German Cases Explained Simply | Nominative, Accusative, Dative & Genitive | Lesson 32 B1 Course

Assalamualaikum and welcome to Germany for Students channel. Today's German language course is lesson number 32 of B1 level. In lesson number 32, we will see four cases used in German language. This is a very important topic of grammar. In German language, we study this topic in different levels. In B1 level also, it is as important as it is in A1 and A2 level. In today's lesson, we will revise some things which we have already studied in A2 and A1 level and will learn some new concepts. So, let's start today's lesson. First of all, let's see which cases are there in German language. We have Nominative case, Genitive case, Dative case and Accusative case. Now, let's see these cases with the help of an example. If we have a noun, der Mann, which means man, then we can use it in different cases. It depends on what we want to say in the sentence. So, if we use man as a subject, subject means that man is doing some work or performing some action. So, in this case, der Mann will be in Nominative case. For example, der Mann schläft, man is sleeping. Let's see another example. In this example, we have taken der Mann in Accusative case. Accusative case is called direct object. And one possible example is, Ich sehe den Mann, I see the man. Now, man is being seen here. Some other person is performing action. I am seeing the man. In this sentence, I will be in Nominative case because I am performing action. And the person or the object on which action is being performed will be in Accusative case. And for that, if we want to take definite article, then we have to take definite article from Accusative case. That's why, when we want to use der Mann in Accusative case, then it will be den Mann. If we take man as indirect object in a sentence, then it will be in Dative case. For example, Ich gebe dem Mann einen Stift. I give a pen to the man. I give a pen. Pen is in Accusative case. That's why, we will take indefinite article of Accusative case. Einen. And man, because it is der Mann, its definite article in Dative is dem. So, here Mann is in Dative case. And in this sentence, we have Accusative, Nominative and Dative. Let's see the next example. Genitive case. Genitive case shows possession. That something belongs to someone or someone possesses something. Das ist das Auto des Mannes. This car belongs to the man. Now, the car belongs to the man. That's why, man is in Genitive case. And in Genitive case, der Mann's article will be des. And we have to add s or es before noun. We have studied this Genitive case in the start of B1 level. So, its summary is that one thing can be in Nominative case. In next sentence, it can be in Accusative case. In next sentence, it can be in Dative or Genitive case. It depends on what we want to say. Now, let's try to understand this concept with the help of some examples. Leo schenkt dem Kapitän zwei Armbänder. Leo gifts two bracelets to the captain. Now, here we have learned the concept of a zarzglieder in the last lesson. Let's use it and see what are the elements of this sentence. One element of this sentence is Leo. One is schenkt. Schenken is conjugated form of Leo. It means gift. dem Kapitän Kapitän means captain. zwei Armbänder means two bracelets. So, we have four sentence elements in total. Leo schenkt dem Kapitän zwei Armbänder. Leo is a subject of sentence because Leo is doing something. It is in Nominative case. zwei Armbänder is a direct object. Leo is giving something. So, whatever is being given is a direct object. It is in Accusative case. Whatever is being given is a Dative case. Dative case is an indirect object. Now, we have to see how to identify different elements in this sentence. Which element is in Accusative case? Which element is in Dative case? Which element is in Genitive or Accusative case? To identify this element in German, we have a concept that we have to ask questions about different elements in a sentence. We can ask this question about this sentence. For example, Who is giving two bracelets to the captain? So, wherever the question will start from, in that case, we are asking about Nominative case. We are asking about Nominative case. And the answer of Nominative case, like Leo is the answer in this case. So, Leo is in Nominative case. So, the question word for Nominative case is either