원폭보다 1000배나 강력한 수소폭탄을 개발한 미친 과학자! 오펜하이머를 배신한 '에드워드 텔러'

The person who made the atomic bomb is Oppenheimer. Then, who made the hydrogen bomb? It's Edward Teller. In the movie Oppenheimer, he is depicted as a person who betrayed Oppenheimer. Edward Teller, even in the Manhattan Project, Let's make a hydrogen bomb! Even after the nuclear bomb was dropped in Japan, Let's make a hydrogen bomb! Even after the hydrogen bomb was made, Let's make a hydrogen bomb! This is a hydrogen bomb. Edward Teller is almost a nuclear weapon all-rounder. If the Soviet Union developed nuclear weapons, The United States must have a hydrogen bomb. If the Soviet Union has a hydrogen bomb, The United States must have more of that hydrogen bomb. He claimed peace through power. He also used hydrogen bombs to control climate, He even said, let's use it as a power plant. He's a nuclear all-rounder. Today, one of the important characters in the movie Oppenheimer, The father of hydrogen bombs, the mad scientist, We're going to find out about Edward Teller. Edward Teller was born in 1908, During the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, He was born in a Jewish family in Budapest. At that time, the Austrian-Hungarian Empire was a very popular country. But now that this country has participated in World War I and lost, In October 1918, Hungary declared independence. Right after that, in 1919, By the communist revolutionaries, The Hungarian Soviet Republic was established. Teller, who was a student of a Jewish family on the middle class at the time, Now that the communist regime is coming in, I've been through more and more discrimination and difficulties. Now that the communist regime has come in, This regime has annexed the land and re-distributed wealth. At this time, Teller's family had a hard time. The communist government of Hungary ended in August 1919. Right after that, the dictatorship of Horthy Miklos continued. So when Edward Teller was a teenager, Hungary is a communist regime. And the dictatorship took over. It must have been very politically confusing. That's why Edward Teller is very natural. Like communism or fascism. I have a sense of anti-ideology like this. In fact, it wasn't a sense of anti-ideology, it was a level of hatred. With this experience, Edward Teller has a deep faith in liberalism and democracy. Edward Teller's background was like this. It's really important to understand Teller's future. I hope you remember. In 1926, Teller left Hungary to study and studied in Germany. But at this time, there's a problem. Hitler became the leader of Germany. Right after that, there was a lot of oppression against Jews in Germany. No, what kind of communism, dictatorship, and now Nazism? I'm so sick of ideology. Oh, I can't. I have to leave Germany quickly. What is this? Teller has already experienced all the madness of ideology when he was young. Teller, who felt threatened, immediately found a refuge. In 1934, Teller escaped from Germany and crossed Copenhagen, where Niels Bohr was. In 1935, he went to the United States. At this time, Teller went through George Washington, Johns Hopkins, Columbia, etc. Right after World War II, he studied national defense science. At this time, Teller participated in projects such as Raider and Sona, and achieved many achievements. After World War II, the United States heard that Nazi Germany was manufacturing nuclear weapons. He started the Manhattan Project. At this time, he became the military leader, General Leslie Groves, and the scientist, Oppenheimer. There were a lot of famous scientists in the Manhattan Project. Enrico Fermi, Von Neumann, Richard Feynman, Hans Bethe, etc. Teller also became a member of the Manhattan Project in 1942. At that time, Teller was supposed to do the calculations necessary for the Nepali nuclear bomb. But from the beginning, he was only interested in nuclear fusion bombs, that is, hydrogen bombs. Other scientists have been studying atomic bombs using nuclear fusion. But Teller kept saying, Hey, we need to make hydrogen bombs. Teller was so hung up on hydrogen bombs, and atomic bombs didn't help. Oppenheimer said to Teller, Hey, Teller, it's not important to win the war. Stop paying attention to nuclear fusion bombs and do your job first. After hearing this from Oppenheimer, Teller became more and more uncooperative in developing nuclear weapons. He tried not to take any responsibility in the Manhattan Project, and he continued to develop hydrogen bombs by himself. Teller's attitude was like this, so he had a lot of friction with a scientist named Hans Bethe. Every night, Teller came up with a new idea to make hydrogen bombs, and when he told the scientists about it, Hans Bethe proved why hydrogen bombs didn't work all night. Hey, we're in a war right now. What if those Nazis develop atomic bombs first? Isn't it the order of