Plusquamperfekt | Nachdem | Präteritum und Perfekt | B1 German Course | Lesson 14

Assalam-o-Alaikum and welcome to Germany for student channel. Today is lesson number 15 of German language course B1 level. In lesson number 15, we are going to discuss a topic called Plusquamperfect. This topic is very complicated, so you have to understand it very carefully. In this, we will repeat many concepts that we have already studied in B1 and A2 level lessons. And we will learn some new things that what is Plusquamperfect. And in that, how can we use conjunction of noun and noun. So, let's start today's lesson. If we have to describe two events in our sentence, which both events have happened in past, then for that, we can use Plusquamperfect. It means that we can use Plusquamperfect to describe two events in past in German. To make sentences of Plusquamperfect, we always need two sentences. One will be called Hauptsatz and other will be called Nebenzatz. We have already studied the concept of Hauptsatz and Nebenzatz in many lessons. But what is special here, we will see in today's lesson. So, the summary is that we have to describe two events, which both events have happened in past. In one sentence, we will describe one event. In other sentence, we will describe other event. One sentence will be called Hauptsatz. Second sentence will be called Nebenzatz. We will start Nebenzatz with Nachtem. So, till now, you have not seen any new thing in this. But what is new in this, we will see in today's lesson. Now, let's see how we can make Plusquamperfect. In this, we can use Hauptsatz for Perfect. Or we can use it for Preteritum. When we have to use Perfect? When we have to use Preteritum? Now, let's see the sentence structure of Nebenzatz. Nebenzatz will start with Nachtem. After that, we will use the conjugation of Seine and Haben. We will use it according to the subject. But special is that the conjugation of Seine and Haben will be from Preteritum. In which case, we have to use Haben? In which case, we have to use Seine? We have already studied this. When we have covered Perfect. But at that time, we have studied Perfect in A2 or A1. In that, we have used Present form of Seine or Haben. Now, in Plusquamperfect, we have to use Preteritum form of Seine or Haben. What is that form? We will see that too. In Nebenzatz, we have to use Particip-Swei form. Here, I have written only the main components of the sentence. Seine or Haben is written. Or Particip-Swei and Nachtem is written. In this, subject will also be there. Without subject, no sentence will be complete. In the same way, preposition can also be there. Object can also be there. Adjective etc. can also be there. So, if we see the examples, we will get more clarity from this. But first of all, let's see. What will be the Preteritum form of Seine or Haben? If we have subject-ish. So, the Preteritum form of Haben will be Hatte. In Present, it is Habe. But in Preteritum, it will be Hatte. For subject-ish of Seine, the conjugation will be War. In Present, it is Ist. For Seine, for LZS, Hatte. For Haben and for Seine, War. In Present, for LZS, Erhatte. And for Seine, in Present, LZS Ist. In Present, it is Weer-Haben. For Weer subject of Seine, the Preteritum form will be Wagen. In Present, it is Weer-Sind. If subject is Eer, then the Preteritum form of Haben will be Eer-Hatte. In Present, the Preteritum form of Haben is Eer-Habe. If we have to conjugate Seine in a sentence, subject-ish of Eer will be Eer-Wart. This is in Preteritum. In Present, the Preteritum form of Haben is Eer-Zeit. Zee-Hatten and Zee-Wagen. So, we have to keep this table in mind. When we have to make sentences of Plusquamperfect, we have to use the Preteritum form of Seine or Haben. We don't have to use the Present form. Now, let's see what sentence structure we have to follow. Before this, we have seen that in Hauptsatz, Perfect and Preteritum can be used. One of the two will be used. Either Perfect or Preteritum. And it depends on what we want to say in the sentence. If Perfect is used, we have to use the sentence structure of Perfect. If Preteritum is used, we have to use the sentence structure of Preteritum. We have covered both the sentence structures in A1 and A2 lessons. Now, let's see the sentence structure of Nebensatz. Nebensatz will start with Nachteim. In Plusquamperfect, it is not necessary that every sentence starts with Nachteim. The focus of today's lesson is the conjunction of Nachteim. So, we will put Nachteim on the first position of Nebensatz. After that, Subject will come. After Subject, Object will come. After Object, we will use the participle form of Verb. And on the last position of the sentence, Seine or