Where? Who? What? For example, if we have a sentence Das Auto ist blau. Was ist blau? So, it will depend on the information about something or a person in the sentence. So, if there is a question about a person, then it will start with Where? And if there is a question about something, then it will start with Was. Now, if we have to ask questions about the rest of the sentence elements, then our question for Dative case is Who? Wem schenkt Leo zwei Armbänder? Who is Leo gifting two bracelets to? So, Leo is gifting two bracelets to the captain. So, we will give the answer of Who from Dative case. And in Dative case, the definite article of Kapitän will be dem. So, we have Leo schenkt dem Kapitän zwei Armbänder. In this sentence, the next question we can ask is What is Leo gifting to the captain? So, what or who? So, the question can also be When? If the action is being performed on a person, as we saw in the first example, Isch seh den mann? So, here in the accusative case, it can be a person or a thing. If it is a person, then we will use the question word of When. If it is a thing, then we will use the question word of Was. Was schenkt Leo dem Kapitän? What is Leo gifting to the captain? So, the answer to this question will be in the accusative case. Leo schenkt dem Kapitän zwei Armbänder. So, zwei Armbänder will be in the accusative case. Next example is that in this sentence, we also add a genitive element. So, this sentence will be Leo schenkt dem Kapitän der Fußballmannschaft zwei Armbänder. Now, which sentence element has been added here? Der Fußballmannschaft. Now, der Fußballmannschaft is a genitive case because the captain belongs to the Fußballmannschaft. That's why there is a genitive case here. Now, let's see how we can ask questions in the genitive case So, to identify the genitive case, we have to use the question word of Wesson. Wesson Kapitän schenkt Leo zwei Armbänder. Whose captain does Leo gift two Armbänder or two bracelets? So, the answer is So, Leo gifts two bracelets to the captain of the football team. So, Fußballmannschaft or football team is in the genitive case. Die Mannschaft and die Mannschaft's definite article will be in the genitive case. Let's see the next example. Ustani bachchon ko projekt ke sawal ya projekt ki tasks dikhati hai. In this sentence also, we identify different zartzglieder or different sentence elements. Kaun bachchon ko project ki tasks dikhati hai? Die Lehrerin. So, Lehrerin is doing some work. It will be subject of sentence. Subject of sentence is nominative. Ustani bachchon ko kya dikha rahi hai? Bachchon ko Aufgaben dikha rahi hai. Toh jo Aufgaben ya tasks hai, wo direct object hai. Direct object hota hai accusative. Teacher kin ko tasks dikha rahi hai? Wo hai bachche. Toh bachche direct object hoga. Direct object humare paas hota hai dative case mein. Aur kis ke Aufgaben ya kis ki tasks teacher dikha rahi hai bachchon ko? Yaha pe possession ka element aa jayega. Aur possession ka element hota hai genitive case mein. Nominative case ko sentence ke andar identify karne ke liye humare paas jo question word hota hai wo hai Where udar was? Toh yaha pe Lehrerin hai, ek living person hai. Toh hum yaha pe where ka question word use karke Kaun bachchon ko project ki tasks dikha raha hai? Toh wo teacher hai. Isliye yaha pe die Lehrerin nominative case mein hai. Nominative case ka definite article lehrerin ke liye die hota hai. Isliye humne die Lehrerin yaha pe istamaal kiya hai. Teacher kin ko tasks dikha rahi hai? Kin ko ka jo question hoga wo Wem, German language mein uske liye question word hota hai. Jab bhi jumle ke andar koi aisa element hoga Jiske baare mein sawal karne ke liye Hume Wem ka question word istamaal karna hoga. Toh wo element dative case mein hoga. Toh den kindern bachchon ko teacher tasks dikha rahi hai. Next humare paas hai accusative. Accusative case ke baare mein sawal karne ke liye ya accusative case ko identify karne ke liye Humare paas jo question word hota hai. Wo hota hai wen, uder, was. Yaha pe kyunki kisi cheez ke baare mein poocha jaa raha hai. Toh hum was ka question word use karenge. Ustani bachchon ko kya dikha rahi hai? Toh ustani bachchon ko tasks dikha rahi hai. Toh isliye yaha pe hum Aufgaben ke liye jo definite article hoga Woh accusative se lehenge. Aur accusative case mein plural noun jaisa ke Aufgaben hai. Uske liye jo definite article hota hai. Woh hota hai