developing hydrogen bombs right after developing atomic bombs? It's obvious, but why do you have to work twice? Let's just develop hydrogen bombs at once. Hey, can you make hydrogen bombs? Yes, I can. I just need to dissolve the nucleus and put a neutron and a tri-neutron in it. Oh, I can't believe it. I don't know if I can make nuclear fusion bombs right now, and I don't know if it's possible to make a nuclear fusion bomb right now. You have to say something that makes sense. No, I'm talking about the nuclear fusion bomb. I heard that you're the only one calculating it right now. When he's done calculating, he'll just have to put hydrogen in it, according to my theory. Hans Bethe, who never stopped fighting with Edward Teller. But Hans Bethe is a scientist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1967 for his theory of how hydrogen-nucleus is formed at the center of a planet like our sun. So he's the world's best author of nuclear fusion. But even Hans Bethe opposed hydrogen bombs at the time of the Manhattan Project. Now, since Bethe and Teller are fighting so much, Oppenheimer came forward and persuaded Teller. Hey, buddy, there's an order to everything. If you have a chance after making something easy to make a little bit, you can make a hydrogen bomb. No, you have to start with the hydrogen bomb. But most scientists opposed Teller's opinion. There was an opinion like this. Hey, you're not going to do that, you're going to do a hydrogen bomb, you're going to nullify all the plans, and you're going to start over from the beginning. You go and get the president's permission. I'm talking about crazy things. I'm not doing it because it's really dirty. In the end, no one's on his side, so Teller declares his escape. Still, I thought this guy would help me a little bit, so I asked Teller to do his own hydrogen bomb development research in Los Alamos. And once a week, he came to the meeting and asked for an idea. Well, O.P. was very considerate of Teller. Teller, who was going to pack up and leave, accepted O.P.'s offer and dedicated himself to hydrogen bomb research. On August 6, 1945, Hiroshima's Uranium Nuclear Weapon Little Boy fell in Nagasaki on August 9th. And on August 15, 1945, Japan declared unconditional surrender. The nuclear weapons that fell in Japan killed about 210,000 people. More than 95% of them were civilians. Also, if you add the additional deaths caused by radioactive pollution, the number of deaths is much higher. The scientists of the Manhattan Project, including Oppenheimer, who heard this news, feel guilty and skeptical about the nuclear weapons. Even if they are heroes who ended World War II early, It's true that too many innocent civilians died. So, right after the nuclear weapons fell in Japan, many scientists of the Manhattan Project started a counterattack. But Teller's opinion was different. Teller insisted that hydrogen bombs should be made even after the nuclear weapons fell in Japan. So, Edward Teller met Oppenheimer and asked him to push himself so that he could study hydrogen bombs. But Oppenheimer already claimed a reversal and a counterattack. So, O.P. rejected Teller's offer very firmly. This left a great scar on Teller. No, O.P. Jin made all the nuclear weapons and got all the fame. Why are you making me do it? Isn't O.P. keeping an eye on me? He said he thought so. In 1946, Teller left Los Alamos and was hired as a professor at the University of Chicago. And he died during the Cold War. But not long after, a really shocking incident happened in the United States. On August 29, 1949, the Soviet Union succeeded in the nuclear weapon explosion experiment. The Soviet nuclear weapon, RDS-1, is a nuclear weapon that applies the method of the American plutonium nuclear weapon, FEMEN. Thus, the Soviet Union became the second nuclear powerhouse after the United States. Right after this news, Teller called O.P. But their opinions were very different. O.P. saw the existence of nuclear weapons as a serious threat to mankind. At that time, the US nuclear technology secrecy itself created distrust and tension between the US and the Soviet Union. Therefore, the two countries thought they would have a nuclear military competition. In order to cut this off, O.P. argued that nuclear technology secrecy should be abolished. We need to go out into the international community and make information about nuclear weapons transparent. We need to reassure other countries. We need to go out into the international community and discuss nuclear weapons a lot. We need to cooperate a lot. And finally, O.P. argued that we should stop the spread of nuclear weapons by signing an agreement to control the spread of nuclear weapons. On the other hand, Teller's claim was much more radical. Teller had already witnessed a lot of destruction brought by ideologies such as dictatorship, Nazism, and