Haben will come. And we have to use the Preteritum form of Seine or Haben in Nebensatz. We have seen the table of Preteritum form in the previous slide. We have seen the conjugation of Seine or Haben in Preteritum form for different subjects. Now, let's come to the examples. We have to apply all the rules that we have studied. Now, in Hauptsatz, I have a sentence in Preteritum. We have learned that in Hauptsatz, Preteritum and Perfect can be used. First, let's see some examples with Preteritum. The sentence structure of Preteritum is that Subject comes on the first position. On the second position, Verb comes. But we use the Preteritum or Past form of Verb. The Preteritum form of Gehen is Ging for the subject Er. So, Er ging sofort schlafen. He immediately went to sleep. So, this is the first event that is happening in Hauptsatz. We had seen in the beginning that there will be two events in Plusquamperfect. We will explain one event in Hauptsatz. And we will explain the second event in Nebensatz. So, what is Nebensatz? Er war nach Hause gekommen. He had come home. Now, if we see here, Common Verb has come. For Common Verb, we have to use the Seine Verb for Perfect. So, we have to use the Conjugation of Past for Seine Verb. If it was in Present, then Er ist nach Hause gekommen. This is the sentence that we have studied in A1 and A2. Er ist nach Hause gekommen. He has come home. But now, because we have to use Plusquamperfect. We have to explain an event that has happened in the past. For that, we have to use the Preteritum Form, Seine or Haben Verb. And here, because Common Verb is conjugated, Seine Verb will come. Seine Verb's Er Subject is Preteritum Form. Er war nach Hause gekommen. He had come home. Now, we cannot call these two sentences as Plusquamperfect. Because, Plusquamperfect is a sentence that is made by combining two sentences. It has a Hauptsatz and a Nebensatz. There are two events. Both events are in the past. Now, we convert these two sentences that are already in the past into Plusquamperfect. So, it will become Er ging sofort schlafen. He immediately went to sleep. Nachdem Er nach Hause gekommen war. After coming home. Now, the important thing or confusing thing here is that you have to decide which event has happened earlier and which event has happened later. So, first he came home. After that, he went to sleep. But, in Plusquamperfect, if we put the Hauptsatz on the first position, then we will first state the event that happened in the past, but happened later in comparison to the event that is present in the Nebensatz. So, the Nebensatz event happened earlier. He came home earlier. And he went to sleep later. Er ging sofort schlafen. Hauptsatz as it is will remain. Here, the Hauptsatz is in the Preteritum. We will keep it as it is. After that, we will give a comma with Nachdem. We will start the Nebensatz. Immediately after that, the subject will come. The subject is er. After that, the preposition is nach Hause gekommen war. So, this is the sentence structure that we have learned a little while ago. The participle will come on the second last position. And on the last position of the sentence, the conjugation of sein or haben will be from the Preteritum. Now, in this sentence, because the main verb is common, the sein verb will be used for it. According to er, the conjugation in the Preteritum is war. Er ging sofort schlafen. Nachdem er nach Hause gekommen war. Paul fand eine gute Stelle. Paul got a good job. Here, fand is the Preteritum form of finden. Hauptsatz in this sentence is also in the Preteritum. So, we will use the sentence structure of the Preteritum. Paul got a good job. He finished his studies. Now, here too, there are two sentences. Both sentences are in the past. And in both sentences, one event is taking place. Now, we will combine these two sentences with the help of Plusquamperfect. And we will apply all the rules that we have learned earlier. The Hauptsatz will be as it is. Paul fand eine gute Stelle. Paul got a good job. After finishing his studies. So, if we look at this sentence, there are two events. Both events are taking place in the past. The first event is that he completed his studies. The second event is that he got a good job. So, in Plusquamperfect, if we put the Hauptsatz on the first position, then we will tell that event first, which happened after both events in the past. So, Paul fand eine gute Stelle. Paul got a good job. We started with the sentence. After that came the subject. When we use Abschließen verb, then we will use the Haben verb. We will not use the Sein verb. We have to use Haben in the Preteritum. Because this event happened in the past. In the Preteritum of