacked Jerusalem and captured it in 37 BC. Antigonus was captured, and the Hasmoneans were destroyed, and the Kingdom of Judea began in Herod. For more information, please watch the destruction of the Kingdom of Judea. A few years later, Antonyus was defeated in the Battle of Actium. Then Herod approached Octavianus, the victor of Actium. The reign of Herod the Great lasted 33 years. There are two things to note in it. One is the great remodeling of the great temple. According to the Old Testament, Solomon, once the king of ancient Israel, built a great temple in Jerusalem. For more information, please watch the King Solomon. The temple of Solomon was destroyed, but the Jews who were freed from Babylonia returned to Jerusalem and built the second temple. Herod the Great did a great remodeling of the second temple. I don't know the exact reason. But it is speculated that it was to suppress the dissatisfaction of the Jewish mainstream. Is the mainstream a Parasite? Probably. It seems that there were other Parasites at this time, such as the Sadocites and the Essenes, but the Jewish force had a very great power. That power was beyond the king's sword, so to speak. So Herod was trying to get a balance by remodeling the temple. Herod's reform actually took a long time. It seems to have been excellent as a Parasite. However, Herod the Great became a historical villain. The reason is in the second special event. It's the birth of Jesus. According to the New Testament, which is the sacred text of Christianity, the Parasites are the ones who are responsible for the destruction of Jerusalem. The Parasites are the ones who are responsible for the destruction of Jerusalem. According to the New Testament, which is the sacred text of Christianity, Jesus, who is called Christ, was born during the reign of Herod the Great. We don't know the exact year of birth of Jesus, but it is stated that it was 4 BC or 7 BC. It's before Jesus was born, so it's before Christ. According to the New Testament, when Jesus was born, Herod killed the children under the age of two around Bethlehem. That's terrible. This event is only recorded in the Old Testament, but whether this event is a historical fact has been debated for a long time. That's a big deal. The history of the Bible is one of the biggest problems in world history. While there is a long debate about the history of the Bible, the world history treats part of the contents of the Bible as a historical fact. So is it a fact? It is not known whether it is a fact. I have to say that. It should be noted that Herod died 4 BC, so the birth of Jesus is before that. I thought the birth of Jesus was 1 BC. And that's also part of the historical fact of the writing of the New Testament. It is because it is written in the New Testament that Jesus was born in the time of Herod the Great. Let's touch on the family of Herod the Great around here. Herod killed one of the people of the Hasmonean family. Even his wife and children were no exception. Do you say that Herod the Great killed his own wife and children? Herod had a large number of wives and children, and after his death, his three sons divided the land. Among them, Herod Arkelaus captured Judea and Samaria, but Augustus, who was called the first Roman emperor, judged that he had no ruling power, and exiled Arkelaus. What happens to the territory? It became the direct domain of Rome. On the other hand, Herod Philippus occupied Batanea and Gaulanitis, and dominated their lands until 34 BC. And the third Herod Antipas occupied Galilee, etc. Galilee is where Jesus was active, right? It is said that it was this Herod Antipas who executed John the Baptist. John the Baptist was the one who ordained Jesus. The reign of Herod Antipas is said to be 39 BC. It is also believed that Jesus was executed in this era. Herod Antipas executed John the Baptist, but wasn't it Herod Antipas who executed Jesus? It was ancient Rome that executed Jesus. There were three powers in the land of Palestine at this time. It is the Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Judea in Herod, and the Holy Spirit. In Jerusalem, there is a Holy Spirit called the Council of Elders, and it seems that Rome had recognized a certain degree of judicial power. However, it seems that there was no authority for the judgment that accompanied the execution. It was the Holy Spirit that wanted to execute Jesus, but it was Rome that actually executed him. But at this time, Herod was... As mentioned earlier, Herod Arkelaus was exiled, and in the 6th year of his reign, the Roman Kingdom of Judea was established. The execution of Jesus was carried out within the Kingdom of Judea. It's because it happened in the jurisdiction of Rome that Herod didn't get involved. Herod Antipas had a wife named Herodia. This woman was originally a child between Herod the Great and Mariamne, that is, she was married to Herod Antipas' stepmother. In other words, she married her brother's wife. The reason why John the Baptist was executed was because he was criticized for it. And Herod's brother was Agrippa. Agrippa is a very Roman name. Agrippa spent her childhood in Rome, and grew up with Tiberius's son Dorus. He is the grandson of Herod the Great. So it's the Herodian royal family. In 34 AD, Herod Philippus died. And Agrippa was to inherit the land. And in 39 AD, Agrippa's stepbrother, Herod Antipas, was exiled to Rome. Did she sell her house to Rome? Rome exiled Herod Antipas, and Agrippa