communism as a child. So Teller thought he wouldn't be able to communicate with these communists at all. In addition, Edward Teller argued that great power is needed to maintain peace. In other words, at the time when the Soviet Union had nuclear weapons, he thought that if the United States wanted to stand higher than the Soviet Union, it had to make hydrogen bombs and maintain peace based on stronger power than the opponent. The scientists who participated in the Manhattan Project divided into two groups. The Oppenheimer faction, which shouts anti-nuclear, and the Teller faction, which says that we need to make more nuclear weapons and hydrogen bombs. But the politicians' opinions were firm at the time. The United States, threatened by the Soviet nuclear development, began to develop hydrogen bombs on January 13, 1950 under President Truman's orders. The so-called Project I.B. Now, let's find out the principle of hydrogen bombs. To do this, we need to know the nuclear dissociation and nuclear fusion. Nuclear dissociation is a phenomenon in which heavy substances such as uranium or plutonium are broken down into light substances. For example, if you shoot a neutron into uranium, uranium is broken down into barium and krypton, releasing three neutrons. At this time, let's say that one uranium on the left and one neutron are 10. But as the barium, krypton, and neutrons on the right change, let's say that the mass is 9. At this time, a certain amount of mass is gone. A certain amount of mass is converted into energy according to Einstein's Energy Square formula. Energy is the square root of the mass times the speed of light. So it's as much energy as the square root of 1 times the speed of light. If you make a bomb with that energy, it becomes a atomic bomb. Now, let's find out the nuclear fusion. It is called nuclear fusion that light atoms combine to become heavy atoms. In fact, we are witnessing the process of nuclear fusion every day. It's the sun. At the center of our sun, nuclear fusion occurs every day. The temperature at the center of the sun is 15 million degrees, and the pressure is as much as 2.5 billion. In this ultra-high-temperature, ultra-high-pressure environment at the center of the sun, hydrogen atoms collide with each other and combine to become helium atoms. At this time, in order to cause a nuclear fusion reaction on Earth, we need an ultra-high-temperature, ultra-high-pressure environment similar to the sun. But in the case of Earth, there is only one pressure on the surface of the sea. So, in the case of Earth, we need a higher temperature as the pressure is insufficient. The temperature required at this time is more than 100 million degrees. The nuclear fusion reaction can only start when it is more than 100 million degrees. So, in order to create conditions for ultra-high-temperature where nuclear fusion is possible, nuclear fusion is first done. By doing this, we create tremendous energy and pressure, and nuclear fusion is done by fueling the center of the bomb with hydrogen and lithium. The energy generated at this time is said to be 1,000 times stronger than the atomic bomb. Now, this is the simple principle of a hydrogen bomb. But the very detailed principle is attached to the secret. The idea to lead a nuclear fusion reaction with energy generated by nuclear fission was first proposed to Edward Teller by the Italian physicist Enrico Fermi. But at first, he couldn't design it, so he couldn't set the temperature and pressure to cause nuclear fusion. So I thought, I can't make a hydrogen bomb. With the help of the Polish mathematician Stanisław Ulam, he designed a hydrogen bomb capable of nuclear fusion. So this method is called the Teller-Ulam design method. In this way, the U.S. succeeded in the world's first hydrogen bomb, the I.B. Mike explosion, on November 1, 1952. At this time, the power was really low. About 10.4 megatons. So it was about 750 times stronger than the atomic bomb that fell on Hiroshima. The place where the experiment was conducted, the island of Elugelab, evaporated. After this successful experiment, Teller became the father of hydrogen bombs. However, as expected, the competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union for nuclear fission became worse. The Soviet Union succeeded in the small-scale hydrogen bomb experiment in August 1953. In 1955, the Soviet Union also succeeded in the 1.6 megaton hydrogen bomb RDS-37 explosion experiment. It would be really annoying for the United States, right? After making the nuclear weapon first, the Soviet spy took the nuclear weapon information and handed it over to the Soviet Union, and the atomic bomb technology was quickly caught up. Also, after making the hydrogen bomb, it was caught up again next year. From the U.S. point of view, the Soviet Union is more threatening than I