Haben, the conjugation for the subject air will be Hatte. I hope that you are following this. Let's see more examples. To understand this further. Sie erzählte mir die Geschichte. He told me a story. Sie hatte das Buch gelesen. He read that book. Sie erzählte mir die Geschichte. He told me a story. Sie hatte das Buch gelesen. He read that book. Two events happened in the past. We can explain this with the help of Plusquamperfekt. If we use Plusquamperfekt on these two sentences. If we apply the rules. Then it will be Sie erzählte mir die Geschichte. Hauptsatz as it is will come. In this Hauptsatz we have also followed the sentence structure of the Preteritum. Nachdem Sie das Buch gelesen hatte. After reading that book. If we see here. We are explaining the two events of the past. The event that happened later. We are writing it in the Hauptsatz and putting it in the first position. What happened later? Sie erzählte mir die Geschichte. And what happened first? Nachdem Sie das Buch gelesen hatte. After reading that book. Nachdem Sie das Buch gelesen hatte. Subject Sie. Object das Buch gelesen. Participle Form gelesen. Hatte Sie. Haben Verb Preteritum. We have already seen the table. Let's see the next example. In this example we have the Hauptsatz in Perfect. Ich habe Fern gesehen. I watched TV. Ich hatte meine Hausaufgaben gemacht. I did my homework. Now here also the two events that happened in the past. I watched TV. And I did my homework. Let's convert both into Plusquamperfect. Using the conjunction of Nachdem. So this will be. Ich habe Fern gesehen. The Hauptsatz will come as it is. If it is in Perfect, it will remain in Perfect. We will give space by giving a comma. And after that we will start Nebensatz with Nachdem. Immediately after that will come Subject. Subject is Ich. Meine Hausaufgaben. My homework. Which is the object of the sentence. Machen's participle is only. Macht and Hatte are in the last position of the sentence. Because whenever we use the verb Machen. Then we have to take Haben from Sein or Haben. And by taking its participle form. We have to conjugate it according to the subject of Nebensatz. So that will be Hatte. So here also the event that happened later. We have explained it in the Hauptsatz. Ich habe Fern gesehen. I watched TV. After doing my homework. First I did my homework. After that I watched TV. But when I will explain it in Plusquamperfect. First I will say the event that happened later. And after that will be the event that happened in the past. Let's see another example of Perfect. Wir haben Spaziergang gemacht. We walked. Wir hatten gegessen. We ate. There are two events. Both events happened in the past. One event happened before. Second event happened after that. So we can make both of them with the help of Plusquamperfect. Wir haben Spaziergang gemacht. We walked. In the Hauptsatz we have followed the sentence structure of Perfect. Wir haben Spaziergang gemacht. We will use Nachteim after comma. After that subject will come. After subject there is no object in this sentence. So we will use the participle form of Essen. And hatten is the conjugation of haben according to the verb wir. For the preteritum. We will use this on the last position of the sentence. So what is the first event? The first event is that we ate. But we will use this in Plusquamperfect later. First we will explain the event which happened later in the past. Later event is Wir haben Spaziergang gemacht. We walked. Nachteim wir gegessen hatten. After eating. So this was today's lesson. I hope this lesson will be clear to you. I hope this concept will be clear to you. We have revised the concept of Nebensatz and Hauptsatz. We have revised the concept of Perfect and Preteritum. And we have learned something new. We have learned a new grammar concept of Plusquamperfect. There is homework for this. There are two sentences for each example. Because Plusquamperfect is made by combining two sentences. Die Gästewagen gegangen. Wir räumten das Wohnzimmer auf. Now there are two events. Both events have happened in the past. One event has happened before. One event has happened later. You have to use the concept of Plusquamperfect to make Nebensatz and Hauptsatz. And write your answer in the comments. The second example is Er hatte das Problem gelöst. He solved the problem. Er fühlte sich erleichtert. He felt easy. There are two events here. Both events have happened in the past. You have to use the rules of Plusquamperfect to make a sentence. I hope this lesson and concept will be clear to you. If you have any questions, please put them in the comments. I will wait for your homework. See you in the next video with a new lesson. Allah Hafiz.