Russian World Lesson 56 - Russian language Class

Hello! Good morning! Good afternoon! My name is Vera Alexeevna Polyakova-Norwood. Welcome to the Russian language lesson. In the lesson we speak Russian. In the lesson we speak a lot in Russian. We speak, read and write in Russian. This is kind of часы or a big clock that goes on the wall. This is also часы. So how do we identify time? How do we tell time in Russian? When it's one o'clock what do we say? Сейчас час. And at two o'clock what do we say? Сейчас два часа. And when it's three o'clock? Сейчас три часа. Four o'clock. Сейчас четыре часа. But what do we say when it's five o'clock? Сейчас пять часов. So let's take a look at this. Сейчас час. And you remember that for one o'clock we do not even have to use a number. Сейчас час. Час already means one hour. Сейчас час. Сейчас два часа. Сейчас три часа. Сейчас четыре часа. Два, три and четыре are used with часа. And notice how I pronounce this. I say the И sound in the first syllable. Часа. We spell this word one way and pronounce it in quite a different way. Часа. Два часа. Три часа. Четыре часа. And you remember that when we hit five we have to change the ending. Now we are saying пять часов. Шесть часов. Семь часов. Хорошо. So we say семь часов. What do we say at eight o'clock? Восемь часов. Nine o'clock? Девять часов. Ten o'clock? Десять часов. Eleven o'clock? Одиннадцать часов. Twelve o'clock? Двенадцать часов. Let's take a look at this too. Семь часов. Восемь часов. Девять часов. Десять часов. Одиннадцать часов. Двенадцать часов. So five through twelve. Go with the word часов. With the ОВ ending on it. And again the best time for you to handle it is to go ahead and memorize it. Сейчас час. Два, три and четыре appear with the О ending. Два часа. Три часа. Четыре часа. And then five through twelve with those numbers you say часов. Пять часов. Десять часов. Двенадцать часов. And now let's practice. Let's take a look at this. Итак, скажите пожалуйста. Tell me please. Скажите пожалуйста. Который час? Сейчас три часа. Хорошо. А который сейчас час? Сейчас восемь часов. Хорошо. А сейчас? Который час? Did you say that in your classrooms? Сейчас час. And you remember that for one o'clock you don't need the number one. You simply say сейчас час. Now let us move on. Который час? Который сейчас час? Сейчас два часа. And let's do it one more time. Который час? Скажите пожалуйста. Который час? Сейчас шесть часов. Ну, хорошо. Now let's talk about the verbs of motion. Well, we have been talking about them for quite a long while. Do you remember all of them? Verbs of motion. Ити, ехать, спешить, опаздывать. Let's take a look at them. Ити, ехать. And then to this group we can also add спешить. To hurry or to be in a hurry. Because we are usually in a hurry to get to some place. And опаздывать. Ити, ехать, спешить, опаздывать. Do you remember the conjugation of the verb спешить? That's the newest verb on our list. Я спешу. Ты спешишь. Он спешит. Мы спешим. Вы спешите. This is a second conjugation verb. Please remember that. That's the reason we say Они спешат. With the at ending here. Они спешат. They are in a hurry. Я спешу. Ты спешишь. Они спешат. But what do we say when a person is in a really big hurry? How can we intensify the meaning of the verb спешить? From our previous lesson you ought to remember that the only thing we have to do here is use the adverb очень. Очень. Я очень спешу. And it means that I am in a big hurry. Let's look at this. Я очень спешу. I am in a big hurry. Я очень спешу. I want everybody to say this after me. Я очень спешу. Хорошо. Let's make this plural and let us say we are in a big hurry. How are you going to do that? Мы очень спешим. Remember to change your pronoun and your conjugated verb. Мы очень спешим. We are in a big hurry. Утром. In the morning. And that's when we are usually in a big hurry. Утром мы очень спешим. Хорошо. Идти, ехать, спешить and опаздывать, to be late are what we call verbs of motion. And the reason we group these verbs in one group is that they can go with expressions of direction. You usually go towards a certain place or you are in a hurry to get to a certain place or you are late for something that happens at that place. So the verbs идти, ехать, спешить, опаздывать can be used with expressions of direction or expressions of destination. And what do we do? How do we work with these expressions of direction or destination? Let's assume that our destination, that the place where we need to get is a store. Магазин. We cannot use it just like that. It needs to be in a certain case and we also need to use a preposition. So in the Russian language the accusative case comes in handy again. That's what we use when we need to express a person's destination, when we're expressing where a person is trying to get. We use the accusative case for that destination. And yes, there will be a preposition involved here. So let's take a look at how we do that. Expressing destination. What do we do? We use the accusative case and now look at the prepositions. В парк. To the park. В институт. To the institute. В кинотеатр. To the movie theater. В школу. To school. В библиотеку. To the library. We're using the preposition В. В парк, в институт, в кинотеатр, в школу, в библиотеку. You should remember that feminine nouns, when they appear in the accusative case, change their endings from А to У. So that's why we say ШКОЛУ and В БИБЛИОТЕКУ. Masculine nouns don't undergo any change. So that's why we say В ПАРК, В ИНСТИТУТ, В КИНОТЕАТР. When expressing a person's destination, use the accusative case. So, we are going to school. We are on the way to school. How can we say that in Russian? Мы. And let's assume we are walking. Мы идем to school. В школу. Мы идем в школу. Now let's go to the library. So, we are going to the library. How are we going to say that? Мы идем в библиотеку. Хорошо. Let's go to the park. Мы идем в парк. And you don't have to put any ending on ПАРК, because it's a masculine inanimate noun and it doesn't change in the accusative case. Мы идем в парк. Now, let's make a trip to a movie theater. So, we are going to a movie theater. Мы идем в кинотеатр. Мы идем в школу. Мы идем в библиотеку. Мы идем в парк. Мы идем в