was to inherit the land. So it's all up to Rome. Agrippa, who has a strong connection with Rome, also obtained the dominion of Judea and Samaria, and regained the throne of Herod the Great. Agrippa also appeared in the New Testament, and according to the Book of Ephesians, he executed Jebediah's son Jacob, the apostle of Jesus. Why did he do that? It is believed that the center of Judea's new power at this time was because it was Parthian. I wonder if he suppressed the apostle of Jesus to put the new power on his side. The Roman Empire was also careful. Peter, Jesus' first disciple, was also captured by Agrippa, and succeeded in escaping. Agrippa died shortly, in 44 AD. When he died, his eldest son was still 17 years old, and the land of Judea became under the rule of Rome. The governance system changes quite finely. I guess that's why ancient Rome lasted so long. It's the main reason for the ruling system of the Later Palaeolithic. Rome was especially careful about the rule of Judea. Even so, the rebellious spirit of Judea's Rome grew day by day. Only Yahweh was the god of the Jews. On the other hand, there were hundreds of thousands of gods in Rome. The emperor was almost assassinated. Judaism did not allow such a thing. It was an act of blasphemy of God. It was good to say that the compatibility was the worst. Gradually, the movement of the Zerothites became more active. Is it the first step of Judaism? It is the first step towards the construction of a state for the Jews by the Jews of the Jews. In other words, you're aiming for complete independence from Rome. However, the power of the Roman Empire was overwhelming. So the Zerothites attacked the Jews of New Rome. The attack became more and more intense. Finally, Rome became the target of the attack. It will lead to war. It's a Jewish war. Now, Herod Agrippa II, who became the king of Judea from 44 AD, gradually became recognized as the ruler of Judea from Rome. The Kingdom of Judea was a Roman-dependent kingdom. Agrippa II also grew up in Rome like his father. He was educated in the Roman style in the court of the Roman emperor Claudius. Didn't the Zerothites attack such a person? Later. When Agrippa died, Claudius stopped Agrippa II from going to Rome. He dispatched Cuspius Fabius as a Jew. Again, Judea became the ruler of Rome. In 48 AD, Herod of Chalcis died. I don't get it. He is one of the grandchildren of Herod the Great. After the death of Herod of Chalcis, Agrippa II inherited the throne from Syria. He was appointed director of the Great Temple of Jerusalem. He is in a position to choose the top of the new power. Later, Agrippa II was abandoned by Herod of Chalcis, but the extent to which the throne was gradually allowed spread. However, Agrippa II's rebellion against the Jewish divine force intensified. And the divine force launched a war against Rome, and exiled Agrippa II. He was exiled even though he was a king. The Jewish war was a war between the Jewish divine force and the Roman Empire. The war itself became the victory of the Roman side thanks to the activities of the Roman emperor Vespasianus and his son Typus. And in the war, Agrippa II turned to the support of the Roman Empire. For more information, please watch the video of the Jewish war. After the war, the Jewish divine force continued to resist the Roman Empire. On the other hand, Agrippa II was given a position in Rome, and was given an additional position. Now, Agrippa II also appears in the New Testament. The face of Herod is often featured in the New Testament. The period from the birth of Jesus to the birth of Christ, Herod continued. Christ was born in Rome, and Christ was born in Herod. It seems to be contradictory, but both are not wrong. It's about where Christ was born. When Jesus was executed? When Paul was active? Or when Evangelion was born? Or when the New Testament was established? For more information, please watch the birth of the New Testament. According to the New Testament Bible, Agrippa II and Paul are exchanging words. At that time, Paul was persecuted by the Jewish divine force and was in Caesarea. At that time, Agrippa II and her sister Berenice visited Caesarea. Paul was a Jew, but he had a Roman citizenship. Later, the Roman citizenship will be distributed throughout the empire, but the Roman citizenship at this time was a great privilege. In the early days of Christ, Paul had a great ability to speak. Agrippa II was interested in Paul. What? Paul told Agrippa II that he was born as a Parasite, that he had once suppressed the Jesuits, and that he had led the Jesuits in various places. How did Agrippa II react? You are trying to make me a Christian with a few words. Agrippa II, who heard Paul's story, said so. After that, Agrippa II abdicated and went to the Roman bishop Fespus. Fespus would have been released if he had not submitted to Caesar. Paul had a Roman citizenship, so he wanted a trial in Rome. His stay in Caesarea was on the way. For more information, please watch Paul. I don't know exactly when this story happened, but it is seen that it was before the Jewish War. The Jewish War greatly changed the way of Christianity. The Jewish power of the Jewish Church was significantly weakened by the Jewish War, and it was said that it led to the antithesis of Christianity. Was the birth of Evangelion also after the Jewish War? The establishment of the Book of Mark is said to have been around the 60s to the 80s. The idea that it was after