인류 역사를 송두리째 바꿔버린 흑사병! 무려 2억 명의 생명이 죽어가는 동안 인류는 왜 아무것도 하지 못했을까?

Black Death is considered to be the worst disease in human history. In the 14th century, the Black Death swept Europe and killed a lot of people. We can't know for sure, but scientists estimate that between 30% to 60% of the European population, about 25 million to 75 million people died because of the Black Death. And the number of people who have died from the Black Death so far is estimated to be between 75 million to 200 million. The Black Death has changed the history of Europe. First, the bourgeoisie collapsed and the economy was destroyed. The power of kings and politicians has been transferred to the citizens. Religious reforms have also taken place, and art and literary works have also been greatly affected. Today, we're going to take a closer look at the Black Death. First, what is the Black Death? The Black Death is also known as Pest. Let's take a closer look at the process of getting infected with the Black Death. First, there's a guy called a rat. This guy has a pest. The rat is parasitizing the rat, and one day it bites a human, and it gets infected with the Black Death. In the case of people who have been bitten by rats, they get infected with Garetto's Death. Garetto's Death is a symptom of fever, headache, joint pain, and muscle pain above 38 degrees Celsius. It is said that patients who had severe symptoms could not walk or move their arms because they felt pain in their thighs, lower abdomen, and armpits. Another type of Black Death is a pest. At first, people who were bitten by rats and got infected with Garetto's Death would cough, sweat, and urinate. But there are already a lot of pest bacteria here, so when they evaporate, the pest bacteria spread in the air. People who drink this polluted air get infected with the Black Death. The same goes for the animals infected with the Black Death. It spreads the Black Death through feces, body fluids, etc. The Black Death is now much scarier than the Garetto's Death, because it is more painful and fatal. When infected with the Black Death, you cough at a high fever of 38 degrees Celsius. Especially, the respiratory disease is severe. There is a chest pain, lung inflammation, breathing difficulties, shortness of breath, and blood clots. As a result, the skin and mucous membrane may turn blue. This is a symptom of a lack of oxygen in the blood as a result of the dysfunction of the lungs. There are also symptoms of dizziness, headache, nausea, and vomiting. If a person infected with the Black Death can't be treated immediately, it is difficult to recover, and in many cases, it leads to death. Lastly, it's an infectious pest. Infectious pests are the rarest of the three types of pests. It is said that if a pest is infested with blood, it is infected with an infectious pest. Very rarely, it is said that it is infected through wounds, and it is also infected by shortness of breath. Pesticides infested with human blood grow in the blood. At this time, the blood is clogged, so the blood does not flow to the body. As a result, the patient's fingers, toes, and other parts of the body are black. In addition, it causes severe pneumonia, and the bleeding does not stop. In addition, infectious pests cause a lot of symptoms, but at that time, it was almost impossible to treat, so many people died. Some of you may have noticed that Black Death is Black Death in English, but there was a very clear symptom that people infected with Black Death died because their skin turned black, so the name Black Death was added. In addition, there is a theory that black death was named Black Death because too many people died in a very high mortality rate. So how did the Black Death spread throughout Europe? First of all, Central Asia is the most prominent area where pests first occurred. In 2022, Professor Johannes Krauss of the German Max Planck Evolutionary Research Institute and Professor Philip Slavin of the British Stirling University published a paper. The first pest seems to have occurred in Central Asia, Kyrgyzstan. Researchers found a body and a grave buried in 1338 near the Issyk-Kul Lake in Kyrgyzstan. In this tomb, it was written in Syriac that it was the grave of San Mark, the new man who died from pests. San Mark was a merchant who worked in the Silk Road trade. It is said that the number of merchants who died from pests is 116, as well as San Mark. The researchers excavated a tooth in the grave. As a result of DNA analysis, they found pests. And this pest is said to have been in the same form as a pest that swept Europe in the Middle Ages before it caused a mutation. Also, the researchers investigated the insects living near the Issyk-Kul Lake. These insects had pests and were very similar to the pests found in the grave. It is estimated that the merchants who traveled between Europe and Asia in 1338 were infected with pests because of the plague, and the merchants spread the plague by traveling between Asia and Europe. Another legend that the plague of Europe has become popular is that in 1347, the army of the Kingdom of Kipchak invaded the Italian city of Genoa, Cappadocia, and spread the disease. Cappadocia is now in the Crimean Peninsula. At the time of 1347, there was a siege between the citizens of Genoa and the Mongolian army. However, the defense of the citizens of Genoa was very persistent, and in the end, the Mongolian army attempted a biological war. It is to put the dead body of a person who died of a plague in a pitcher and shoot it into the castle. Now, at this time, the dead body of a person who died of a plague was scattered all over the city, and the whole city was covered with blood. It's just that the whole of Cappadocia is infected with pests. If you don't get rid of this body, the body will rot and make germs. But if you get rid of the body, you will be infected with pests in the process of wiping the blood and touching