кинотеатр. Хорошо. Most of the Russian nouns appear in expressions of direction or destination with the preposition В. В школу, в кинотеатр, в институт, в библиотеку, в парк. Again, most of the Russian nouns take the preposition В. But there is a group of nouns that take the preposition НА. Let's look at our НА phrases. Again, we are working on expressing destination and we are using the accusative case. На работу. To work. На фабрику. To the factory. На почту. To the post office. На завод. To the plant. На стройку. To the construction site. You have to remember these nouns that take the preposition НА. На работу. На фабрику. На почту. На завод. На стройку. На работу. To work. На фабрику. To the factory. На почту. To the post office. На завод. To the plant. На стройку. To the construction site. Хорошо. Хорошо. Now let's practice with the НА phrases. Again, let's make these imaginary little trips. Let's go to the post office. Мы идём на почту. And почта is a feminine noun, so don't forget to change the ending to У. На почту. Let's say, we are going to work. Мы идём на работу. And now let's say, we are going to the factory. Мы идём на фабрику. And now I want you to strengthen your memory. When we were learning about expressing location, we also had to learn a list of phrases that go with the preposition НА. At work. На работе. At a plant. На заводе. The good news is, those nouns that take the preposition НА when we use them to express location will also take the preposition НА when they express destination. So, all you have to do is just review the list of nouns. The nouns that take the preposition НА. And whether you are using the prepositional case to express location or you are using the accusative case to express destination, the preposition will stay the same. The ending will change. Because you will be using it for a different purpose. But the preposition will stay the same. But again, I'm going to give you the same piece of advice. Don't try to figure out which preposition is used when. Memorize them. And that way when you need to say it, it's already there. Stored in your memory. You don't have to use some kind of magical formula to figure out which preposition to use. Make your memory work for you. Хорошо. And now let us talk about what people do in the morning. Утром. Where do you go in the morning? Куда Вы идёте утром? To school. Утром Вы идёте в школу. Or if you are using a vehicle, I can say Утром Вы едете в школу. Утром я еду на работу. And your parents, they also go to work. Утром Ваши родители едут на работу. And how about Иван Иванович и его семья? Иван Иванович идёт на работу. Анна Петровна, she also goes to work. Анна Петровна тоже идёт на работу. Where does Nina go? Куда идёт Нина? To school. Нина идёт... Да, Нина идёт в школу. And Максим is yet a little fella, so he goes to the kindergarten. Максим идёт в детский сад. Let's take a look at this paragraph. Иван Иванович идёт на работу в гараж. Иван Иванович goes to work. And we know that he works in a garage, so he goes to the garage. На работу в гараж. And we use the accusative case for both of these phrases. They express his destination. Иван Иванович идёт на работу в гараж. Анна Петровна идёт в школу. Нина идёт в школу. Максим идёт в детский сад. And I will give you a few seconds to read this paragraph out loud in your classrooms. Ну, хорошо. Итак, утром Иван Иванович идёт на работу в гараж. Анна Петровна идёт на работу в школу. Нина идёт в школу. А Максим идёт в детский сад. To the kindergarten. Максим идёт в детский сад. And детский сад is a new phrase for us, so we need to write this down. This is what we do here. Детский сад. Kindergarten. Детский сад. This little word сад literally means garden. This is a garden where children play. That's why we call it детский сад. Максим идёт в детский сад. Сад is a masculine noun, right? It ends in a consonant. So, when we need to say to the kindergarten, we simply say в детский сад. But Nina goes to school. How do we say to school? We would use the same preposition в, but школа is a feminine noun. So, what's going to happen here? В школу. Нина идёт в школу. А их родители, their parents, Максим и Нина's parents go to work. How do we say to work? На. This is going to be one of the на phrases. На работу. Работа is a feminine noun. So, this is what happens here. We use the у ending. Feminine nouns change their endings from а to у. Хорошо. Итак, утром я еду на работу на машине. А вы? Вы едете в школу? Или идёте в школу? Как вы едете в школу? So, let's take a look at this. If you go to school by car, you can say утром я еду в школу на машине. In the morning, I go to school by car. Утром я еду в школу на машине. If you ride a bus, then you say Я еду в школу на автобусе. And if you live very close, then you can walk. You say Я иду в школу пешком. But in each of these sentences, we are expressing the same destination. To school. We use the preposition В and we use the accusative case. The name of your destination ought to be in the accusative case. В школу. So, in the morning, we hurry to get to work. Or we hurry to get to school. Утром все спешат на работу. In the morning, everybody is in a hurry to get to work. Утром все спешат The yellow phrase means Everybody is in a hurry. Все спешат And this little word Все is plural in Russian. Утром все спешат на работу. In the morning, everybody is in a hurry to get to work. Утром все спешат на работу или в школу. Хорошо. So, right after this lesson, start working on your additional exercises. And you will be practicing a lot with expressing destination, expressing where people are trying to get. And then at home, please take a text box and find Урок номер семь. On pages 142 and 143, read sections 7.1 and 7.2. These two sections deal with location and direction and also with the use of the prepositions в and на. There are some very good comments in your textbook on those two issues, and I certainly want you to read sections 7.1 and 7.2. Then practice exercise 7.1, sections А and Б. At this point, we are only interested in the first two parts of exercise 7.1, but you will see it in the textbook that this is a rather long exercise, so work on part А and Б. And then review notes taken during this class. Большое спасибо и до свидания.