the Jewish War is common, but there is also the idea that it was just before that. According to traditional interpretation, it is said that it was after the 70th anniversary of Jerusalem. On the other hand, when did the Paulist books, which make up a large proportion of the New Testament, come into being, and when did Paul die? In general, it is thought that he died just before the Jewish War. In any case, there was a big change for Christianity around the 1960s. The Jewish War was a crisis for Jewish society. However, from the conclusion, Jewish society overcame this crisis. It is seen that it was the Parasite who led it. Yes, but it was a fierce criticism. However, Judaism remained only among the Jews. On the other hand, Christianity spread to the outside of the Jews. And hundreds of years later, it began to surround Rome. Christianity becomes the border of Rome. After the Jewish War, the Agrippa II became in charge of the territory in the north of Palestine. Conversely, Rome directly dominated the other lands. In the 70s, the Roman army destroyed the great temple of Jerusalem, which was renovated by Herod the Great. After that, the Zerothites resisted the Roman army in various places, and the Battle of the Masada Fortress took place around 77 BC. The Jewish War came to an end. The Roman emperor Vespasianus celebrated the victory of the Jewish War with Rome, and showed the Roman citizens the relics and Jewish burial that he brought back from the temple. The temple was destroyed, buried, and the relics were taken away. Of course, the Jews who survived did not forget Rome's demand. That resentment will explode later, but that's after Herod the Great was destroyed. Herod the Great will perish before the Second Jewish War. After the destruction of the great temple of Jerusalem, many Jews were captured, and many fled to escape Rome. Those left behind were also confiscated from the land, and on top of that, taxes were imposed on Rome. Even with all this, they didn't give up their faith. No one can take away a person's faith. After the Jewish War, John the Baptist, who fled from Jerusalem during the war, appeared before the Roman emperor Vespasianus. This person has been hostile to the Zerothites for a long time, and asked Vespasianus for Jewish protection. I'm glad he wasn't killed by the Zerothites. I think he escaped from Jerusalem by putting himself in a coffin. This person is a religious leader called Rabbi, which means that the Jewish religion will be revived with Rabbi as its center. And Vespasianus was struck by the zeal of the Zerothites and admitted to building a school. Jews will never perish. Religious activities centered on Rabbi, synagogue, were shaped in this era. Synagogue? It's a word that means a gathering in ancient Greek. Because the Great Temple was destroyed in the Jewish War. It seems to have existed before that, but since the destruction of the temple, synagogues have been formed in various places, and worship has been held. Is it different from a church? It's a pretty difficult question. Synagogue is translated as Kaido in Japanese, and it is written in the New Testament that Jesus also went to Kaido. On the other hand, the church is currently defined as a church of Christian believers in the New Testament. The church is the premise of Christianity. As you can see from the definition of the textbook, a church is not always a word that represents a building. Synagogue is not always a building, but it refers to a gathering of Jews and Catholics to worship. Actually, I don't know exactly when the Synagogue was destroyed. Is there such a way of destruction? I don't know when Agrippa II died. And with the death of Agrippa II, the Synagogue was cut off. So what about the Jews? It became a place ruled by the Roman Empire. Agrippa II is estimated to have died in the 100th year of the Roman Empire or around the 93rd year of the Roman Empire. It's pretty open. As I mentioned earlier, the Second Jewish War broke out between the Jews and the Roman Empire. It was around 132 AD. But in the end, the rebellion was suppressed, and the Roman side returned mercilessly. The Jews were expelled from the land of the Jews, and the immigration of non-Jews was approved. But the land of the Jews, especially Jerusalem, remained sacred, right? Even now. For the Jews of Kyoto, Jerusalem is the holy land of eternity. For the Christians of Kyoto, too. It's the holy land of eternity. Emperor Hadrian of Rome called the land of the Jews, Palestine. This means the land of the Perishites, and the Perishites was the name of the people who fought against the people of ancient Israel. The giant Goliath who fought against David was a Perishite. It is forbidden to say that it is the identity of a Jew, and it is also forbidden to say that it is the holy land of the Jews. Rabi's residence was banned, and the statue of Hadrian was placed in the center of Jerusalem. It is difficult to determine whether the Perishites were the land of the Jews, but due to the Perishites' despair, the Jews lost their land. And due to the defeat of the Second Jewish War, the Jews scattered all over the place. But the Judaism continued. For the Jews to have their own country, they have to wait for the arrival of the 20th century. And the name of the country that came out is Israel. Let's talk about this country on another occasion. Until then, please subscribe to the channel and wait for us. Please subscribe to the channel and wait for us.