the body with your hands. Thus, the plague began to spread in Cappadocia. In a way, the tactic of sending the body of a person who died of a disease to the opponent's camp to spread the plague looks really dirty and cheap. However, there have been a lot of tactics like this in the war. There is a similar scene in the movie The Battle of the Walls. There is a scene where Jojo carries the dead bodies of people who died of infectious diseases on a small wooden stick and sends them to the Yubi Songun coalition. Anyway, the Mongolian army returned to the Cappadocian siege and was tired of the persistent defense of the Cappadocian army, and the damage caused by pests continued to occur inside the Mongolian army. In the end, the Mongolian army withdrew and the Geno-Baryong Cappadocian army won, but the Cappadocian army also suffered a lot of damage. In particular, it is said that many citizens and soldiers died as the plague began to spread. It is said that the plague that started in Cappadocia began to spread throughout Europe. However, there is also an argument that the Mongolian army invaded the Geno-Baryong Cappadocian army and spread the plague in Europe. At the time of the Battle of Cappadocia, the plague was already spreading in other Korean cities in Italy. The third hypothesis that the plague spread in Europe is the Death Ship Incident. In 1347, 12 Genoese ships arrived at the port of Messina in Sicily. However, most of the sailors were dead, and the survivors were dying of the plague. This rumor soon reached Sicily. No, there is a plague on the Genoese ships now. Those sailors should never enter Sicily. Also, take care of the Genoese ships to leave the port immediately. In the end, the Genoese ships had no choice but to leave according to the orders of the monarchy. But soon after, a plague began to spread in Sicily. The symptoms were the same as the Genoese sailors who were infected with the plague. And this plague began in Italy and spread throughout Europe. According to various historical records, Italy was the first country in Europe to spread the plague. That's how much Italy suffered the biggest damage in the early days of the plague. It started in the Cappadocian peninsula and spread throughout Venice, Genoa, and Italy. Then why did the plague spread first in Italy in the 14th century? Italy was very developed in trade, commerce, finance, and art around the peninsula. There were many ships coming and going in Italy. Italy was always full of traders and travelers. Also, Italy is famous for its pilgrimage sites, so pilgrims from all over Europe gathered. And Italy had a high population density, and the urban environment was mixed, so it had ideal conditions for the spread of diseases. Florence in Italy is known as the city that suffered the most damage during the plague. According to estimates, the population of Florence decreased by more than 50%. Also, cities like Venice and Genoa in Italy decreased by more than 50%. The plague that started in Italy spread throughout Europe. France, England, Spain, Germany, Scotland, Ireland, Portugal, Norway, Poland, Hungary, etc. The middle-aged plague peaked between 1347 and 1351. It is estimated that about 25 million to 75 million Europeans died in just 4 years. This is a huge number, 30% to 60% of the European population at the time. The plague, which caused 60% to die in 30% of the European population, changed everything in Europe's economy, politics, art, culture, etc. First of all, the power of the ruling class has fallen, and the power of the working class has risen. Why? Because too many people died from the plague, and almost all areas were short of labor. The land price has fallen dramatically. For example, let's say there's a landowner here, and let's say there's a farmer who reads the land of the landowner and gets paid. The farmer thinks like this. No, I've heard some rumors. There's been such a big plague in Florence that all the people are dead, and there's not enough people to work. Even if I go to Florence and learn leather crafting, I'll earn three times as much as I farm here. I'm gonna have to go to Florence. So the farmer is packing to leave for Florence. No, where are you going with all this stuff? No, if I go to Florence, I think I'll be warmer and fuller than here. You're the farmer. Oh, man, there's not enough people here, too. Where are you going? I'll pay you twice as much as I get paid, so please read my land. Then please set it to $4 per day and let me work 40 hours a week. Please take care of my lunch, too. Oh, man, of course, of course. All right, all right. Now, some people will live with better treatment for the land price. Some people will find a better job and leave. The European population is almost half dead from the black death. In a situation where there are so few workers, there are many opportunities for survivors. Workers were able to demand better social status by increasing their freedom of movement and education. On the other hand, the ruling class had to provide higher wages, improved working conditions, and even incentives to bring in workers. The power of the ruling class has weakened and the power of the workers has increased, so the control over the ruling class has weakened. Also, at the time of the black death, the economy of the entire Europe was completely destroyed. This made it difficult for the existing ruling class to maintain their wealth and power. Eventually, the traditional class structure collapsed, the wealth was redistributed, and there were more opportunities for class movement. And all of this led to a traditional feudalism and the abolition of concentration camps. The black death shook the religion of Europe. Before I go into more detail, you need to know that the black death did not change the religion of the entire Europe. Depending on the region, individual, and religion, the change is so different. Also, the change of religious beliefs