di. Next hum dekhte hain ke Ke kya iss sentence mein koi genitive case bhi hai ya nahi? Toh uske liye hum wesen ka question karenge. Kis cheez ke Aufgaben teacher bachchon ko dikha rahi hai? Toh Aufgaben jo hai woh project ke hai. Isliye hum yaha pe Wesen Aufgaben seit die Lehrerin den Kinder. Kis ke Aufgaben? Kis ke tasks? Kis ke questions ustani bachchon ko dikha rahi hai? Toh genitive case bhi iss sentence ke andar available hai. Isliye genitive case ke baare mein sawal karenge liye hum Question word use karenge. Wesen. Ek aur example dekhte hain. Der Sohn der Nachbarn bringt seiner Mutter Blumen. Hamsaayon ka beta apni maa ke liye phool lekar aata hai. Ab yaha pe sabse pehle sentence elements ko dekhte hain Ke iss sentence ke andar kitne sentence element hai? Koon action perform kar raha hai? Action perform karne wala der Sohn hai. Action perform karne wala subject hota hai. Jo ke nominative case mein hota hai. Die Blumen direct object hai. Bachcha ya beta kya leke aa raha hai? Beta phool leke aa raha hai. Phool isliye direct object hoga accusative case ke andar. Kis ke liye phool leke aa raha hai? Wo indirect object hoga. Yaha pe iss jumle ke andar indirect object hai. Die Mutter. Aur wo bachcha kis ko belong karta hai? Wo bachcha Nachbarn ya Hamsaayon ko belong karta hai. Toh isliye Hamsaay jo hain wo iss sentence mein Genitive case mein honge. Ab one by one iss sentence ke baare mein dekhte hain. Thoda detail ki andar. Der Sohn der Nachbarn bringt seiner Mutter Blumen. Koon apni maa ke liye phool lekar aata hai. Toh Koon ka jo question word hai. Wo jab bhi sentence ke andar aayega. Uska jawab nominative case mein hoga. Iska matlab hai ke nominative case ka definite ya indefinite article jo bhi hum istamaal kar rahe honge. Wo istamaal karenge. Toh der Sohn iss sentence ke andar. Nominative case ke andar hai. Baaki jo sentence ke elements hain. Unko dekhte hain ki kya iss jumle ke andar koi aisa element hai. Jiske liye hum Waim ka question word use kar sakte hain. Kis ke liye phool leke aara hai? Apni maa ke liye. Toh apni maa ka jo sentence element hai. Wo yaha pe dative case ke andar hoga. Isliye yaha pe humne Normally Kyuki mutar ek feminine noun hai. Lekin dative ke andar Isliye Apni maa ke liye. Ab accusative case ko identify karne ke liye. Hum dekhenge. Ki kya iss jumle ke andar. Koi aisa element hai. Jiske baare mein Hum Was ka question word use kar sakte hain. Toh Yaha pe kyuki Hum Nahi use kar sakte hain. Lekin Was ka question word use kar sakte hain. Was Hamsayon ka beta apni maa ke liye. Kya leke aata hai? Toh us Kya ka jawab dene ke liye. Blumen ka word istamaal hoga. Kyuki Hamsayon ka beta Apni maa ke liye. Aur Yaha pe Blumen ke saath hum koi Definite ya indefinite article istamaal nahi karenge. Kyuki Uski zaroorat nahi hai. Next dekhte hain ki Kya Iss jumle ke andar. Koi Element hai. Jiske liye hum. Vesson ka question word use kar sakte hain. Toh yaha pe hum keh rahe hain. Hamsayon ka beta Toh Yaha pe Hamsayon jo hai. Wo Genitive case mein hai. Isliye hum. Unke liye. Vesson ka question word istamaal karenge. Vesson zone. Bring Seiner Mutter Blumen Kin ka beta Apni maa ke liye. Phool lekar aata hai. Toh I hope ke In examples ke baad. Jis tarah se humne detail ke andar dekha hai. Aapko Subject Direct object Indirect object Aur possession ke jo Sentence elements hai. Unko sentence ke andar Identify karne mein Madad mili hogi. Aur isse aap Aise jumle bana sakte hain. Jo grammatically correct ho. Ab aate hain homework ki taraf. Homework mein pehla sentence hai. There asked Er klaert Dem patienten Die wirkung des medikaments. Doctor patient ko Dawaai ke asraat Batata hai. Ya explain karta hai. Ab aapne isse Jumle ke andar Identify karna hai. Ke kitne zaarskleeder hai. Kaunse zaarskleed Kis case ke andar hai. Aur uske liye hum. Kaunse question word Istamaal kar sakte hain. Dusri example hai. Er hilft Dem freund Wo apni behen ke Dost ko help karta hai. House of carbon ke andar. Ya homework ke andar. Toh yaha pe bhi Aapne identify karna hai. Ke kaun kaunse Sentence element iske andar hai. Unko hum kaise Identify kar sakte hain. Aur uske liye Kaun kaunse question words Ko hum istamaal kar sakte hain. I hope ke Isse aapko Chaaro cases German language mein Refresh karne ka moqa mila hoga. Aur kuch naye concepts Bhi seekhne ko mila honge. Apna feedback zarur deyin. Aur phir milenge Next lesson mein Next topic ke saath. Allah hafiz.