thought. Besides, the Soviet Union is a communist country that the U.S. hates so much. Now, as the Soviet Union's hydrogen bomb experiments continue to succeed in a row, the competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union for nuclear fission becomes extreme. At this time, the relationship between Teller and O.P. was also at its worst. Teller has been making this claim since 1951. Oppenheimer tried to delay the development of hydrogen bombs and interfere. Many people believe that Oppenheimer was against the development of hydrogen bombs after receiving direct orders from the Soviet Union. He accused O.P. of FBI. Of course, there was no evidence. It was just based on rumors. Meanwhile, the U.S. is in a anti-communist, communist-led mechanism. At this time, O.P. was also accused of being a communist spy and dragged to the Security Office in 1954. This is the attack he received. When O.P. was being wronged, Teller, who attended the hearing, testified like this. Also, because of personal grudges, there was a person who tried to completely drag O.P. out of the nuclear power committee. It's Strauss. Teller also sent a report to Strauss. After the Second World War, O.P. has only given strange advice on nuclear weapons. We need to emphasize that and find a related charge. And regardless of the hearing results, O.P.'s position must be abolished. Otherwise, the scientists who are currently developing nuclear weapons will be scammed. You can see that he's trying to get rid of O.P. O.P. was so considerate of Teller during the Manhattan Project that he helped him independently develop a nuclear bomb. How can he be so cheap? Anyway, as a result of the hearing, O.P. was acquitted of being a communist or a spy. However, he was classified as a person who could be a threat to the national security, and was eventually expelled from all public offices. Teller got rid of his old friend O.P., who was in the way of his future. But there were a lot of things to lose. O.P. was considerate of O.P. during the Manhattan Project. The rumor that Teller betrayed O.P. and testified against O.P. spread all over the science world. So the scientists who supported O.P. were completely cut off from Teller. Teller was classified as a traitor who sold his friends for success in society. Even if Teller met his colleagues, even if he went to his mother's church, everyone tried to kill Teller. Every time, Teller ran away from his seat as if he were completely kicked out. Of course, I understand Teller's position to some extent. He's trying to make a nuclear bomb, but O.P. keeps getting in the way. And O.P. has already become a star by succeeding in the Manhattan Project. But from Teller's point of view, O.P. keeps getting in the way. And Teller said he had a lot of inferiority complex to O.P. Well, I guess he betrayed O.P. because of these various feelings of Teller. Unlike O.P., whose career was completely cut off after the development of the atomic bomb, Teller continues to work as a nuclear policy advisor to the U.S. government. At this time, Teller seems to be a nuclear weapon omnipotent beyond the nuclear weapon O.P. At the time of President Eisenhower's inauguration, he claimed not only for military purposes, but also to use nuclear weapons to explore oil, build culture, and even control the weather. He's trying to use nuclear weapons for practical purposes. You have to use nuclear weapons for large-scale land construction. There's nothing like a nuclear bomb to make a huge hole in the ground. It will save budget and be safe. Teller's crazy idea was to blow up as many as 520 nuclear bombs to dig a 200-kilometer ditch in the Negev Desert in Israel. And Teller claims to blow up the Alaskan hydrogen bomb. He's trying to make a port by blowing up the Alaskan hydrogen bomb. There's no real mad scientist. But fortunately, this plan didn't work. Because other scientists were against it, saying that wild animals and native people living there would not be safe because of the radiation exposure and the huge explosion. Mad scientist Edward Teller, the father of the hydrogen bomb. The later evaluation of him is divided into extremes. Some people see him as a patriot who devoted himself to national security. Some people say that Teller caused a nuclear arms race all over the world. Edward Teller himself hated Nazism and communism more than anyone else. He advocated liberalism and democracy. He thought he had to make a hydrogen bomb to keep peace. Thanks to this hydrogen bomb, there are quite a few scientists who think that peace could have been maintained to some extent. However, we have come to face the great fear of the end of humanity caused by nuclear war. It's peace over fear. How do you evaluate Edward Teller? Please leave a lot of comments. So far, it was the second review of the movie Oppenheimer. I was a reviewer.