or customs is very complicated and multidimensional. The black death took the lives of about 30 to 60% of the European population. But at the time, there was nothing that religious people could do. It can't be helped. Medieval Europe was an era where science had not developed, so in the end, everything had to be said to be God's will. But that God's will is really weird. If the black death is God's will, only good people live and only bad people die. But good people, bad people, and even religious people who are really sincere and do good work are all dying of illness. Even if someone survives really well, It's God's will. If someone dies unluckily, Because he is needed all over the country, he was called by God and left. I have no choice but to say that. No, this is really God's will. It's an era where there are more people who have doubts. Also, at that time, many clergy died of black death. Because of this, religious institutions have to recruit new clergy. But since the clergy were filled in such a hurry, the ability of the clergy was falling. People won't be satisfied with this phenomenon. Also, at that time, the religion of Europe did not set up a realistic countermeasure against the great disaster of black death. It's a fundamental solution, so of course it's a black death treatment. This wouldn't be possible with the science and technology of that time. But even if they can't provide a cure, There was a limit to providing food, water, and medicines at religious institutions. They couldn't even provide refugees to the citizens. This made the believers have this kind of doubt. The religion I believe in can't protect me in the end. The religion I believe in has no ability. So at that time, many people doubted the religion itself and the ability of the religion. They had meetings and criticized a lot. In the end, the black death took away the authority of religion at that time. As a result, the Korean religion appeared and several branches came out. Among the religious groups that appeared, the most controversial group was the Chaejjikko Group. The Chaejjikko Group is the reason why black death is all over Europe. It's because God is angry at humans. They said. And in order to soothe God's anger and ask for forgiveness, They argued that public participation and self-protection were necessary. They wear crosses in public places such as city squares and markets, They wear thorns and stab themselves. They suffered very serious physical pain. The third Europe that the black death changed is the development of medicine. At this time, Europe's medical system was developing weakly. At that time, there was a limit to science and medical technology, At that time, Europeans still did not understand the black death. To fully understand the black death, you need at least a microscope. However, the microscope only appeared in the 16th century. Nevertheless, several medical systems are developing in Europe. First of all, in response to infectious diseases, The first regulation on quarantine and sanitation was implemented. These measures have continued to develop, It is used very importantly when infectious diseases occur even today. And the existing medical education was mainly held in religious institutions such as capitals and churches. However, thanks to the social demand that trained doctors are needed, Medical schools are established everywhere. For example, France's Montpellier University, Italy's Padova University, And Salerno University, etc. They provided medical education much more systematically than religious institutions, It became the center of medical research in the future. Also, understanding and interest in diseases continued as a record, It led to a number of medical articles and papers. These were based on future medical development in the future. Lastly, with curiosity about the nature of the disease, Dermatology, gynecology, and pathology have developed. It has also changed the way Europeans think. Death, corruption, disease, human weakness, The fear of not knowing when to die spread throughout society. This has become a regular topic of literature, art, and philosophers at that time. On the other hand, because it is such a difficult situation, How to enjoy the life given now, I've gained a lot of interest. It also weakened traditional culture and regulations. On the other hand, personal experience, personal achievement, It is said that the tendency to pursue personal interests has become stronger. Now, from now on, Let's find out why Europe couldn't stop the Black Death and spread throughout Europe. The biggest reason is the lack of knowledge about infectious diseases. As I said earlier, it was an era when the microscope was not invented. At that time, people didn't know why this epidemic was going around. The spread of the disease was unimaginable at that time. There was no prevention of treatment such as antibiotics or vaccines. There was no way to use hands. People relied on superstition. French scientists said, In 1345, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn were aligned in a row. This phenomenon polluted the atmosphere of the Earth and seems to have created the Black Death. No, is it true? But surprisingly, this hypothesis was adopted as a legend. Doctors only gave strange prescriptions to patients with Black Death. Medicine was widespread at that time. They didn't listen to the prescriptions at all. At that time, doctors did a blood test. They believed that if they took out all the bad blood in their body, they would be healthy again. But according to the blood test, The patient's blood had to be taken out a lot. The patient's health deteriorated. In fact, contaminated blood made the epidemic worse. Also, doctors believed that if patients vomited, urinated, and urinated, they would get rid of all the toxins in their bodies and become healthy again. So they prescribed relieving agents, vomiting agents, and drugs to patients. But this also damaged the patient's health and made the disease spread more. Religious people claimed that the Black Death was a punishment from God. They believed that if you prayed and repented, you would get better. There was a con artist who made money by acting like a doctor. People didn't get better, so they relied on superstition and believed in rumors. There are also records that Jews deliberately spread the Black Death disease, or that people with leprosy spread rumors about the cause of the disease. These people were persecuted and massacred. Population overgrowth due to urban development, trade and travel. The Black Death disease spread. I explained Italy earlier. In addition, the information transmission between cities and countries was slow, so the Black Death disease spread more. Some cities were able to completely isolate the infected and prevent a lot of damage. For example, there are Milan in Italy, Krakow in Poland, and Erfurt in Germany. But even if these city-states share their know-how, it is difficult to share because the information transmission is too slow. Also, even if the method is shared, Each city and country had very weak administrative and executive authority, and the laws were different. This prevented all regions from taking unified preventive measures. One of the biggest factors that made the Black Death disease popular was the hygiene shortage in Europe at the time. Leprosy has a mouth. Leprosy sticks to a mouse and bites a person. Infected people with leprosy are infected with other people, and the Black Death disease is popular. So, if we could block leprosy and rats from the beginning, we could have prevented leprosy or reduced damage. But in Europe in the 14th century, rats were caught in almost every place. First, as European agriculture developed, they built a huge warehouse and stored crops. It's actually too easy for rats to hide here. Here, rats eat a lot. Also, at that time, people kept food at room temperature. If there was food left after cooking, they just threw it in front of the house or by the river, used it as a fertilizer for the farm, or fed the livestock. There were no home food processing machines, no sewage treatment facilities, and no large-scale garbage disposal sites like these days. This is just for rats. The streets are full of food waste, and the sewage treatment facilities are a mess, so rats are coming in and out endlessly. So, the number of rats increased, and the Black Death disease spread all over the place. In modern society, leprosy has become a rare disease. Thanks to the development of medicine, modern sewage treatment facilities, clean living environment, fast information transfer, and prevention of leprosy. By the way, let me tell you something surprising. There is only one infectious disease that humans have completely conquered. It's natural poison. We are threatened with thousands of infectious diseases except for natural poison. This is the reason why we have to be aware of infectious diseases no matter how much modern civilization has developed. I think it is important for our citizens to pay close attention to personal and family hygiene. Infectious diseases that usually start in the family are often caused by food and food waste. If food waste, flies, butterflies, cockroaches, and even rats stick together and reproduce, our family will have infectious diseases. Flies move the measles, typhus, and cholera. Females move salmonella, colon, and Campylobacter. Rats move Leptospira, Pantavirus, and Salmonella. Also, microorganisms such as mold, bacteria, which are produced by food waste, produce toxins. It can contaminate the whole family and cause food poisoning. If you get food poisoning, you may have a stomachache, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dehydration, and even organ damage. In addition, as the mold spreads throughout the family, respiratory diseases and allergic diseases occur. If you don't clean up the food like this, it's not just bad luck and smell. These guys are a big threat to our family's health. So, for your clean kitchen environment, I'll give you two Blue Vent MOMO Plus food containers. Actually, I've been collecting food in a food container at home, but there are more than one or two inconveniences. It smells in the house, bugs get tangled, and especially in summer like these days, the mold spreads quickly, so it's really annoying. Also, in my case, the food waste is always in the kitchen, so the kitchen hygiene is very uncomfortable. But this time, the Blue Vent MOMO Plus ad came in. Wow, this is crazy. It's my first time using this kind of food processor in my life, and it's really amazing. If you put food in a container, the AI decides whether to store or dry the food. For the first time in Korea, it also shows the remaining time for food processing. When the AI automatically dries the food, the food is completely dried and disassembled, reducing food waste to up to 95%. That's how little food waste is thrown away, so it's really great. In dried food, it doesn't smell bad at all. It only smells savory. When you go into AI storage mode, you can't smell the food and hardly eat electricity. The capacity is up to 4 liters, so it's very relaxed. There is no problem even with 4-person furniture. Oh, and the cleaning function. This is really great, too. If you just put water in and press the cleaning button, it cleans at 120 degrees, so it's very clean. With the smartphone IoT link, even if you forget and just go out of the house, you can run the drying with your smartphone. So, how do you participate in this great Blue Vent MOMO Plus draw event? I'll put a link in the comments and description. Please participate a lot. Then, I'll select two people in total and send you Blue Vent MOMO Plus. Oh, and if you need an owl for food processing, please remember Blue Vent MOMO Plus and keep your kitchen clean. So far, it's been a reviewer.